Scribd
Upload
160 views3 pages

Introduction To Linguistics Chapter 14 Sociolinguistics

Sociolinguistics analyzes the relationship between linguistic differences and social differences. There are many factors that contribute to linguistic diversity within a society, including geographical location, socioeconomic status, age, sex, ethnicity, and social class. Dialects are regional varieties of a language that can differ in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation from the standardized version of that language. Slang terms are also a form of linguistic diversity that are ephemeral and not generally accepted.

Uploaded by

Rantti Anwar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
160 views3 pages

Introduction To Linguistics Chapter 14 Sociolinguistics

Sociolinguistics analyzes the relationship between linguistic differences and social differences. There are many factors that contribute to linguistic diversity within a society, including geographical location, socioeconomic status, age, sex, ethnicity, and social class. Dialects are regional varieties of a language that can differ in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation from the standardized version of that language. Slang terms are also a form of linguistic diversity that are ephemeral and not generally accepted.

Uploaded by

Rantti Anwar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

RANTI FITRI ANWAR / 1106033 NK-1

INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTICS CHAPTER 14 SOCIOLINGUISTICS


Sociolinguistics is concerned not only with the description of such diversity but also with the analysis of how linguistic differences are related to sociological differences among individuals. Diversity in Language and Society These people, who used different parts of England: London, small towns and rural areas. English settled in various parts of the eastern section of what was to become the United States, they brought their diversity of language with them: an as colonial settlements in America expanded, the speech forms of the colonialists descendants changed increasing the diversity. Nevertheless, everyone recognizes that there are social and class differences among people. These classes are not clearly defined in the United States as they are in such countries as Great Britain. Thus, when we speak of such groups as the working class or the upper middle class in America, we are actually referring to a group of individuals who share similar socioeconomic characteristics, such as income, occupation, and education. Other factors like age, sex, ancestry ethnic group and geographical location further help define an individuals position in America society. Linguistic Geography United States would all be naming the same basic sandwich, but they would have differences name for it, depending on where were they from, for example, Philadelphians use the term hoagie. We might say that the names for many things are geographically determined.

RANTI FITRI ANWAR / 1106033 NK-1


At the end of the nineteenth century, some linguists became preserving a record of distinctions in the names for things. Linguistic atlases trace different word usages, such as the means for telling time and the pronunciation of particular words. A linguistic geographer can draw lines called isoglosses that mark boundaries within which one word or pronunciation is typical. Such analysis by linguistic geographers attempt to correlate linguistic facts with non linguistic at lasses provide only a limited form of sociolinguistic description.

Dialect Differences Dialect is a regional variety of language that may differ from other varieties of the language in features of its vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. In the United States, Black English or the speech of lower middle class residents of Brooklyn are treated as examples of dialects. These dialects are considered nonstandard with respect to Standard English, which is the dialect of American English used by many leaders in government, business, and education and heard over most of the national broadcast media. Some differences between Standard English and Black English. Some features of Black. No 1 2 3 4 5 Standard English nice [nays] tin, ten [tin], [tn] death [d] door [dr] Black English nice [na:s] tin, ten [tin], tn] death [df] door [dor] Relevant Difference No diphthongization of vowel No contrast of /i/ and // before nasals [] changes to [f] when in word final position Final r deleted; preceding vowel [o] is consequently raised

he lost a friend [hi he lost a friend [hi Simplification of certain consonant clusters lost ^ frnd los ^ frin]

Lingua Franca, Pidgins, and Creoles When two or more people who do not normally speak the same language adopt a commonly agreed on language for communication, this language is called a lingua franca.

RANTI FITRI ANWAR / 1106033 NK-1


The pidgin is a lingua franca for the two groups, neither of which speaks the pidgins as a native or first language. A pidgin is considered a minimal language because of its limited linguistic capacity. A pidgin becomes the native or first language of a new generation of speakers. At that point, the language is termed a creole. Slang Slang is another word that is difficult to define but expresses a concept that is understood by almost everyone; probably the fundamental quality of a slang term is that it is not generally accepted. Slang terms are usually ephemeral and quickly forgotten. Slang words may come about by combining old words into a new word, by assigning a new meaning to an old word, by introducing a completely new word, or by abbreviating an old word and giving it a new meaning. The Correlation of Social Patterns and Linguistic Data A more complete approach to sociolinguistics correlates linguistic variables with such sociological factors as socioeconomic class, age, ethnic group and orientation toward the community. Although the standard interpretive theory of transformational generative grammar deals with an ideal speaker / hearer in a homogeneous speech community, many sociolinguistics have revised this aspect of the theory by attempting to write grammars that describe the ;anguage variation in the speech community as a whole.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy