INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET)

ISSN 0976 6308 (Print) ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- December (2012), pp. 437-446 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2012): 3.1861 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com

IJCIET
IAEME

STABILITY ANALYSIS OF EARTH DAM BY GEOSTUDIO SOFTWARE

Dr. S. P. Tatewar 1, Laxman N. Pawade2 1 (Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Amravati-444 604, India, sandiptatewar@yahoo.co.in) 2 (M. Tech (Civil-Geo-tech) Scholar, Government College of Engineering, Amravati-444 604, India, laxmanpawade@gmail.com) ABSTRACT Slope stability analysis of earth dam is very important to ascertain the stability of the structure. The stability of earth dam depends on its geometry, its components, materials, properties of each component and the forces to which it is subjected. The design of earth dams involves many considerations that must be examined before initiating detailed stability analyses. Such as geological and subsurface explorations, the earth and/or rock-fill materials available for construction should be carefully studied. This paper presents stability analysis carried out on 21 m high Bhimdi earth dam situated near Tq. Warud Dist. Amravati (Maharashtra State) by changing different parameters such as changing berm width, changing position of filter drains and to gain desire stability how much strengthening required that was carried out by using software Geo-studio. The Existing design results are compared with the simulated results obtained from software Keywords: Design Parameters, Geo studio Software, Slope Stability, Strengthing. 1. INTRODUCTION Slope stability analysis using computers is an easy task for engineers when the slope configuration and the soil parameters are known. However, the selection of the slope stability analysis method is not an easy task and effort should be made to collect the field conditions and the failure observations in order to understand the failure mechanism, which determines the slope stability method that should be used in the analysis. Therefore, the theoretical background of each slope stability method should be investigated in order to properly analyze the slope failure and assess the reliability of the analysis results. Two dimensional slope stability methods are the most common used methods among engineers due to their simplicity. However, these methods are based on simplifying assumptions to reduce the three-dimensional problem to a two-dimensional problem and therefore the accuracy of the analysis results vary between the different analysis methods. Traditionally uncertainties in design parameters are assumed to be accounted for through the use of safety factors. By
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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- December (2012), IAEME
assigning generous safety factors dam performance (capacity and safety) is assumed to remain in an acceptable range and it is customarily presumed that dams never fail. Nowadays, in most modern engineering codes and society, the appropriateness of the safety factor approach is being questioned. This approach does not allow for transparent accounting of uncertainties and for numerical quantification of safety. It does not permit for optimizing safety and economy uniformly across the system by associating. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW The literature shows considerable working on the study of stability of earthen dam by changing various parameters. Slope stability analysis by using limit equilibrium method in 2d and 3d shows two dimensional limit equilibrium methods will always estimate lower factors of safety compared to three-dimensional methods. Slope side effect should be considered in 3D limit equilibrium methods to produce more realistic simulation of the problem. Side resistance using the at-rest earth pressure coefficient should be considered can produce lower bound 3D factors of safety while using the active earth pressure coefficient can produce upper bound factor of safety.[1].Upstream side slope stability under sudden drawdown condition by computer programming shows the effect of horizontal drains on upstream slope of earth fill dams during rapid drawdown using finite elements and limit equilibrium methods. Changing of pore water pressure, outpouring seepage flow and factor of safety are inspected. By using Geo studio 2004[2]. Effect on factor of safety for varying thicknesses of core by using software SLIDE 5.0 were studied on construction of earth and rock fill dams. The study shows that stability of the dams depends on its geometry, materials properties and the forces to which it is subjected. [3] 3. GEOSTUDIO SOFTWARE Geo studio software is mostly used in varies civil engineering application and their problem analysis by considering different consideration. Now days its widely used this area mostly for finite element analysis, slope stability, seepage analysis and so on other applications. Following are steps for used Geo studio 2004 software. 1) For slope stability open the Geo Studio SLOPE/W Define module. 2) Identify the individual toolbars available. 3) Set the working area. 4) To set the working page size. 5) Set the scale. 6) Set the grid spacing. 7) Set and display the grid. 8) To save the data to a file. 9) To sketch an axis. 10) Sketch the slope stability problem. 11) Specify the analysis methods. 12) Specify the options used in the analysis. 13) Define the soil properties. 14) Draw the first region of the problem. 15) Draw the piezometric line. 16) Draw entry and exit location. 17) Turn off the points and the point numbers. 18) Display soil properties. 19) Verify the problem. 20) Save the problem. 21) Viewing the results. 438

