4757 Tile Plant Road, P.O.

Box 69 New Lexington, Ohio 43764 phone: (800) 945-TILE fax: (740) 342-5229 http://www.ludowici.com

Installation
M A N U A
A Quality Brand of CertainTeed Corporation

SECOND
LRT-249

EDITION

C T

L I

A L

Y E

R O O F I N G
has been in existence for centuries. In the last few decades, clay tile roof installation techniques have been refined to protect your home while retaining the aesthetic, of-the-earth characteristics that make up the roofs appeal.

of-the-earth
The purpose of this manual is to provide technical information and installation instructions for Ludowici clay tiles. It is intended to serve as a guide for proper techniques for typical installations. Ludowici clay tile is a versatile roofing material and can be applied on complex, original design roofs. Installers are encouraged to contact Ludowici representatives for any question not covered in this manual. Some techniques may vary from region to region and other sound installation techniques may also be acceptable.

S e c t i o n I : Ludowici Roofing Tile

1. 2. 3.

....................................

1 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 11 13 14 18 19 20 21 21 21 22 24 25 26 27 29 29 31 31 32 32 33 33 37 37 39 39 40 41 41 42 43 47 51

Composition, Materials, and Special Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Types of Clay Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standard Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................................

S e c t i o n 2 : Before Getting Started

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Roof Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roof Deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Underlayment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fastening Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assemble All Tools and Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Storage, Handling, and Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Range of Tones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Color Blending with Different Color Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Snowguards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................

S e c t i o n 3 : Preparing the Roof

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Inspecting the Deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installing the Underlayment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ice Dam Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Measuring and Chalking the Roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Applying Cant Strips, Wood Nailers, and Battens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tile Distribution Over Deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cutting, Notching, and Drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................................

S e c t i o n 4 : Installing the Flashing

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Eave Flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rake Edge Flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flashing at Valleys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flashing at Vertical Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flashing at Open Valley at Main Roof to Dormer Juncture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flashing at Chimney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additional Flashing Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S e c t i o n 5 : Flat Shingle Tile Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Tile Cant Strips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hip and Ridge Stringers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Under Eave Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . First and Succeeding Courses of Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Points to Remember During Field Tile Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Valley Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ridge and Hip Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vertical Wall Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accessory Pieces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................

S e c t i o n 6 : Interlocking Tile Installation

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Hip and Ridge Stringers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Under Eave Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . First and Succeeding Courses of Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Points to Remember During Field Tile Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Valley Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ridge and Hip Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accessory Pieces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Celadon Ceramic Slate Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

C O N T E N T S

S e c t i o n 7 : French Interlocking Profile Tile Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. French Interlocking Profile Tile Cant Strips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hip and Ridge Stringers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . First and Succeeding Courses of Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Points to Remember During Tile Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Valley Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ridge and Hip Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accessory Pieces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................

53 53 54 55 55 56 57 58 61 62 62 63 63 63 63 64 64 65 65 69 69 70 70 70 72 72 72 73 74 79 79 79 80 81 82

S e c t i o n 8 : Spanish Tile (S-Tile) Installation

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

End Band Nailer Strips (Stringers) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hip and Ridge Stringers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eave Closure Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . First and Succeeding Courses of Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Top Fixture Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Points to Remember During Tile Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Valley Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ridge and Hip Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hip Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accessory Pieces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...............

S e c t i o n 9 : Pan and Cover (Mission) Tile Installation

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Nailer Strips (Stringers) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hip and Ridge Stringers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eave Closure Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . First and Succeeding Courses of Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Points to Remember During Tile Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Top Fixture Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Valley Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ridge and Hip Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accessory Pieces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S e c t i o n 1 0 : Tower Tile Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Preparing the Tower Deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installing the Underlayment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Measuring and Chalking the Tower Deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Applying Wood Stringers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installing the Tower Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S e c t i o n 1 1 : Special Applications
1. 2.

...................................

83 83 83 85 85 85 86 87

Alpine Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tropical Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...............

S e c t i o n 1 2 : Problem Spots and How to Avoid Them

1. 2. 3.

Wind Uplift at Eaves and Rakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ridge Cement, Underlayment and Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Broken Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S e c t i o n 1 3 : Self Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ludowici Roofing Tile

1 Composition, Materials, and Special Characteristics
Ludowici tile is manufactured from select Southeastern Ohio shale and fire clays. After mixing, the clay is extruded and pressed into shape. Glazing is applied and then the tile is kiln fired. The tile is incombustible with an extremely low moisture absorption rate, averaging 1%. All Ludowici clay roof tiles have a high breaking strength and meet or exceed the Grade 1 requirements of ASTM C 1167-96. Tiles are available in unglazed or a multitude of clay red, fire-flashed, designer or custom-glazed colors.

2 Types of Clay Tile

Flat Shingle Tile (non-interlocking flat or shingle) is designed to be laid in a double thickness, similar to wood shakes and slate. Ludowici produces several styles of flat tile, including Calais, Georgian, Norman, Provincial, Antique, Brittany, Colonial, Crude, and Flat Slab shingles. Pan and Cover Tile (also called barrel or mission) is installed in pairs of pieces, either straight or tapered, with one laid concave and the other convex. Pan and cover tiles come in a variety of styles, with overlapping features for a tight fit. Ludowici produces several styles of pan and cover tiles, including Greek, Italian, Roman, Palm Beach, Straight Barrel Mission, and Tapered Mission Tile.

Figure 1.1 Flat Slab Tile

Figure 1.4 Pan and Cover Tile

Interlocking Tile is laid in a single thickness with only a 3 course-to-course overlap. The sides are interlocked with channels or ribs. The heads (top of tile) and butts (bottom of tile) may also interlock. Ludowici produces several styles of interlocking tile, including Americana, Americana XL, Classic, Classic XL, Celadon, Lanai, Lanai XL, Williamsburg, Williamsburg XL, and Imperial.

