DEGREE OF APPROXIMATION OF CONJUGATE SIGNALS (FUNCTIONS)

BELONGING TO Lip (, p) -CLASS BY (C, 1)(E, q) MEANS OF CONJUGATE

Abstract
In this paper we determine the degree of approximation of conjugate of 2
periodic signals (functions) belonging to Lip(, p)(0 < 1) class by using
Ces`aro-Euler (C, 1)(E, q) means of their conjugate trigonometric Fourier series. Our
result generalizes result of Lal and Singh [3] for 0 < 1, p 1.

1.Introduction
Let

n=0
u
n
be a given innite series with sequence of its n
th
partial sum {s
n
}.
The sequence-to-sequence transform
C
1
n
=
1
n + 1
n

k=0
s
k
n = 0, 1, 2, ..., (1)
denes the Ces`aro means of order 1 of {s
n
}. The series

n=0
u
n
is said to be (C, 1)
summable to s if lim
n
C
1
n
= s. The sequence-to-sequence transform
E
q
n
=
1
(1 + q)
n
n

k=0
_
n
k
_
q
nk
s
k
, q > 0, n = 0, 1, 2, ..., (2)
denes the Euler means of order q > 0 of {s
n
}. By super imposing the (C, 1) means
on (E, q) means of s
n
, we get (C, 1)(E, q) means of s
n
denoted by C
1
n
E
q
n
and dened
by
C
1
n
E
q
n
=
1
n + 1
n

k=0
E
q
k
. (3)
The series

n=0
u
n
is said to be (C, 1)(E, q) summable to s. If
lim
n
C
1
n
E
q
n
= s.
For a given 2 periodic Lebesgue integrable signal (function), let
s
n
(f; x) =
a
0
2
+
n

k=1
(a
k
cos kx + b
k
sin kx)
n

k=0
u
k
(f; x), (4)
AMS Subject Classication. 41A10.
Keywords. Conjugate Fourier series, Lip(, p)-Class, (C, 1)(E, q) means.
1
denotes the partial sum, called trigonometric polynomial of degree n (or order n),
of rst (n + 1) terms of Fourier series of fL
1
[, ]. The s
n
(f; x) denote the n
th
partial sum of the conjugate of Fourier series of f dened by
s
n
(f; x) =
n

k=1
(b
k
cos kx a
k
sin kx)
n

k=1
v
k
(f; x), (5)
The conjugate of f denoted by

f is dened by
2

f(x) = lim
0
_

(t)cot(t/2)dt,
where (t) = f(x + t) f(x t) [11].
A function fLip, if
|f(x + t) f(x)| = O(|t|

).
and fLip(, p) if
__
2
0
|f(x + t) f(x)|
p
dx
_
1/p
= O(t

) 0 < 1, p 1,
The L
p
norm is dened by
f
p
=
__
2
0
|f(x)|
p
dx
_
1/p
, p 1.
The L

norm is dened by
f

= sup{|f(x)| : xR}.
The degree of approximation E
n
(f) of a function fLip(, p) by a trigonometric
polynomial T
n
(x) is given by
E
n
(f) = min
n
f(x) T
n
(x)
p
.
This method of approximation is called trigonometric Fourier approximation (tfa).
We also write
M
n
(t) =
n

k=0
1
(1 + q)
k
k

v=0
_
k
v
_
q
kv
cos(v + 1/2)t, = [1/t], the integral part of 1/t.
2. Known Result
Recently Lal and Singh [3] has determined the degree of approximation of conjugate
of fLip(, p) class, for 0 < 1, p 1 through (C, 1)(E, 1) means of its
conjugate trigonometric Fourier series. He proved the following:
Theorem 1. [3] If f : R R is a 2 periodic and Lip(, p) function then the
degree of approximation of its conjugate function

f(x), (C, 1)(E, 1) product means
of conjugate series of Fourier series of f satises, for n = 0, 1, 2, ...,
M
n
(