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- December (2012), IAEME Table 1: The details of Bhimadi earth dam Topo sheet no. 55K/2, K/6 Latitude 290 12 longitude 780 2 Name of river Local Nalha sub basin Wardha Basin Godavari Total catchment area 7.152626 Sq km free catchment area 7.15 Sq km, Avg.Annual 904.75mm Total yield available 3.2598 Mm3 Annual utilization 3.22 Mm3 Gross storage 3.5961Mm3 Live storage 3.4645Mm3 Dead storage 0.507 Mm3 Type of dam Earthen Dam Maximum dam 20.28 m Length of dam 1230 m 3.1 Stability Analysis of Earth Dam by Changing Width of Berm Study of stability analysis of Bhimdi earth dam by changing width of berm was carried out by using Geo studio software. The effect of variation in width of berm on factor of safety is as discus below and existing soil properties are as shown in Table 2 and properties of Anchors and nails are as shown in Table 3. Table 2: Properties of Soil used Table casing of dam Filter Base foundion Foundion soil hearting section layer (F2) (F1) 17.39 8 30 15 10 30 17.39 8 30.96 16 22.5 16.7 16 22.5 16.7

Specification Unit Weight in KN/m3 Cohesion in KN/m2 Phi in degree

Table 3: Properties of Anchorage and Nailing For Anchorage For Nailing 2 Constant Applied Load 50KN/m Bond diameter Bond diameter Bond skin friction Anchor Spacing Bar capacity Shear Capacity 0.3183m 25KN/m2 1.0m 20KN/m2 30KN/m2 Bond skin friction Nailing Spacing Bar capacity Shear Capacity Bar Safety factor

0.3183m 25KN/m2 1.0m 20KN/m2 30KN/m2 1.0

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- December (2012), IAEME The critical slip surfaces and Distance strength characteristics for varies conditions of dam observered by Geo studio software is shown in figure. 3.1.
2.426
1 53 5 1 6

1 1 2 3 1 7 1 8

1 9 1 6

2 0

41 4 1 6

5 1 0

9 4

1 1 2

3 2

3.1: (a) For both berm width 5m. 2.332

9 2 4 10 6 8

11

12

13

14

15 3

17

16

18

19

20

3.1: (b) For both berm width 4m.

2.249
12 2 4 13

6 20

14

15

16 3

17

3 19 11 1 5

18 5 21 7

22

10

3.1: (c) For both berm width 3m.

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- December (2012), IAEME
2.670
9 2 21 6 8 1111 1212 10 10 4

13 13 1 2 22 22

14 14

3 1

7 5

15 16 23 23

15 16 3

17

17 18 18

19

20

20

3.1: (d) For both berm width 4m and 3 Anchors.

2.249
12 2 13 4

6 20 14 15

16 1 3

17

3 11 19 1 5

18 21 7 5

22 8

10

3.1: (e) For both berm of width 3m.

2.45 0
14 15

12 2

13 4

23

6 20

24 1 3

16

17

25

3 19 11 1 5

18 21 7 5

22 8

10

3.1: (f) For both berm width 3m. Figure 3.1: Critical slip surfaces and distance strength characteristics on downstream side dam section. The change in factor of safety for downstream side with respect to variation in berm width for existing dam section and relative factor of safety after providing variation in number of anchors and nails for strengthening of existing dam section with variation in length was computed and as shown in Table 4.
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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- December (2012), IAEME Table 4: Factor of safety for different conditions of dam section on Downstream side Factor of safety Length (For both Berm width) Condition of dam Nos of strengthening in (m) 5m 4m 3m Existing dam section With Anchors 3 5 9 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 2.43 2.33 2.67 2.75 3.25 2.39 2.5 2.25 2.35 2.41 2.56 2.35 2.42