Figure 1.2 Interlocking Flat Tile

One-Piece Spanish Tile (S-Tile) is laid in a single thickness with a course-to-course overlap. Ludowici produces several styles of S-tile. Most popular are the 13 1/4 and 18 3/8 Spanish Tile.

Figure 1.5 S-Tile

Tower Tile. Ludowici produces the unique, tapered tile, installed like pan and cover tile, designed for tower (radial) applications.

Interlocking Profile Tile. Like flat interlocking tile, this tile is laid in a single thickness with course-to-course overlap and side interlocks. The reinforcing ribs add strength and reduce the weight of this tile. Ludowici produces French Tile in this type.

Figure 1.6 Tower Tile

Figure 1.3 Interlocking Profile Tile

section

3 Standard Fittings
The following fittings are examples of those usually required for the perimeter of the roof. An Eave Closure or Under Eave Fitting at the eave End Bands, Gable Rakes and Top Fixtures Flat Shingle Short Top, Long Top and Header Course Ridge, Closed-Ridge End, Ridge/Hip Terminal at the ridge Ridge/Hip Terminal, Hip Roll, Hip Starter

Note: Not all fittings are shown.

Figure 1.7 Eave Closure (Straight Barrel Mission Tile)

Figure 1.8 Under Eave Fitting (Interlocking)

Figure 1.9 End Band (Spanish)

Figure 1.10 End Band (Interlocking)

Figure 1.11 Right Gable Rake (Interlocking)

Figure 1.12 Top Fixture (Spanish)

Figure 1.13 V-Hip and Ridge

Figure 1.14 206 Ridge

Figure 1.15 118 & 211 Hip & Ridge Terminal

Figure 1.16 102 Hip Roll

Figure 1.17 CC Hip Starter (Used with Circular Cover)

In addition to the standard fittings, Ludowici produces a variety of ornamental and functional fittings. Some of these are: Eave Fittings closed eave, beveled eave Gable Fittings flared gable tile and deep flange gable rake Ridge Fittings ventilating ridge, ridge cut-off, deck mould raised flange, ridge angle, ridge tee, ridge cross, ornamental gable terminal, ornamental ridge/hip terminal Hip Fittings chamfered cut hip, ornamental hip starter, bonnet hip plates Valley Fittings closed valley and cut valley Cone apex or hip convergence finial

Figure 1.18 Flower & Leaf (Ornamental) Hip Starter (End View)

Before Getting Started

1 Roof Slope
Ludowici Roof Tile recommended minimum slope requirements are 3:12, 4:12, or 5:12, depending on style (see Chart 2.1). No clay tile roofs are to be installed below a roof slope of 3:12. There is no maximum slope requirement for tile roofs (except Tower Tile with a maximum of 18:12). However, on extremely steep (above 19:12) or vertical applications, wind current may cause the tiles to rattle. To avoid this, set the butt of each tile with a bead of sealant where it will not be seen. Wind clips placed under each tile should be used with the sealants. See Silicone Sealant Recommendations on Page 8. Chart 2.1: Recommended Minimum* Slope Requirements Tile Name Flat Shingle Tiles** Antique Brittany Calais Colonial Crude Flat Slab Shingle Georgian Norman Provincial Interlocking Tiles Americana, Americana XL Celadon Classic, Classic XL Imperial Lanai, Lanai XL Williamsburg, Williamsburg XL Interlocking Profile Tiles French S-Tiles** Spanish 13 1/4 and 18 3/8 Pan and Cover Tiles** Greek Italian Palm Beach Roman Straight Barrel Mission 14 1/4, 16 and 18 3/8 Tapered Mission Tower Tiles*** Slope 5:12 5:12 5:12 5:12 5:12 5:12 5:12 5:12 5:12 3:12 3:12 3:12 3:12 3:12 3:12 3:12 4:12 4:12 5:12 5:12 4:12 5:12 5:12 3:12

IMPORTANT: On low pitches, from 3:12 to the standard recommended product minimums, it is required to apply a self-adhering modified bitumen membrane or waterproofing underlayment, such as CertainTeed WinterGuard, on the entire deck. Adequate ventilation will be required.

Note: For technical questions not answered in this publication, please contact our Technical Service Department at (800) 945-TILE (8453).

*For standard underlayment installation. **These tile types can be reduced to 3:12 by using waterproofing underlayment (see Important box). ***Requires waterproofing membrane for all roof slopes.

section

2 Weight
Proper roof framing is required to carry the weight of a tile roof. The weight of one square (100 sq. ft.) of tile will range from 600 pounds to over 1,900 pounds (see Chart 2.2). The weight of the roof tile is determined by the type and size of the tile, and the exposure of each course of tile. Reducing the exposure of the tile will increase the roof load. The weight of the underlayment, fastening system, roof accessories, and trim tile also needs to be considered when determining the total weight. Check dead load allowances of the applicable local building code. It is recommended that the structural design of the roof be evaluated by a registered engineer to determine that it can support the load and most building codes require the engineering review. Getting a written letter of approval is suggested and may be required by local building codes. If the installation is in a region of seismic activity or heavy wind load, local building codes must be consulted for additional requirements. IMPORTANT: Weights of actual tile may vary by +/- 10% of the average weight. Structural loads should be determined using the average weight multiplied by a factor of 1.10.

Chart 2.2: Average Weight of Tiles per Square (Maximum Exposure) Tile Name Average Weight Pieces per Square (lbs.) per Square

Flat Shingle Tiles Antique 1,650 412 Brittany 1,900 412 Calais 1,600 317 Colonial 1,800 310 Crude 1,935 480 3 Flat Slab /8 1,300 480 5/8 1,780 480 Georgian 1,600 276 Norman 1,600 317 Provincial 1,575 317 Interlocking Tiles Americana, Americana XL 800, 750 158, 109 Celadon 660 109 Classic, Classic XL 800, 750 158, 109 Imperial 860 129 Lanai, Lanai XL 800, 750 158, 109 Williamsburg, Williamsburg XL 800, 750 158, 109 Interlocking Profile Tiles French 1,025 133 S-Tiles Spanish 13 1/4 900 171 18 3/8 800 114 Pan and Cover Tiles Greek 1,550 240 Italian 945-1,340* 156-260 Palm Beach 1,100 163 Roman 1,550 240 Straight Barrel Mission 1,165-1,250* 163-225 Tapered Mission 1,230-1,300* 212-246 Tower Tiles Provided upon request - is specific to tower system *Various possible weights, dependent upon tile size and/or combination of pans and covers used. Please consult the factory or local sales representative for average weight. See Page 16 for specifics.

3 Roof Deck
A design standard for roofing decks is to have a maximum deflection of L/240 between supports. A deck will be exposed to live and dead loads. A live load is one that will only be exerting pressure on the roof deck for a short time. Example: Snow or wind loads. A dead load is one that will exert a constant pressure to the roof deck ie., underlayments, tile and battens. For Board Plank Deck: Well-seasoned plank board (1 full thickness, maximum 6 nominal width) that is not prone to warping, cupping or twisting. For Plywood Deck: APA rated plywood is required for a minimum of 3/4 thick wood decking and must be rated for structural use as roof sheathing. The expansion crack between panels shall be at least 1/16 but no greater than 1/8. H-clips are to be used when rafters are spaced greater than 16 on center, to hold the side joints of the plywood together between supports. Unsupported end joints must be blocked. Fastener Pullout Resistance: Minimum average fastener pullout resistance for clay roofing tile is 180 psi, with no single value less than 170 psi. Greater pullout values may be required depending upon the predicted aerodynamic moment expected for the tile shape, building shape, and the proximity to the coastline. An engineer should be consulted to assure local building code compliance. Concrete Decks: Nailable Concrete Decks Nailable concrete decks over time may loose their plastic nature, which allows direct nailing. For old decking material, a pullout test should be performed to determine the usefulness of the deck, and the appropriate fastener. An engineer should be consulted to assure local building code compliance. Non-Nailable Concrete Decks For concrete decks that will not accept direct nailing, nailer boards are required. Attachment strips that allow the tile to be fastened to them should be pressure treated wood. These may be a board and batten system or pressure treated wood strips that can be embedded into the concrete deck during construction (discussed further on page 12). Other means of attaching tile to a concrete deck include wire-tie systems and expanding nail-in anchors. Note: Ludowici does not recommend applying tile over spaced board sheathing or open battens.

4 Underlayment
Most problems with water-shedding roof installations occur from water that migrates through the joints of the tiles through capillary action, winddriven rain, and runoff or ice damming. Because of this possibility, the underlayment is critical to the success of the roof. Ludowici recommends the following for minimum underlayment: All decks shall be covered with two layers of No. 30 asphalt-impregnated roofing felt or one layer of No. 43 coated base sheet. All hips, valleys and ridges shall be covered with a waterproof underlayment, example: self-adhesive modified bitumen membrane or two layers of No. 43 coated base sheet.

Note: Roofing felt should meet or exceed ASTM standards D226/D2626.

CAUTION: Solvent-based flashing cement or caulking (sealant) must not come into contact with a bitumen membrane in order to prevent damage to the membrane.

IMPORTANT: On low pitches, from 3:12 to the standard recommended product minimums, or in regions where ice dams may occur, it is required to apply a self-adhering modified bitumen membrane or waterproofing underlayment, such as CertainTeed WinterGuard, on the entire deck. Adequate ventilation will be required. In regions where ice dams may occur, the waterproof underlayment should be extended a minimum of 24 upslope from the inside of the interior wall line of the building directly to the roof deck. (Further clarification found on Page 13, Ice Dam Protection.)

5 Fastening Methods
Attachment requirements and fastener length by tile type are referenced in Chart 2.3. Nails or Screws. Nails are the most commonly used fastener for attaching clay tiles. Nails for tiles and cleats must be copper, 11-gauge minimum, 3/8 head minimum and proper length to give good penetration. Screws must be stainless steel or brass, #8 or #9 with a minimum 3/8 diameter head.
Properly Driven Improperly Driven

Note: When using stainless steel screws, tile replacement will require the use of a hack saw to remove the screws. A slate ripper may be used with copper or brass fasteners. Wire. On non-nailable surfaces or some insulated decks or where fastening through the metal flashing needs to be avoided or if underlayment cannot be penetrated, such as special low slope applications, wire and strapping systems are sometimes used. Wire must be solid copper, 16 gauge, with or without insulation. Wire-tieing is also usually specified in areas prone to earthquakes. Consult the manufacturer of these types of systems for specific design and installation. Clips. Wind clips are often specified and/or required in high wind and seismic areas. They aid in holding the tiles in place and reduce stress at the preliminary fastening point (see Figure 2.2). Refer to local building codes in such areas.

