Ward Hunt Goodenough

Ward Hunt Goodenough (May 30, 1919 - June 9, 2013[1]) (/???d?na?/ GUUD-?-nuf) wa s a U.S.
Anthropologist, who has made contributions to kinship studies, linguist ic anthropology, cross-cultural studies, and cognitive anthropology. Contents 1 2 3 4 5 Biography and Major Works Main ideas and contributions Selected publications See also References
Biography and Major Works Goodenough was born May 30, 1919, in Cambridge Massachusetts, where his father w as graduate student at Harvard Divinity School. As a child his family moved betw een Europe and Germany as his father conducted research on a Ph.D. As a result G oodenough developed an early interest in German and languages in general. He beg an attending Groton School in 1932. In 1937 he began studying at Cornell Univers ity. He majoring in Scandinavian languages and literature, but was also influenc ed by the psychologist Leonard S. Cottrell, Jr. and the anthropologist Lauriston Sharp. He earned a B.A. in 1940, and decided to pursue graduate study in anthro pology. He enrolled in graduate school at Yale University, but his studies were interrupted by World War II. During the war, Goodenough worked under Samuel Stou ffer in the Research unit of the Information and Education Division of the War D epartment, among other positions. During this period he developed expertise in q uantitative research methods as well as clinical social psychology.[2]:6-8. After the war, Goodenough returned to Yale. There, he was a student of George Pe ter Murdock, who supervised his dissertation. He also took classes with Bronisla w Malinowski and Ralph Linton. In 1947, Goodenough became part of the team of re searchers involved in the Coordinated Investigation of Micronesian Anthropology, a large-scale project led by Murdock and funded by the Office of Naval Research . Murdock's assignment was the study of social behavior and religion.[3]:3. He d id fieldwork on Chuuk Lagoon with Murdock for seven months in 1947. This researc h was designed to provide the American government basic information about Micron esia, which it had acquired from the Japanese at the end of the war. It also bec ame a central moment in the history of Micronesian studies and became the start of modern ethnography in that area. Goodenough completed his Ph.D., entitled "A Grammar of Social Interaction" in 19 49. It was later reworked and published as Property, Kin, and Community on Truk. Marshall and Caughey describe it as "the premier publication resulting from CIM A, one of the enduring classics of Pacific ethnography"[2]:9. From 1948 to 1949, Goodenough held a teaching position in Anthropology at the University of Wiscon sin Madison. He moved to the University of Pennsylvania in 1949, where he remained until his retirement in 1989. In 1951 conducted additional fieldwork in Kiribat i, and in 1954 he organized a group of his graduate students on a collaborative ethnographic investigation of New Britain, in Papua New Guinea. This included an thropologists such as Ann Chowning and Charles Valentine and Edith Valentine.[2] :10. In the mid-fifties Goodenough earned a reputation as a key anthropological theor ist. In papers like "Componential Analysis and the Study of Meaning" he pioneere d a scientifically rigorous study of culture. But he was active on other fronts as well. His long volume Cooperation in Change: An Anthropological Approach to C ommunity Development (1963) was an important contribution to applied anthropolog y, and he also completed a textbook entitled Culture, Language, and Society (198 1). In 1968 he was invited to give the Lewis Henry Morgan lectures, one of the h ighest honors in American anthropology, which were later published as Descriptio n and Comparison in Cultural Anthropology. Throughout his career Goodenough cont
inued to produce specialist ethnographic works on Micronesia, most notably a Tru kese-English Dictionary (1990) and a monograph on pre-Christian religious tradit ions on Chuuk entitled Under Heaven's Brow (2002). As he matured Goodenough continued to gain in eminence and received additional h onors and awards. He served as the President of the Society for Applied Anthropo logy in 1963, was the editor of American Anthropologist (the top journal in Amer ican anthropology) from 1966-1970, was elected member of the Anthropology sectio n of the National Academy of Sciences in 1971, and was also the President of the Institute on Religion in an Age of Science in 1987[2]:11. He served as the depa rtment chair at Penn from 1976 to 1982. Goodenough has also held visiting positi ons at Cornell University, Swarthmore College, Bryn Mawr College, University of Hawaii, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, Yale University, Colorado College, the University of Rochester, and at St. Patrick s College in Ireland. Main ideas and contributions An expert on Chuukese kinship, his best known work is the development of a metho d for applying componential analysis to the study of kinship terminology, and hi s disagreements with David M. Schneider about the value of formal analyses of Ki nship terminology. He also developed Ralph Linton's Status/Role theory, also app lying a structural componential analysis. Selected publications 1951. Property, Kin and Community on Truk. Yale University Publications in A nthropology, No. 46. 1955. "A Problem in Malayo-Polynesian Social Organization." American Anthrop ologist 57:71-83. 1956. "Residence Rules." Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 12:22-37. 1956. "Componential Analysis and the Study of Meaning." Language 32(1):195-2 16. 1957. "Oceana and the Problem of Controls in the Study of Cultural and Human Evolution." Journal of the Polynesian Society 66:146-155. 1957. "Cultural anthropology and linguistics". In: Garvin, Paul L. (Hg.): Re port of the Seventh Annual Round table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Study . Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University, Monograph Series on Language and Ling uistics No. 9. P. 167 173 1964. (Editor) Explorations in Cultural Anthropology: Essays in Honor of Geo rge Peter Murdock. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. 1965. "Yankee Kinship Terminology: A Problem in Componential Analysis." In E .A. Hammel, ed., Formal Semantic Analysis, pp259 297. Special Publication, America n Anthropologist, vol. 67, no. 5, pt. 2. 1963. Cooperation in Change: An Anthropological Approach to Community Develo pment. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. 1970. Description and Comparison in Cultural Anthropology. Chicago: Aldine. 1971. Culture Language and Society. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Modular P ublications, No. 7. 2002. Under Heaven s Brow: Pre-Christian Religious Tradition in Chuuk. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, Volume 246. Philadelphia: American Philo sophical Society. 2003. "In Pursuit of Culture." Annual Review of Anthropology 32:1-12.

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Ward Hunt Goodenough (May 30, 1919 - June 9, 2013[1]) (/???d?na?/ GUUD-?-nuf) wa s a U.S.

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