Candidate

Centre Number Number

Candidate Name

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE LOCAL EXAMINATIONS SYNDICATE

General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

CHEMISTRY 5070/2
PAPER 2 Theory
Friday 18 JUNE 1999 Morning 1 hour 30 minutes

Additional materials:
Answer paper
Electronic calculator and/or Mathematical tables

TIME 1 hour 30 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page and on
any separate answer paper used.
Section A
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper.
Section B
Answer any three questions.
Where lined pages are provided at the end of the question paper, write your answers on these and
continue on separate answer paper.
At the end of the examination, fasten any separate answer paper used securely to the question paper.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question
or part question.
Mathematical tables are available.
FOR EXAMINER’S USE
You may use a calculator.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 16. Section A

B7

B8

B9

B10

TOTAL

This question paper consists of 13 printed pages and 3 lined pages.

SB ( SC) QF92363/3
© UCLES 1999 [Turn over
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Section A

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

The total mark for this section is 45.

A1 Choose from the following gases to answer the questions below.

ammonia carbon dioxide carbon monoxide chlorine

hydrogen nitrogen oxygen sulphur dioxide

Each gas can be used once, more than once, or not at all.

Name a gas which

(a) is used to bleach wood pulp,

..............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) is used in the manufacture of margarine,

..............................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) is formed at the cathode when concentrated aqueous sodium chloride is electrolysed
using carbon electrodes,

..............................................................................................................................................[1]

(d) changes acidified potassium dichromate(VI) from orange to green.

..............................................................................................................................................[1]

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A2 The table gives information about some substances.

substance melting boiling electrical solubility in

point point conductivity water
copper high very high good insoluble

magnesium oxide very high very high poor insoluble

A high high poor soluble

B low low poor insoluble

C very high very high good insoluble

D high high poor insoluble

E low low poor very soluble

(a) Explain, in terms of its structure, how copper conducts electricity.

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) (i) Which one of the substances could be methane, CH4? ...........................................

(ii) Draw a ‘dot and cross’ diagram to show all the electrons in a methane molecule.

[3]

(c) Which one of the substances could be sodium chloride, NaCl? ..................................[1]

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(d) (i) Magnesium oxide has the same lattice structure as sodium chloride.
Draw the lattice structure of magnesium oxide.

(ii) Magnesium oxide has a very high melting point. Give one use of magnesium oxide
that depends on this property.

...............................................................................................................................[3]

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A3 Fertilisers provide essential elements for plant growth.

(a) Name the three main essential elements provided by fertilisers.

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Plants absorb ions through their roots. The table shows the pH at which the ions are
absorbed.

pH
ion
4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Al 3+ ✔ ✔ ✔

Ca2+ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

Fe3+ ✔ ✔ ✔

K+ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

Mg2+ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

NO3– ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

PO43– ✔ ✔ ✔

Zn2+ ✔ ✔ ✔

✔ = ion is absorbed.

(i) At what pH does a plant absorb all the ions listed in the table?

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) Which two ions are not absorbed in neutral conditions?

...................................................................................................................................

(iii) Aluminium ions are poisonous to plants.

Suggest why aluminium poisoning is more likely to occur in regions with acidic
rainfall.

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[3]

(c) (i) Give one reason why it is important to control the pH of soil.

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(ii) Name a compound that is used to increase the pH of acidic soil.

...............................................................................................................................[2]
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A4 Diagrams F to J show the structure of some organic compounds.

F G
H H H H H H H H

H C C C C H H C C C C OH

H H H H H H H H

H I
H H H H
O O
H C C H C C C C
OH OH
H H H H

J
H
O
H H
H C C
O C C H
H
H H

(a) (i) Give the letters of the two compounds that have the same molecular formula.

compounds ..............................................and ..........................................................

(ii) Which term describes compounds that have the same molecular formula but
different structures?

...................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Compound F has the molecular formula C4H10.

Draw the structure of another compound with this molecular formula.

[1]

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(c) Give the letters of two compounds that react together to form an ester.

compounds .....................................................and ......................................................[1]

(d) Give the letter of the compound formed by the oxidation of ethanol.

compound ....................... [1]

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A5 The table gives some properties of the elements in Group VII. The properties for astatine are
missing from the table.

atomic electronic melting boiling atomic

element
symbol structure point/°C point/°C radius/pm

fluorine F 2.7 –220 –188 64

chlorine Cl 2.8.7 [–101] –35 99

bromine Br 2.8.18.7 –7 59 114

iodine I 2.8.18.18.7 113 183 133

astatine At

(a) (i) Which halogen is a liquid at room temperature and pressure?

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) How many electrons does one atom of astatine have in its outer shell?

...................................................................................................................................

(iii) Predict the atomic radius of astatine.

..............................................................................................................................pm

(iv) Predict the state and colour of astatine at room temperature and pressure.

state ..........................................................................................................................

colour ........................................................................................................................

(v) Predict the molecular formula for astatine.