Tile Underlayment Plywood Roof Deck

Driven straight, Not driven far enough, Driven too tightly, cracking good penetration inadequate deck penetration or breaking the tile Figure 2.1 Proper Nailing Techniques for Plywood Deck

IMPORTANT: Do not install the recommended fastener tightly against the tile due to the risk of breakage from installation and deck movement. The tile should hang from the fastener. Note: Each field tile is provided with (2) two fastening nail holes. When installing field tiles, care should be taken to fasten each tile with nails or screws in every provided fastening hole. For a plywood deck, use ring shank copper nails of the specified length to assure good penetration through under side of deck (see Figure 2.1). For board plank deck, use smooth shank copper nails of the specified length. Fasteners should penetrate deck board 3/4. Do not penetrate underside of deck. For gypsum plank or nailable concrete deck, use stainless steel or silicon bronze screw shank nails of length to penetrate half to three-quarters the thickness of the deck. Never penetrate underside of deck. When insulation is applied over the deck, observe the following: Minimum slope (per style) to 6:12 the tile can be nailed through underlayment and insulation into the deck with a sufficient length fastener. On 6:12 or greater, a tile-tie system should be used. For metal decks, use sheet metal screws and the proper mastic.

Wind or Storm Clip

Figure 2.2 Wind Clip

Note: In high wind regions, install each tile with #8 or #9 brass flathead phillips or square drive screws and/or use wind clips. Wind clips and sealants may be required by the local building codes. Bedding Tile. Where freeze/thaw cycles are not an issue, tile may be laid in a full or partial bed of mortar. This method is best used in combination with other means of attachment. Foam Adhesive. This method of application is approved for use in South Florida and is being tested for use in other areas. Refer to local building codes. See Tropical Conditions on Page 84 for more details.

For fibrous cement decks, use a tile-tie system.

Chart 2.3: Attachment Requirements

Tile Type For Field Tile Flat Shingle Tiles Flat Slab Shingle 3/8 Flat Slab Shingle 5/8 Antique, Brittany, Calais, Crude, Colonial, Georgian, Norman, Provincial Interlocking Tiles Americana, Americana XL Classic, Classic XL, Lanai, Lanai XL, Williamsburg, Williamsburg XL Celadon Imperial Interlocking Profile Tiles French S-Tiles Spanish 13 1/4, 18 3/8 Pan & Cover Tiles For Cover with Stringer Boards: Plywood: Boards: Plywood: Boards: Plywood: 1 1/2 1 3/4 1 3/4 2 1 1/2 1 3/4 Fastener Length For Hip 2 2 2 For Ridge Header Course: 1 1/2 V-Type: 2 1/2 Header Course: 1 1/2 V-Type: 2 1/2 Header Course: 1 1/2 V-Type: 2 1/2 Type C* Type C* Type C* N/A N/A N/A Quik-Tach Brackets Hurricane Clips

Boards: 1 3/4 Plywood: 2

2 1/2

Type C

On Eave: 3/4 Above Eave: 1 1/4

Boards: Plywood: Boards: Plywood:

1 3/4 2 1 3/4 2

2 2

2 1/2 2 1/2

Type C Type C

1 1/4 1 1/4

Boards: 2 Plywood: 2 1/2 Boards: 1 1/2 Plywood: 1 3/4 For Pan Plywood: 1 3/4 2 2 Boards: 1 1/2 Boards: 1 1/2 Plywood: 1 3/4

2 1/2

Not Required

1 3/4

2 1/2

Type B Type D (18 3/8)

On Eave: 3/4 Above Eave: 2 5/16

Palm Beach & Straight Barrel Mission 14 1/4, 16, 18 3/8, 16 Tapered Mission

Type D (remaining) 2 2 2 1/2 2 1/2 Type B (14 1/4) Type D Wind Locks Wind Locks

*Type C brackets must be cut or bent for these tile patterns.

IMPORTANT: Before application of Ludowici clay tiles in alpine** conditions, plans must be submitted to the Ludowici Technical Department for approval. Ludowici will not assume any liability or responsibility for damage caused by the application of clay tile in alpine conditions.

**Alpine conditions are defined as climactic areas that experience frequent heavy winter snowfall intermittent with strong solar radiation common to high altitude geography. (See Alpine Conditions on Page 83 for more details.)

6 Assemble All Tools and Supplies

The following tools are needed for basic installation of clay roofs: safety equipment as required by OSHA and other local and state agencies rule or tape masons trowel and bucket chalk line and chalk 4 diamond-tipped turbo blade on angle grinder claw hammer protective eyewear/dust mask chipping hammer caulking gun felt knife sheet metal shears roof jacks slate ripper segmented diamond blade (8to10 diameter) wet tub saw tile nippers marking pencil sharp steel punch battery-operated, clutch-driven drill (with extra batteries) carbide spear point glass drill bits small steel roller IMPORTANT: All roof work can be hazardous. Safety requirements are spelled out by OSHA and individual state Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations. It is the responsibility of the installer to take all necessary precautions. Contact the Occupational Safety and Health Administration for complete information regarding safe roofing practices.