f) = Min(CE)
1
n

f
p
= O(n
+1/p
), (6)
2
where
(CE)
1
n
=
1
n + k
n

k=0
_
1
2
k

i=0
_
k
i
_
S
i
_
,
is (C, 1)(E, 1) means of series (5).
3. Main Result
Various investigators such as Quade [10] and Mittal et al. ([5], [6]) have determine
the degree of approximation through trigonometric Fourier series. Many authors
such as Qureshi ([8], [9]) and Mittal et al.[4] also determine the degree of approxi-
mation of the functions through their conjugate trigonometric Fourier series. Dhakal
[1] and Nigam [7] have determine the degree of approximation for conjugate Fourier
series using product means (N, p
n
)(E, 1) and (C, 1)(E, 1), respectively. Recently
Lal [3] has determine the degree of approximation of conjugate of fLip(, p) by
(C, 1)(E, 1) means of conjugate series of Fourier series of f. In this paper, we gen-
eralize the result of Lal [3] for (C, 1)(E, q) means. We prove:
Theorem 2. Let f be a 2 periodic, Lebesgue integrable and belonging to the
Lip(, p), p 1 class, then the degree of approximation of

f(x), conjugate of f by
(C, 1)(E, q) means of its Fourier series is given by
C
1
n
E
q
n

f
p
= O(n
+1/p
) n > 0, (7)
provided
_
_
/n
0
(|(t)|/t

)
p
dt
_
1/p
= O(1), (8)
__

/n
_
t

|(t)|/t

_
p
dt
_
1/p
= O(n

). (9)
Remark 1. The author has used conditions (8) and (9) in the proof of Theorem 1,
but not mentioned in the statements.
Corollary 1. When q = 1, then (C, 1)(E, q) means reduces to (C, 1)(E, 1) means.
Hence Theorem 2 reduces to Theorem 1.
Corollary 2. If f : R R is a 2 periodic, Lebesgue integrable and belonging
to the Lip class, then the degree of approximation of

f(x), conjugate of f(x)Lip,
with 0 < 1 by (C, 1)(E, q) means of its Fourier series is given by
C
1
n
E
q
n

= O(n

) n > 0.
Proof of corollary. If p in Theorem 2 then, for 0 < < 1,
C
1
n
E
q
n

f(x)

= O(n

).
4.Lemmas
We need the following lemmas for the proof of our theorem.
3
Lemma 1. | M
n
(t) |= O(n + 1), for 0 < t /n.
Proof. For 0 t /n, we have
| M
n
(t) | =

k=0
1
(1 + q)
k
k

v=0
__
k
v
_
q
kv
cos(v + 1/2)t
_

k=0
1
(1 + q)
k
k

v=0
_
k
v
_
q
kv
= O(n + 1).
Lemma 2. | M
n
(t) |= O(1/t) + O(n + 1), for /n < t .
Proof.
| M
n
(t) |

k=0
1
(1 + q)
k
k

v=0
_
k
v
_
q
kv
e
i(v+1/2)t

k=0
1
(1 + q)
k
k

v=0
_
k
v
_
q
kv
e
i(v+1/2)t
+
n

k=
1
(1 + q)
k
k

v=0
_
k
v
_
q
kv
e
i(v+1/2)t

k=0
1
(1 + q)
k
k

v=0
_
v
k
_
q
kv

e
i(v+1/2)t

+
n

k=
1
(1 + q)
k
k

v=0
_
v
k
_
q
kv

e
i(v+1/2)t

k=0
1
(1 + q)
k
k

v=0
_
v
k
_
q
kv
+
n

k=
1
(1 + q)
k
k

v=0
_
v
k
_
q
kv
= O() + O(n + 1) = O() + O(n + 1) = O(1/t) + O(n + 1).
5. Proof of Theorem 2
We have
s
n
(f; x)

f(x) =
1
2
_

0
(t)
cos(n + 1/2)t
sin(t/2)
dt.
Now denoting (C, 1)(E, q) transform of s
n
(f, x) by C
1
n
E
q
n
, we write
C
1
n
E
q
n

f(x) =
1
2(n + 1)
_
n

k=0
1
(1 + q)
k
_

0
(t)
sin(t/2)
k

v=0
_
k
v
_
q
kv
cos(v + 1/2)tdt
_
=
_
_
/n
0
+
_

/n
_
1
(n + 1)
(t)
t
M
n
(t)dt
= I
1
+ I
2
, say, (10)
using Holder inequality, using Lemma 1 and condition (8),
| I
1
| =
1
n + 1

