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Mechanics Notes

This document discusses several topics related to structural analysis including: 1. Plastic and elastic section modulus calculations for beams. Ultimate moment capacity is also discussed. 2. Inelastic analysis methods for calculating total compressive and tensile forces in beams. 3. Consolidation theory equations for soil, including coefficients of consolidation and excess pore water pressure. 4. Approximate analysis methods for calculating shear and moments in beams and portals.

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41 views

Mechanics Notes

This document discusses several topics related to structural analysis including: 1. Plastic and elastic section modulus calculations for beams. Ultimate moment capacity is also discussed. 2. Inelastic analysis methods for calculating total compressive and tensile forces in beams. 3. Consolidation theory equations for soil, including coefficients of consolidation and excess pore water pressure. 4. Approximate analysis methods for calculating shear and moments in beams and portals.

Uploaded by

NKHICQ1mEbIw
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Plastic N.A.: = = d = distance from A1 centroid to A2 centroid Plastic section mod.

: = ymax = furthest y distance (up or down) Elastic section mod.: = Moment produces 1st yielding: = = Ultimate moment: Form factor = = = Centroid: ( ) = 275

Inelastic Analysis of Beams Total Compressive Force: = Total Tension Force: T =

Example I beam Af = area of a flange, h = total height = web + 2 flange heights Aw = area of web, b = width of flange = +2 (parallel axis theorem) Af Aw

( + ) (

, =

(parallel axis thm.) )

Consolidation Theory = =1

+ = 0.83% 0.83% < % < 6.7% +

0 < % < 0.83%

) = 825

) = 2750

Shear (normal) force: S =

Approximate Methods Vertical -assume: inflection points in girder at L/10 from nodes -assume: inflection points at center of columns Moment at ends for distr. load: =

Horizontal Portal

Coeff. Of consolidation: = , =

u = excess pore pressure = 2 2

- usually ignored, sum of shears = 0 Axial Forces = wL/2 for both sides Cantilever Vertical Equilibrium: F + F + + F =0 ( ) = = = = = = ( ) = ( ) , ,

( , For tD > 0.2: ( ) = ( )= ( )=1

) sin =1 1 2 ( ,

exp (

Lab Init. Specimen Height = HI = Hi - Hfp Init. Water cont. = (init. Tot mass vol solid)/(vol solid) Void ratio = (tot vol vol solid)/(vol solid) Vol solid = (mass dry soil) / (spec grav * density water) Deg satur. = spec grav * water content / void ratio Vert eff stress (when pore pressure is zero) = (applied load tare load +top cop & stone) / Area Vert strain = (meas axial deform. apparatus comp.) / Init specimen height Compressibility (av) = -void ratio / vertical stress Coeff. Of consolidation (cv) (root time) = 0.848 * (drainage height)2 / time for 90% consolidation Coeff. Of consolidation (log time) = 0.197 * Hd2 / time for 50% consolidation Drainage height computed at 50% consolidation for both cases Hydraulic conductivity = (coef. Of consol. * av * unit weight water) / (1 + void ratio) Rate of secondary compression (c) = change in strain per log cycle of time after primary is complete

Truss Beams Bending A = cross section Bending Moment, M=N*b e = elongation Diagonals carry no force Flexural Rigidity, EI Shear Rigidity, shear area times shear modulus, GAs = =2 ( ) = .5

Truss Beams Shear

=2 =2

= elongation of diag. , =

, =

Matrices Rotating:

= cos + sin = sin + cos = = cos sin sin cos

Linear Spring in 1-D = = = = =

2 Springs in Series + = 0

2 Springs in Parallel + ( + = ( + ) +

Springs in 2 Dimensions 0 0 0 0 = 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

= =

Concrete Mix Proportioning 1. Choose slump & max aggregate size (based on application) 2. Water content (weight/volume)- a function of slump, max aggregate size, whether you have entrained air. The same chart would also gives you % air by volume. 3. Water/Concrete ratio- a function of the average compressive strength you need and whether there is entrained air 3. Coarse aggregate, get a value for dry-rodded volume per volume, depends on max aggregate size and fineness modulus of your sand--use the specific dry-rodded gravity to get the weight/volume 4. Fine aggregate- add up all the other volumes, sand fills up the leftover 5. Adjust for moisture: % deviation from SSD x density= weight/unit volume extra water in the aggregates, add this to the aggregate mass, subtract it from the water Other random things: if it will be exposed to freeze-thaw, you need entrained air, superplasticizer increases slump Reinforced Concrete: = = .03 = Cracked c=cdr*de

Neutral Axis Locations (c): Steel Stiffness Ratio, Sr = Es/Ec dAc = (Sr-1)As ,As=area steel de=depth to center of bar from top Uncracked c =(w*d*d/2+dAc*de)/(w*d+dAc) Reinforcement area ratio, =As/(de*w) cdr=(Sr*Sr**+2Sr*)^.5-Sr*

Failure, Tension: c=As*s/(*c*w), s=yield strength of steel, c=strength concrete, and from figure M= =As*s*(de-*c) Failure, Compression: c =(-b'+(b'*b'+4*a'*b'*de)^0.5)/2/a' b' =As*ys*Es , ys =s/Es a'=*c*w M=*c*w*c*(de-*c) Max Force =2M/a, a=distance to load point

Beam/Matrix Example

From slope-deflection equations: 2 (2 + 3 ), = 2 ( + 2 3 ) = From global equilibrium: + + =0 & = = 6 6 ( ( + + )+ )+ 12 + (

w w L If we add axial deformation: 0 0 0 12 0

12 6

12 6

12

=0

12 12 6

= 6 2

12

X 0 0 X 0 0

X 0 0

6 4

X = new element Shaded = old elements from left


0 0

X 0 0

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