In addition to tools, the following materials are needed: Flashing: use a minimum weight of 16 oz. copper, at least 24 wide, with 1/4 edge turned over and fastened with cleats for valleys. Under special circumstances, such as unusual exposure to high wind or heavy snow, this flashing weight should be increased. Lighter weight copper flashings are undesirable because they can puncture too easily and they will not provide the wear-life required for a long-life roof system. Underlayment: two layers of No. 30 asphaltimpregnated roofing felt or one layer of No. 43 coated base sheet, doubled on rough surfaces, hips, valleys, and ridges, or one layer of self-adhesive modified bitumen membrane such as WinterGuard. See WinterGuard Application Instructions, Page 9. Plastic cement: plastic cement for gable rakes, hip rolls, ridges, stringers, and other conditions should be non-running, heavy-body flashing cement composed of mineral ingredients to meet the requirements of ASTM D-4586. Cant strips, wood nailers, and field tile nailer strips: all should be foundation grade wood. Mortar and mortar color to match tiles: Ludowici defines mortar as one part Portland cement and four parts sand (to ASTM specification C-270). Silicone sealant or adhesive: the recommended sealant for exposed caulking is Dow Corning 790 Silicone Building Sealant or GE SilProof (ASTM C-920, low modules). These sealants may be used as hidden adhesives. NP1 or other adhesives may be suitable as well, however, care should be taken to select for maximum durability and also for compatibility with adjacent materials. Some sealants are available in different colors to match tiles. Required fasteners. IMPORTANT: All roofing components should be selected to be compatible with the long service life of a Ludowici roof.

WinterGuard Application Instructions Application (Peel and Stick) WinterGuard can be applied in any length convenient to the applicator. First, align unrolled material with lower edge of roof and hold in place. Lift starting end of material (approximately 1 foot), peel back and fold under at least 6of both sheets of protective release film. Carefully return the exposed adhesive surface to the deck and press firmly in place. If, at lower temperatures, material does not adhere immediately, tack in place mechanically. Reroll material from the other end until the peeled and folded back film is exposed. Beginning with the folded back film, peel both sheets of the remaining film from the roll, pulling parallel to the eave. Be sure all material lays flat and is well adhered. Alternatively, apply by the peel and flop method utilizing the two-piece split sheet release film feature to adhere longitudinal halves, one at a time. It is best to cut the product into manageable lengths of about 12 feet when applying WinterGuard by this method. The upper edge of WinterGuard must extend to a point no less than 24 beyond the interior wall line and, in areas of severe icing, at least up to the highest water level expected to occur from ice dams. In order to ensure waterproofing, overlap all sides and ends 6, press overlaps firmly with a roller, and offset end laps 2 feet from course to course. Valleys, Ridges and Hips In the valleys, the width of the material must be 36 minimum, and on the ridges and hips, 12 minimum. Cut WinterGuard to convenient premeasured lengths (4-6 feet recommended). Peel off the release film and drape the sheet into place allowing the membrane to locate and adhere in the valley center line or ridge peak first, working outward toward the edges. In valleys, start the application at the low point and work upwards. To ensure waterproofing, overlap all sheets 6 at lap joints. Do not use WinterGuard as a permanent weathering surface (such as in open valleys). CAUTION: Solvent-based flashing cement or caulking (sealant) must not come into contact with a bitumen membrane in order to prevent damage to the membrane.

7 Storage, Handling, and Inspection

Field tile is generally shipped in pallets, and fittings in boxes. Upon receipt of shipment, the pallets and boxes should be examined for possible damage in transit and, if any, should be noted on the shipping papers and a claim must be filed promptly against the delivering carrier. Ludowici Roof Tile will provide information and assist you in the proper filing of a damage claim. Remember, however, that prompt inspection of incoming merchandise is always important as damage claims will not be honored by the carriers if they are not filed promptly. The pallets and boxes of tile should be placed in a level, safe place away from traffic and construction activity. Pallets of tile must not be stacked on top of each other. If any problems are identified, notify Ludowici Roof Tile immediately. Do NOT install any of the tiles. Once the tiles are installed, they are considered suitable for use and will not be replaced except per the terms of Ludowicis warranty.

8 Range of Tones
Colors within a given shipment of Ludowici clay roof tile will vary slightly due to subtle changes in clay composition and kiln firing temperatures. Such color variances are not a defect but a natural desirable feature that gives roofs depth and character. The person responsible for the blending of the shades of color should randomly select tiles from at least three different pallets. This blending will ensure a proper blend to provide a harmonious color roof without blotches or streaks. After the installation of about 75-100 tiles, the roof should be inspected from the ground at a distance greater than 40 feet to determine that there are no streaks or blotches. To ensure a good range of tones, this inspection must be done at regular intervals.

9 Color Blending with Different

Color Tile
Blending different tile colors can provide a unique and aesthetically pleasing roof. Make a drawing to detail the layout and to help determine the proper number of tiles of each color. In order to maintain the correct color blend, pull tiles from the different pallets of each color. Premix these piles in the desired percentage and load the roof one square at a time. This will provide even distribution. After the installation of about 75-100 tiles, the roof should be inspected from the ground at a distance greater than 40 feet to determine that there are no streaks or blotches. To ensure a good color blend, this inspection must be done at regular intervals.

10 Snowguards
Snowguards are generally required in areas where snow and ice may accumulate on the roof. Snowguards are sometimes used on sloped roofs to prevent a mass of snow or ice from sliding off the roofs and injuring persons, damaging gutters or plants, and blocking walks and driveways. Snowguards hold the snow in place above the eaves until it can melt and the water runs off. It is recommended that snowguards should be installed on at least 3 or 4 courses, offset from course to course, spaced in staggered interval rows. Begin with the third or fourth row. However, spacing and quantity of snowguards is a matter of judgement based on local weather conditions (see Figure 2.3). Alpine conditions will require a professional engineer to design the required snow retainage system. Tile should not be exposed to ice and snow loads exceeding 100 pounds per square foot.