_
/n
0
(t)
t
M
n
(t)dt

1
n + 1

lim
0
_
/n

((t)/t

)(t

M
n
(t)/t)dt

1
n + 1
__

0
(| (t) | /t

)
p
_
1/p
_
lim
0
_
/n

(t

| M
n
(t) | /t)
q
dt
_
1/q
= O(n
1
)
_
lim
0
_
/n

(nt

/t)
q
dt
_
1/q
= O(1)
_
lim
0
_
/n

(t
1
)
q
dt
_
1/q
= O(1)
_
n
+11/q

= O
_
n
+1/p
_
. (11)
Now, using Lemma 2,
| I
2
| =
1
n + 1
__

/n
| (t) |
t
|M
n
(t)|dt
_
=
1
n + 1
__

/n
| (t) |
t
[O(1/t) + O(n + 1)]dt
_
= O
_
1
n + 1
___

/n
| (t) |
t
2
dt
_
+ O
__

/n
| (t) |
t
dt
_
= O(I
21
) + O(I
22
), say, (12)
using Holders inequality, and condition (9), we have
| I
21
| = O
_
1
n + 1
___

/n
(t

| (t) | /t

).(t

/t

t
2
)dt
_
O
_
1
n + 1
___

/n
(t

| (t) | /t

)
p
dt
_
1/p
__

/n
(t

/t
+2
)
q
dt
_
1/q
= O
_
1
n + 1
___

/n
(t

| (t) | /t

)
p
dt
_
1/p
__

/n
(t

/t
+2
)
q
dt
_
1/q
= O
_
1
n + 1
_
(n

)
__

/n
(t

/t
+2
)
q
dt
_
1/q
= O(n
1
)
__

/n
(t

/t
+2
)
q
dt
_
1/q
= O(n
1
)
__

/n
(t
+2
)
q
dt
_
1/q
= O(n
1
)(n
+21/q
)
= O(n
+11/q
) = O(n
+1/p
), (13)
since p
1
+ q
1
= 1.
Similarly, as above, we have
| I
22
| =
__

/n
| (t) |
t
dt
_
5
=
__

/n
(t

| (t) | /t

)(t

/t

t)dt
_
=
__

/n
(t

| (t) | /t

)
p
dt
_
1/p
__

/n
(t

/t
1
)
q
dt
_1/q
=
__

/n
(t

| (t) | /t

)
p
dt
_
1/p
__

/n
(t

/t
1
)
q
dt
_1/q
= O(n

)
__

/n
(t

/t
1
)
q
dt
_
1/q
= O(n

)
__

/n
(t
1+
)
q
dt
_
1/q
= O(n

)(n
+11/q
) = O(n
+1/p
). (14)
Combining from (10)-(14), we have
C
1
n
E
q
n

f(x)
p
=
__
2
0
| C
1
n
E
q
n

f(x) |
p
dx
_
1/p
= O(n
+1/p
).
This completes the proof of Theorem 2.
References
1. Dhakal, B. P., Approximation of the conjugate of a function belonging to the W(L
p
, (t)) class by (N, pn)(E, 1)
means of the conjugate series of the Fourier series, Kathmandu University J. Sci. Eng. Tech., 5 (II) (2009),
30-36.
2. Hardy, G. H., Divergent series, Oxford University Press, 1949.
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conjugate series of a Fourier series, Tamkang J. Math., 33 (3) (2002), 269-274.
4. Mittal, M. L., Singh, U., Mishra, V. N., Priti, S., Mittal, S.S., Approximation of functions belonging to
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Lip(, p) using trigonometric polynomials, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 326 (2007), 667-676.
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J. Appl. Math. Computations, 217 (2011), 4483-4489.
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series, Tamkang J. Math., 12 (1981), 35.
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