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    A Flow Assurance Challenge: Narve Aske, Statoil

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    Vinh Phamthanh
    This document discusses wax deposition in pipelines and strategies for wax control. It provides background on Statoil and outlines wax deposition challenges. Common wax control methods are pigging, insulation, heating and chemicals. For long distance multiphase pipelines, there is no proven way to universally control wax deposition. Statoil's ambition is to produce oil and gas anywhere in the Arctic by 2030, requiring solutions for wax management in cold environments.

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    A Flow Assurance Challenge: Narve Aske, Statoil

    Uploaded by

    Vinh Phamthanh
    107 views28 pages
    This document discusses wax deposition in pipelines and strategies for wax control. It provides background on Statoil and outlines wax deposition challenges. Common wax control methods are pigging, insulation, heating and chemicals. For long distance multiphase pipelines, there is no proven way to universally control wax deposition. Statoil's ambition is to produce oil and gas anywhere in the Arctic by 2030, requiring solutions for wax management in cold environments.

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    LysarkAske2007

    Original Title

    LysarkAske2007

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    This document discusses wax deposition in pipelines and strategies for wax control. It provides background on Statoil and outlines wax deposition challenges. Common wax control methods are pigging, insulation, heating and chemicals. For long distance multiphase pipelines, there is no proven way to universally control wax deposition. Statoil's ambition is to produce oil and gas anywhere in the Arctic by 2030, requiring solutions for wax management in cold environments.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    107 views28 pages

    A Flow Assurance Challenge: Narve Aske, Statoil

    Uploaded by

    Vinh Phamthanh
    This document discusses wax deposition in pipelines and strategies for wax control. It provides background on Statoil and outlines wax deposition challenges. Common wax control methods are pigging, insulation, heating and chemicals. For long distance multiphase pipelines, there is no proven way to universally control wax deposition. Statoil's ambition is to produce oil and gas anywhere in the Arctic by 2030, requiring solutions for wax management in cold environments.

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    Classification: Protected

    Status: Draft

    - A Flow Assurance Challenge

    Wax

    Narve Aske, Statoil

    Outline

    Statoil and Flow Assurance

    Wax deposition

    Wax control strategies

    The future

    This is Statoil
    Established in 1972 Partially privatized in 2001 2006 production: 1 135 000 OEBD 2006 income: 431 112 MNOK Represented in 34 countries About 25,600 employees Rapid international growth

    In Salah gas treatment plant in Algeria

    Represented in 34 countries

    USA

    Norway Sweden Estonia Latvia Denmark UK Russia Lithuania Ireland Poland Kazakhstan Belgium Germany Azerbaijan France Turkey Iran Algeria Libya Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates China

    Mexico Venezuela Nigeria

    Singapore Angola Brazil

    Largest operator on the NCS


    A world-class oil and gas province Statoil operates:

    48% of Norways
    oil production

    Harstad

    Halten/Nordland
    Growth area

    82% of Norways
    gas production

    22 oil and gas fields

    Tampen

    Matured area

    Stjrdal

    Bergen

    Troll/Sleipner
    Gas machine

    Core areas Stavanger Offices Fields operated by Statoil

    Field development concept evolution


    1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
    Accumulated length of multiphase flow lines [km]

    Tasks Phenomena
    Reservoir and wells

    Production

    PVT/fluid propereties Asphaltenes Scale Sands/solids Multiphase flow Sluggin Hydrates Waxes Emulsions Foam
    Flowlines and facilities

    Outline

    Statoil and Flow Assurance

    Wax deposition

    Wax control strategies

    The future

    Composition of petroleum fluids

    Fluid behaviour and control Enormous range and variety of components with regard to boiling point, molecular
    weight, polarity and carbon number

    Thousands of components from methane to large polycyclic compounds with


    atmospheric equivalent boiling points higher than 800C

    Molecular weights range from 16 g/mole up to several thousand g/mole Carbon numbers from 1 to at least 100 (for heavy oils probably about 200)

    10

    What is wax?
    Natural constituents of crude
    oils and most gas condensates

    n-alkane

    wax crystal

    Typical wax content 1-15 wt% Mostly long chain n-alkanes Solubility strongly dependent
    on temperature

    Operational consequences: Gelling Deposition

    11

    Wax-forming components in crude oils

    C10+

    Mainly n-alkanes

    Non-wax
    C7 C8 C9

    Wax

    Lab. analysis

    Pseudo-components

    12

    Wax precipitation curve


    Norne crude at 1 bar
    8 7

    Wt% solid wax

    6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50

    Temperature (C)

    13

    Wax diffusion towards cold surface


    Correlation or wax deposition measurement Heat transfer model

    n =

    !"
    i

    Di

    dCi dT

    dT dr

    Correlation or measurement

    Thermodynamic wax model or measurement

    Tells how fast dissolved wax molecules are transported towards the wall. Seems to be useful functional form to describe rate of deposition on the wall.