Note: It may be helpful to lay the tile blend out on the ground so the installer has a visual example. Make one person responsible for the ongoing and end result of the blending. Complete information on color is available in Ludowicis Guide to Color.

Figure 2.3 Recommended Snowguard Spacing

A snowguard must be made of nonferrous material to prevent possible rust stains. Many styles are available (see Figure 2.4).

10

Figure 2.4 Snowguard with Interlocking Tile

Preparing the Roof

1 Inspecting the Deck
Ensure that the roof deck is clean, smooth, and dry before roof tiles are applied.
Backnail Sheets Succeeding Courses of No. 43 Coated Base Sheet Underlayment to be 36 Wide (After Meeting Minimum Requirements for Ice Damming)

Verify that there is no significant delamination, warpage, bowing, or separation from the rafters or trusses. Check for deck rot. rated plywood, check that If deck is APA panels are spaced approximately 1/16 to a maximum of 1/8 apart for expansion and H-clips are used between supports when the rafter spacing exceeds 16 O.C. Unsupported end joints must be blocked. Make repairs to the deck as necessary.
3/4

2 Wood Deck 36

36

Plies of Waterproof Underlayment Material Installed Up to a Point 24 as Required Inside the Exterior Wall Line of Building to Provide an Ice Dam Protection Membrane Note: All Dimensions are Approximate Figure 3.1 Ice Dam Protection and Single Sheet Underlayment

Note: Prior to applying any roofing material, all contractor work above the roofline must be completed.

2 Installing the Underlayment

Most problems with water-shedding roof installations occur from water that migrates through the joints of the tiles through capillary action, wind-driven rain, and runoff or ice damming. Because of this possibility, the underlayment is critical to the success of the roof. As a minimum, all decks must be covered with two layers of No. 30 asphalt-impregnated roofing felt or one layer of No. 43 coated base sheet.

If wood cant strips and nailers are nailed directly to the deck, they must be covered with waterproof underlayment. If nailed on the underlayment, they should be pressure treated wood. For single layer of No. 43 coated base sheet: Lay base sheet parallel to eave. Side lap 2 and end lap 6. IMPORTANT: On low pitches, from 3:12 to the standard recommended product minimums, or in regions where ice dams may occur, it is required to apply a self-adhering modified bitumen membrane or waterproof underlayment, such as CertainTeed WinterGuardon the entire deck. Adequate ventilation will be required. In regions where ice dams may occur, the waterproof underlayment should be extended a minimum of 24 upslope from the inside of the interior wall line of the building directly to the roof deck.

Note: Underlayment materials must be covered with tile as soon as possible to prevent degradation from exposure.

11

section

For double layer, follow these steps: 1. First apply a 19 starter sheet parallel to eave. Backnail sheets with corrosion resistant, 11-gauge, 3/8 head standard roofing nails, sufficient to hold the felts in place. 2. Then completely cover the starter sheet with a full-width sheet. 3. Lap succeeding sheets 19 over the preceding sheets, leaving a 17 exposure (2 lap). End laps should be a minimum of 6 (see Figure 3.2).

Backnail Sheets

Wood Deck Optional: 2 Starter Felt Set in Vertical Grade Asphalt Cement on Metal

2 side lap

36

19 17 No. 30 Asphalt-saturated Felt Starter Course Covered with Asphalt Cement First and Succeeding Courses of Underlayment to be 36 Wide and Lapped 19

Note: All roofing underlayment materials should be carried 6 up all vertical surfaces and 4 over gutter and valley metal.

Note: All dimensions are approximate Figure 3.2 Application of Double Layer Felt Underlayment

Concrete Deck If roof deck is poured concrete, embed pressure treated 1 x 2 beveled wood strips, extending from eave to ridge, spaced 20 O.C. Concrete must be smooth and flush. A concrete primer is recommended especially in those areas where waterproof underlayment will be used. Apply No. 43 coated base sheet and fasten with 3/8 x 1 1/2 lath nailed from eave to ridge atop embedded strips. Apply 1 x 2 wood strips horizontally across lath spaced to accommodate the correct tile exposure and proceed as directed for a sheathed roof (see Figures 3.3 and 3.4). Note: Where ice dam protection is required, install waterproof underlayment material up to a point 24 inside the interior wall line of the building.
20 Center to Center

x 1 1/2 Pressure Treated Wood Lath Counter Battens Nominal 1 x 2 Pressure Treated Wood Battens

3/8

Waterproof Underlayment

Figure 3.3 Batten System of Attachment for Concrete Deck

Horizontal Pressure Treated 1 x 2 Wood Batten

Concrete Roof Deck

3/8 x 1 1/2 Pressure Treated Lath Nailer

Horizontal Pressure Treated 1 x 2 Wood Batten

Concrete Roof Deck

No. 43 Coated Base Sheet

1 x 2 Pressure Treated Beveled Vertical Strips 20 O.C. Longitudinal Section Through Roof

Set to Tile Exposure Cross Section Through Roof

12

Figure 3.4 Application of Batten System to Poured Concrete Roof Deck

3 Ice Dam Protection

Ice dam protection is recommended in areas where the January mean temperature is 30 F or less and on all pitches below the standard minimums. This protection must be installed wherever there is a possibility of ice forming along the eaves which will cause a back-up of water and may cause building and interior damage. Consider your local weather conditions. Apply self-adhering CertainTeed WinterGuard, or equivalent, directly to the deck according to application instructions provided with the product. WinterGuard must extend up the roof to a point at least 24 beyond the interior wall line, and in areas of severe icing at least up to and above the highest water level expected to occur from ice dams (see Figure 3.5). Please note that the 24 point beyond the interior wall line is a minimum recommendation. WinterGuard should be applied to all roof decking which past history and professional experience suggest might be subject to ice dam back-up. If considering using ice dam protection on the entire surface of the roof deck, insure that adequate ventilation is present to prevent the development of damaging condensation on the underside of the roof deck*. If a wide eave overhang requires flashing wider than 36, the necessary 6 minimum horizontal lap must be located on the overhang outside the structure walls. End laps must be a 6 minimum. Underlayment should meet ASTM D-1970.

