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Cardiac Arrhythmia

This 77-year-old patient presented with atrial fibrillation due to alcohol abuse and hypertension. Excessive alcohol intake led to increased fat deposition in arteries and slowed fat metabolism, narrowing arteries and increasing blood pressure over time. Hypertension damaged renal arteries and tissues, impairing kidney function and causing fluid retention manifesting as anasarca. It also disrupted the heart's electrical signaling, causing the irregular heartbeat of atrial fibrillation. Additional complications included suspected peptic ulcers leading to gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia.

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109 views3 pages

Cardiac Arrhythmia

This 77-year-old patient presented with atrial fibrillation due to alcohol abuse and hypertension. Excessive alcohol intake led to increased fat deposition in arteries and slowed fat metabolism, narrowing arteries and increasing blood pressure over time. Hypertension damaged renal arteries and tissues, impairing kidney function and causing fluid retention manifesting as anasarca. It also disrupted the heart's electrical signaling, causing the irregular heartbeat of atrial fibrillation. Additional complications included suspected peptic ulcers leading to gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia.

Uploaded by

jae_lee_73
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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B. Actual Pathophysiology
Predisposing Factor: -77 y.o Precipitating factor: -alcohol abuse -high BP

Excessive alcohol intake Increased alcohol amount in the bloodstream Increase in fat amount from calories of alcohol Formation of triglycerides and increase amount in the blood Slowing down of fat metabolism Fat deposition occurs on arteries Narrowing of arteries Blood flow gets impeded Heart compensation Increased BP Hypertension Increased cardiac workload

Increased pressure on renal arteries and tissue Increased renal workload

Thickening of top chambers of atria Increase workload of atria Stretching of atria

Damage on renal tissue arteries

31 Renal parenchymal disease Impairment of kidneys filtering capacity Unable to remove and regulate chemicals and water Build-up of excess fluid and wastes ANASARCA Ventricles beat more slowly than atria Irregular pulse and heartbeat Atrial Fibrillation Disorganization of electrical impulse Irregular conduction of impulses to ventricles Uncoordinated contraction of atria Disrupted blood flow from atria to ventricle Irregular impulses reach the AV node in rapid succession

Chest pain and fluttering

Loss of appetite

Suspected formation of ulcers

GI Bleeding

Black tarry stool

ANEMIA

32

Atrial Fibrillation is an irregular heart rhythm. In this case, the factor that precipitated the patient to have atrial fibrillation was his alcohol abuse and history of hypertension. This two factors contribute in different ways but somehow related to the patient having this cardiac dysrhytmia. The alcohol abuse of the client precipitated him to have hypertension. It developed through the effect of alcohol in the body that it slows down fat metabolism, which then triggers fat deposition in the arteries. This deposition of fats in the arteries then causes narrowing of the arteries that results to increase in blood pressure to supply the oxygen need of the entire body. As this continuously happen, the possibility of heart hypertrophy may occur for as high BP lasts, the more heart will compensate. Hypertension then causes alterations in the in the heart rhythm, it may disorganize the electrical impulse and cause uncoordination of atrial contraction. This episodes will then result to atrial fibrillation--the irregularity of heart rhythm. Another disease that the patient have which is related to hypertension is the renal parenchymal disease. This develops when the renal arteries and tissues gets damaged due to high pressure from the heart as it pumps the blood. This scarring of the arteries and tissues leads to kidneys inability to filter the fluid and cleans the blood. This condition leads to anasarca -in case of our patient. The patient also has an anemia and this was suspected by the physician to be a damage in the tissue of the GI tract or peptic ulcer disease which resulted to excessiive bleeding. The episodes of bleeding resulted to black tarry stool and anemia which was the reason why the doctor ordered for blood transfusion.

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