...............................................................................................................................[6]

(b) (i) Complete the following table that describes what happens when aqueous chlorine
is added to an aqueous metal halide.

aqueous observation names of products

halide
potassium colourless solution turns
bromide orange
potassium
iodide

(ii) Give the ionic equation for one of the above reactions.

...............................................................................................................................[4]

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(c) Chlorine will oxidise aqueous iron(II) chloride to form aqueous iron(III) chloride.

(i) Explain why this is a redox reaction.

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) Describe how aqueous sodium hydroxide can be used to show that the oxidation
has taken place.

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[3]

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A6 Potassium superoxide, KO2, is an ionic solid. It can be used in spacecraft to supply oxygen
according to the following equation.

4KO2(s) + 2H2O(l) → 4KOH(s) + 3O2(g)

The potassium hydroxide formed removes carbon dioxide.

(a) Show that 1.0 g of potassium superoxide will supply about 0.25 dm3 of oxygen at room
temperature and pressure.

[3]

(b) (i) Name the compound formed when carbon dioxide reacts with solid potassium
hydroxide.

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) Give the equation for the formation of this compound.

...................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) Supplies of oxygen in hospitals are stored in cylinders.

(i) State one other use for oxygen.

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) Describe briefly how oxygen is obtained from air.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[3]

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Section B

Answer three questions from this section. The total mark for this section is 30.

Write your answers on the lined pages that follow.

B7 Ethene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

(a) What is meant by the term unsaturated? [1]

(b) Ethene is made by the cracking of long chain hydrocarbon molecules such as C16H34.

Construct an equation to illustrate the cracking of C16H34, to make ethene and another
hydrocarbon as the only products. [1]

(c) Ethene is bubbled through aqueous bromine to form 1,2-dibromoethane.

What would you observe during the reaction? [2]

(d) Give the name of the product and the conditions needed for the reaction of ethene with water.
[2]

(e) Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide, measured at room temperature and pressure,
produced by the complete combustion of 1.40 g of ethene. [3]

(f) Ethene can be made into poly(ethene).

Draw the structure of poly(ethene). [1]

B8 (a) Under what conditions does water react with

(i) sodium,
(ii) magnesium?

In each case, name the products formed.

[4]

(b) Water supplies are obtained from rivers, boreholes and reservoirs. The water must be treated
before use.

Describe and explain the two main processes in the purification of water supplies. [4]

(c) Water supplies that have passed through iron pipes contain iron(II) ions, Fe2+, and iron(III)
ions, Fe3+.

In the presence of air iron(II) ions are slowly changed to iron(III) ions.

Construct the equation for the reaction between iron(II) ions, hydrogen ions, H+, and oxygen
to form iron(III) ions and water. [2]

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B9 In the Contact process for the manufacture of sulphuric acid, sulphur dioxide is converted into
sulphur trioxide.

2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) ∆H = –98 kJ mol–1

(a) This reaction reaches a dynamic equilibrium.

Explain what is meant by the term dynamic equilibrium. [2]

(b) A mixture of sulphur dioxide, oxygen and sulphur trioxide was allowed to reach equilibrium,
then the temperature was raised.

Predict the effect of raising the temperature on

(i) the composition of the equilibrium mixture,

(ii) the rate of reaction.

Explain your answers. [4]

(c) Describe how you would prepare a pure dry sample of sodium sulphate starting with dilute
sulphuric acid. [4]

B10 Aluminium is manufactured from aluminium oxide.

Aluminium oxide is dissolved in molten cryolite and this solution is electrolysed.

(a) Name the gas formed at the anode and describe a test to identify the gas. [2]

(b) Write equations for the reactions at the

(i) cathode,
(ii) anode.
[2]

(c) The table shows how various factors affect the mass of aluminium made in a factory.

temperature of mass of aluminium

current used/kA time/days
electrolyte/°C made/tonnes
1000 60 1 1

1000 120 1 2

1250 120 1 2

1000 60 2 2

(i) Use the information in the table to deduce which factor does not affect the mass of
aluminium made.
(ii) Predict the mass of aluminium made in 2 days if a current of 180 kA is passed through
the electrolyte at 1000 °C.
[2]
(d) Iron is manufactured from haematite, an oxide of iron.

(i) Briefly describe the manufacture of iron from haematite.

(ii) Explain why aluminium is extracted by electrolysis whereas iron is not.
[4]
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 DATA SHEET
The Periodic Table of the Elements
Group
I II III IV V VI VII 0
1 4
H He
Hydrogen Helium
1 2

7 9 11 12 14 16 19 20
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulphur Chlorine Argon
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
16

85 88 89 91 93 96 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131

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Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

133 137 139 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
55 56 57 * 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

226 227

Fr Ra Ac
Francium Radium Actinium
87 88 89 †

140 141 144 150 152 157 159 162 165 167 169 173 175
*58-71 Lanthanoid series
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
†90-103 Actinoid series Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
a a = relative atomic mass 232 238
Key X X = atomic symbol Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
b b = proton (atomic) number 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).