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Nfluence of PH of The Bath and Residual Alkalinity

1) Methods for applying wet finishes to fabrics include exhaustion techniques and padding concentrated solutions, depending on the substrate and feasibility of the process. Foam applicators and spray techniques are also used for made garments. 2) Padding is suitable for all softeners while exhaustion can only be used for softeners with good substantivity. However, high substantivity can cause issues with padding. 3) The pH of the fabric substrate and bath influence different finishes differently and can impact properties like softness and wash fastness. Maintaining a slightly acidic pH is recommended.

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Musa Eltayeb
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67 views2 pages

Nfluence of PH of The Bath and Residual Alkalinity

1) Methods for applying wet finishes to fabrics include exhaustion techniques and padding concentrated solutions, depending on the substrate and feasibility of the process. Foam applicators and spray techniques are also used for made garments. 2) Padding is suitable for all softeners while exhaustion can only be used for softeners with good substantivity. However, high substantivity can cause issues with padding. 3) The pH of the fabric substrate and bath influence different finishes differently and can impact properties like softness and wash fastness. Maintaining a slightly acidic pH is recommended.

Uploaded by

Musa Eltayeb
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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METHODS of wet application of finishes on fabrics are mostly either by exhaustion techniques or by padding concentrated solution and depend

on the substrate and the feasibility of adopting either of the processes. Applications by foam applicator by spray techniques are common in the case of made up garments. Whereas padding method of application is feasible for all softeners, exhaust method of application is possible only where the softener has good substantivity. However high substantivity could cause tailing in a pad box application and requires to be controlled discussed under padding method of application. Softeners are the most employed finishing agents either by themselves or along with other body builders/modifiers. Majority of the softeners are cationic. Cationic reactive softeners based on amino silicones play very important role to provide the lubricity to facilitate better sewability and also permanency to the finish. The fabric substrate pH, the stability of the bath pH, the ionic character of the residual chemicals that may be left behind from the previous treatment, incomplete or variation in drying, yellowness, high TDS / hardness can all influence different finishes differently

Influence of pH of the bath and residual alkalinity


Residual alkalinity on substrate cotton can upset the bath pH and cause problems, where finishes requiring acid pH are employed like in cationic and resin finishes. Cationic softeners The quaternized cationic finishing agents in solution have positively charged hydrophobic tail and negatively charged hydrophilic anion head. The cellulose acquires negative potential (Zeta potential) when wetted out and attracts the positively charged hydrophobic tail, thus providing a bulky oily film anchored on the surface. In an alkaline pH the cationic quaternary compound will have less propensity to ionize and thus stand at a disadvantage to be attached to the cotton fabric substrate. On the other hand, from an exhaust bath, the speed of exhaustion of the cationic finishing agent on to cotton fabric depends on the strength of the positive charge it carries. This, in turn, depends on the pH. At lower pH, cationic softeners carry relatively higher positive charge and therefore are exhausted more rapidly even in cold. At pH 4-5 the exhaustion is almost total. This high rate of exhaustion on cotton is also very undesirable, since it tends to develop uneven spots / stains on the fabric surface. This is due to rushing and exhaustion of the softeners into sites that are easily penetrated and relatively less or none is available for sites that are more difficult to penetrate. Therefore the pH conditions need to be established for different softeners based on the temperature and m:l ratio. Fabric construction and geometry also will influence ease / difficulty to penetrate. Conditions generally weakly acidic, recommended by the manufacturers / suppliers of the softeners to achieve

uniform and even exhaustion provide the necessary guidance. The exhaust time shall be 20 to 30 minutes normally. In the case of cationic amino functional siloxanes, the cross-linking / electrometric film formation of the siloxanes on the surface of the fabric and its reactivity with the cellulose will also be impaired. Thus, the inadequate coverage of the film on the fabric surface will result in inadequate feel. The durability to wash will be affected by decreased / absence of reactivity of the end Hydroxyl group of the siloxane with OH of cellulose due to disturbance to pH. Alkaline pH conditions can also destabilize/break the emulsion and cause silicone oil marks on the fabric. Secondly, the variation in pH (particularly falling on the alkaline side) on the fabric across the width/length can cause differential exhaustion on the fabric surface. Accordingly the performance in terms of the actual finish characteristics like softness, lubricity, feel, drape etc. and wash fastness also will vary. It is recommended that both the fabric substrate and the bath are maintained slightly acidic with safe organic acids. Incomplete removal of anionic soaps and detergents normally used in the earlier soaping operations can result in the cationic finishing agent forming a complex with the anionic soap/ detergent and cause precipitation and thus diminish the softening effect. This point is often neglected. Proper rinsing cycle after soaping is to be provided to minimize this problem. Finishes requiring acid release catalysts Application of finish by padding

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