WinterGuard Applied a Minimum 24 Beyond Interior Wall Line Figure 3.5 Ice Dam Protection

For more information on Alpine Conditions, obtain a copy of The Concrete and Interlocking Tile Roof Design Criteria Manual for Snow and Ice Regions, Leland E. Gillan, P.E. & Terry Anderson, published by NTRMA/WSRCA or from your local Ludowici sales representative.

CAUTION: Solvent-based flashing cement must not come in contact with CertainTeed WinterGuard or other similar waterproofing underlayment, or damage to the underlayment could occur. *For complete information on attic ventilation, obtain The Principles of Attic Ventilation, copyright 1997, or call 1-800-AIRVENT.

13

4 Measuring and Chalking the Roof

Layout and chalking the roof accurately are critical to the roof s performance and appearance. If the eaves are straight and level, all horizontal lines must be parallel to the eaves, and all vertical lines must be perpendicular to the eaves. Check the roof deck to determine if the deck is square prior to layout. Step 1: Determine Width and Length Exposure Clay tiles, depending on the style and profile, vary in exposure and recommended head lap (see Chart 3.1). Pan and Cover styles begin with a full tile. Other types, such as flat and interlocking, are generally started with a half-width tile in order to offset the joints. Before chalking the roof, the installer should verify the tile pattern being installed, and measure, noting average length and width exposures of the tile shipped. The usual overhang at the eave is 2; however, this may be adjusted slightly to accommodate full courses. Measure the roof from eave to ridge to ascertain whether the final course can be a full length tile or if a short course needs to be cut. Some tile styles may allow the head lap to be increased over several courses to avoid cutting a short course. The tile styles which do not allow the head lap to be increased are Spanish, French, Greek, Roman, and tapered barrel mission tile.

Step 2: Chalking Vertical Lines Vertical lines are chalked first. In the case of a hip roof, the first line is struck in the center of the roof equidistant from each hip (see Figure 3.6). The remaining vertical lines are then struck to the right and left at intervals equal to your average width exposure. Care must be taken to ensure that all vertical lines are parallel to the water flow.

Ridge Nailer

Vertical Chalk Lines

Center Line of Eave Figure 3.6 Chalking Vertical Lines to Guide Installation

IMPORTANT: The tile dimensions can vary because of clay firing temperatures. Be sure to measure actual tiles in your shipment to determine their average width and length dimensions, so you can chalk your roof properly.

14

Step 3: Chalking Horizontal Lines Horizontal lines are struck after the vertical lines are struck. For S-Tile, Pan and Cover Tile, and Interlocking Profile Tile, the first line will equal the average length of the tiles minus the overhang. For example, a tile with an overall length of 16 minus a 2 overhang indicates the first line is to be 14 up from the eave. Successive lines are then struck at intervals equal to your average length of exposure. For Flat Shingle and Interlocking Tile, the first line will equal the average length of the under eave tile minus the overhang, typically 2 (see Figure 3.7). Length exposure of flat shingle tile is determined by subtracting 2 from the tile length and then dividing by 2. Example: 15 length 2 triple head lap = 132 = 6 1/2 exposure.

For Flat Shingle Tile, the second line will equal the average length of the tile minus the overhang, laid directly over the under eave, then all successive lines will also be chalked as previously described. For Flat Shingle, Interlocking, and Straight Barrel Mission Tile, your eave to ridge measurement may determine the average length exposure rather than the size of the tile itself. For example, suppose the eave to ridge measurement is 105 1/2 and you were using Interlocking tiles (average length exposure of 11). You might then determine to lay the first tile at an 11 exposure as usual, and 10 1/2 exposure for each of the remaining nine courses. Here is the calculation: eave to ridge measurement of 105 1/2 minus 11 for the first course equals 94 1/2; therefore 94 1/2 divided by 9 equals 10 1/2. Care must be taken to ensure that all horizontal lines are perpendicular to the water flow.

Note: Measuring and chalking for a tower tile installation is unique and deserves special attention please see Section 10, Page 80.

Equal to Exposure Equal to Exposure First Course Tile Length Minus Overhang

Plywood Roof Deck

Under Eave Course Required Waterproof Underlayment 2 Overhang 16Oz. Sheet Copper Formed Drip Edge with 1/2 Hem Vertical Fascia

Figure 3.7 Typical Layout for Horizontal Lines

15

Chart 3.1: Average Length, Width, and Exposures of Tile Styles

Tile Name Length Width Length Exposure

The average length and width exposures are based on the usual sizes of these products.
Width Exposure Pieces/ Square Under Eave Length 7 7 8 1/2 8 5/16 7 7 8 1/2 8 1/2 8 1/2 4 5/8 4 5/8 4 5/8 4 5/8 4 5/8 4 5/8 4 5/8 4 5/8 4 5/8 4 5/8 NA NA Under Eave Width 7 7 7 7 3/8 6 6 8 7 7 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 NA NA Average Weight/ Square 1,650 1,900 1,600 1,800 1,935 1,300 1,780 1,600 1,600 1,575 800 750 600 800 750 860 800 750 800 750 1,025 900 800 1,230 1,300 1,550 1,550 1,250 1,190 1,165 1,100