With Nails

The variation in factor of safety for upstream side with respect to change in top and bottom berm width for existing dam section and relative factor of safety after providing variation in number of anchors and nails for strengthening of existing dam section considering water table condition with variation in length was computed and as shown in Table 5. Table 5: Factor of safety for various berm conditions on upstream side with strengthening Berm conditions Strengthening system Factor of safety Bottom berm Top berm Material Nos Length in Without With WT width in m width in m m WT 6 5 5 5 3 Anchor 4 6 1 Nail 2 3 4 5 2 Anchor 4 6 Nails 1 5
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2.50 2.48 5 5 5 5 5 5 2.57 2.61 2.71 2.55 2.64 2.69 2.45 5 5 5 5 5 2.53 2.62 2.69 2.45 2.52

2.45 2.43 2.52 2.56 2.66 2.46 2.46 2.46 2.40 2.48 2.57 2.63 2.40 2.45

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- December (2012), IAEME 7 3 5 2 4 Anchor 6 8 2 4 Nails 6 8 3 4 2 4 Anchor 6 8 2 4 Nail 6 8 3 3 2 Anchor 4 6 8 2 4 Nail 6 8 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2.44 2.44 2.37 2.45 2.54 2.61 2.65 2.37 2.37 2.41 2.41 2.39 2.39 2.32 2.40 2.48 2.52 2.57 2.32 2.32 2.35 2.35 5 5 5 5 2.65 2.73 2.41 2.41 2.59 2.65 2.36 2.36 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2.56 2.43 2.51 2.58 2.67 2.74 2.43 2.43 2.46 2.46 2.41 2.49 2.58 2.52 2.38 2.46 2.54 2.62 2.69 2.38 2.38 2.41 2.46 2.36 2.44 2.52

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 Technology (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- December (2012), IAEME July 4. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS From The results obtained the factor of safety against berm width was plotted and is as shown berm in figure below.

Fig.4.1: Plot between berm width and F.O.S. on downstream side

Fig.4.2: Plot shows variation of bottom berm width up to 3m with top berm width 5m.

Fig.4.3: Both berm width is up to 3m on up stream side. u From the above graph it was observed that the factor of safety deceases with decreasing in berm width. Various trials were performed to achieve design factor of safety by strengthening of dam with anchors and nails. The results obtained by considering the strengthening with anchor and nail for various berm widths are as shown Figure 4 and 4.5. 4.4
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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 Technology (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- December (2012), IAEME July

(a)For 4m berm width

(b)For 3m berm width Fig. 4.4: Effect of strengthening on factor of safety on downstream side of earth dam section. :

a) Plot shows variation of bottom berm width up to 3m with top berm width 5m.

b) Both berm width is up to 3m on up stream side. Fig. 4.5: Effect of Strengthening on Factor of Safety on Upstream Side Dam Section. :
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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, July- December (2012), IAEME By considering the combination of bottom berm width from 6m to 3m, and top berm width 5m to 3m, the factor of safety is increases after strengthening by anchoring and nailing. Table V. shows the variation however; It is observed that there is no variation in factor of safety after combination bottom berm width 3m and top berm width 5m (bottom berm width 3m and top berm width varies from 5m to 3m). Computer base stability analysis is gives us fast result but basic data required such as soil properties as well as properties and availability of strengthening material such as anchoring and nailing and other are to be calculated manually. This is very advantageous for comparative calculation of analysis by computer base and traditional method. 5. CONCLUSIONS Computer base analysis is comparatively easy to compute and check stability analysis. Variation in width of berm on upstream and downstream side of dam section is directly affected on factor of safety. It is conclude that by changing the berm width of earth dam the factor of safety can be restored by anchoring and nailing. The effect of anchoring and nailing on factor of safety is as shown in graph. Anchoring and nailing is not so effective in water impounded area of dam section. As per USBR recommends for earth dam section of 6m height required minimum 3m berm. By using software results less than 3m width berm with strengthening is not so satisfactory. There is no such improvement in increment of factor of safety. REFERENCES [1] Nermeen Albataineh, (2006) slope stability analysis using 2d and 3d methods. A thesis, 1-143. [2] S. M. Ali Zomorodian (2010) Effect of Horizontal Drains on Upstream Slope Stability During Rapid Drawdown Condition,International Journal Of Geology Issue 4, Volume 4, 1- 6. [3] Khanna Rajesh, Datta Manoj Ramana & G.V. (2011) Effect of Variation in Vertical Core Thickness on Stability Analysis of Earth and Rockfill Dams, International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering ISSN 0974-5904, Volume 04, No 06 SPL, 125-127.

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