    14

    Wax deposition by molecular diffusion


    Laminar boundary layer Heat loss Turbulent core Temperature gradient WAT

    dT/dr
    Dissolved wax

    dC/dr = dC/dT * dT/dr


    Wax concentration gradient

    dC/dr
    Pipe wall

    Velocity profile

    15

    What happens in the pipeline?


    7 6 wax thickness (mm) 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Length (km)
    Wax after 1 day

    40

    Wax after 7 days

    35 Temperature (C) 30

    Wax after 2 days

    25 20 15

    Temperature

    10 5

    0 110 120

    16

    Outline

    Statoil and Flow Assurance

    Wax deposition

    Wax control strategies

    The future

    17

    Various pig types

    18

    Wax deposition challenges

    Stuck pigs HSE Inspection tools Plugged pipelines

    19

    Methods for controlling wax deposition


    PP-Solid

    Pipeline insulation External insulation coating on single pipes Pipe-in-pipe systems Pigging Chemicals Inhibitors Dispersants Dissolvers Hot oil flushing Heating Bundles Electric heating (primarily hydrate control)

    PP-Solid PP-Syntactic PP-Solid PP-Adhesive FBE

    PP-Foam

    Wax inhibition

    PPD treated oil; this work


    P P D t r e a t e d o i l ; t h i s w o r k

    20

    Wax control strategies


    1. Single phase oil/condensate pipelines:
    Wax control normally by regular pigging

    2. Medium length multiphase oil and gas condensate pipelines:


    Normally insulated (or heated) Prevents wax deposition and hydrate formation

    3. Long-distance multiphase pipelines:


    a) Low-wax gas condensates (Snhvit): Wax deposition will normally not be an issue
    FBE PP-Solid PP-Foam PP-Solid PP-Solid PP-Syntactic

    PP-Adhesive

    b) Oils and waxy gas condensates: No general, proven way to control wax deposition

    21

    Outline

    Statoil and Flow Assurance

    Wax deposition

    Wax control strategies

    The future

    22

    Ambition: Produce anywhere in the Arctic by 2030


    SGARD

    KIRKENES MURMANSK

    MELKYA NORDKINN

    SNHVIT

    SPITSBERGEN

    SHTOKMAN

    PECHORA SEA NOVAYA ZEMLYA VARANDEY KARA SEA

    YAMAL

    23

    Is cold flow the solution?

    24

    Thank you for your attention!

    Questions ?

    25

    Back-up

    26

    Importance of wax control


    2002: Vale on stream
    Huldra

    2003: Pressure increase


    Vale Vale Skirne
    Heimdal Export Pressure (bara)
    200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Courtesy: Hydro ASA Time (days) 400
    WAT (C) WAX in STO (wt%) Volume rate (Sm 3 /d) 3,2 4,2 1000 24,6 7,3 700 -22,3 0,5 300 13,1 4,9 2000 Heimdal Vale Huldra Mixture

    2004: Pigging program ! August: 6 pig stuck ! 32 m3 wax pumped back

    Heimdal

    Brae

    Statpipe

    27
    25

    Mar-05 Deposit thickness on wall (mm) 20

    Mar-06

    15

    Remediation actions time-consuming and challenging


    10 5

    Wax control strategy must be in place!


    0 20 000 40 000 60 000 80 000 100 000 120 000 Distance from Heimdal (m)

    2005: Chemical wax removal program 2006: Wax deposition layer increased (!) New pigging program launched, +50 pigs 2007: New stuck pig incident

    28

    Pigging for wax control


    Frequent pigging is a common method for wax control. The situation can very quickly get out of control if the pigging
    frequency is too low.

    Cleaning a blocked pipeline is time consuming if at all possible. Heimdal-Brae, more than 50 pigs used so far in a progressive
    pigging program...

    Several pipelines abandoned worldwide due to wax blockage. Selection of pig type will depend on both wax properties and
    operating parameters, and is currently more an art than a science.

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