Flat Shingle Tiles Antique Brittany Calais Colonial Crude Flat Slab Shingle Georgian Norman Provincial Interlocking Tiles Americana Americana XL Celadon Classic Classic XL Imperial Lanai Lanai XL Williamsburg Williamsburg XL Interlocking Profile Tiles French S-Tiles Spanish

3/8 5/8

12 12 15 14 5/8 12 12 15 15 15 14 16 16 14 16 15 14 16 14 16 16 1/4 13 1/4 18 3/8 16 16 12 3/4 12 3/4 14 1/4 16 18 3/8 18 3/8

7 7 7 7 3/8 6 6 8 7 7 9 10 3/4 10 3/4 9 10 3/4 10 9 10 3/4 9 10 3/4 9 9 3/4 9 3/4 P = 8 C* = 7 P* = 7 C* = 7 P* = 9 3/4 C* = 6 1/2 P* = 9 3/4 C* = 6 1/2 P = 8 C = 8 P = 8 C = 8 P = 8 C = 8 P = 8 C* = 8

5 5 6 1/2 6 5/16 5 5 6 1/2 6 1/2 6 1/2 11 13 13 11 13 12 11 13 11 13 13 3/8 10 1/4 15 3/8 13 13 10 10 11 1/4 13 15 3/8 15 3/8

7 7 7 7 3/8 6 6 8 7 7 8 1/4 10 1/8 10 1/8 8 1/4 10 1/8 9 1/4 8 1/4 10 1/8 8 1/4 10 1/8 8 1/8 8 1/4 8 1/4 P = 3 1/2 C* = 7 CC = 10 1/2 P = 2 C* = 7 CC = 9 P = 5 1/2 C* = 6 1/2 CC = 12 P = 5 1/2 C* = 6 1/2 CC = 12 P = 3 1/2 C = 8 CC = 11 1/2 P = 3 1/2 C = 8 CC = 11 1/2 P = 3 1/2 C = 8 CC = 11 1/2 P = 3 1/2 C* = 8 CC = 11 1/2

412 412 317 310 480 480 276 317 317 158 109 109 158 109 129 158 109 158 109 133 171 114 212 246 240 240 225 192 163 163

13 1/4 18 3/8

Pan and Cover Tiles 16 Tapered Mission and Straight Barrel Mission Pans 16 Tapered Mission Cover and Tapered Pans Greek Roman Straight Barrel Mission Straight Barrel Mission Straight Barrel Mission Palm Beach

NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Italian Pan and Cover

Note: Multiple combinations are possible. Please contact Ludowici Roof Tile for special instructions.

16

P = Pan (*Pan Measurement at Butt of Tile)

C = Cover (*Cover Measurement at Butt of Tile)

CC = Center to Center Dimensions

Chart 3.2: Guidelines for Horizontal Spacing with a 2 Overhang at Eave using Standard Exposure Lengths
Colonial Spanish
1/4

Antique, Brittany, Calais, Georgian, Crude, Norman, Provincial 13 19 1/2 26 32 1/2 39 45 1/2 52 58 1/2 65 71 1/2 78 Greek, Roman 10 3/4 20 3/4 30 3/4 40 3/4 50 3/4 60 3/4 70 3/4 80 3/4 90 3/4 100 3/4 110 3/4 Imperial 13 25 37 49 61 73 85 97 109 121 133 14 1/4 12 1/4 23 1/2 34 3/4 46 57 1/4 68 1/2 79 3/4 91 102 1/4 113 1/2 124 3/4 12 5/8 18 15/16 25 1/4 31 9/16 37 7/8 44 3/16 50 1/2 56 13/16 63 1/8 69 7/16 75 3/4 12 23 34 45 56 67 78 89 100 111 122 XL Series 14 27 40 53 66 79 92 105 118 131 144 13 11 1/4 21 1/2 31 3/4 42 52 1/4 62 1/2 72 3/4 83 93 1/4 103 1/2 113 3/4 18 3/8 16 3/8 31 3/4 47 1/8 62 1/2 77 7/8 93 1/4 108 5/8 124 139 3/8 154 3/4 170 1/8

Americana, Americana, Classic, Celadon, Classic, Lanai, Williamsburg Lanai, Williamsburg

Course 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Flat Slab Shingles 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 65

French

Course 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

14 27 3/8 40 3/4 54 1/8 67 1/2 80 7/8 94 1/4 107 5/8 121 134 3/8 147 3/4

16 Tapered Mission Palm Beach Italian 16 Length with 18 3/8 SBM Pans 14 16 3/8 27 31 3/4 40 47 1/8 53 62 1/2 66 77 7/8 79 93 1/4 92 108 5/8 105 124 118 139 3/8 131 154 3/4 144 170 1/8

Straight Barrel Mission 16 14 27 40 53 66 79 92 105 118 131 144

18 3/8 16 3/8 31 3/4 47 1/8 62 1/2 77 7/8 93 1/4 108 5/8 124 139 3/8 154 3/4 170 1/8

Chart 3.2 should be used as a guideline to determine horizontal spacing, as long as Ludowici average length exposure is being used.

IMPORTANT: The tile dimensions can vary because of clay firing temperatures. Be sure to measure actual tiles in your shipment to determine their average width and length dimensions, so you can chalk your roof properly.

17

5 Applying Cant Strips, Wood Nailers,

and Battens
After lining the roof, wood stringers for ridges and hips, cant strips at eaves, and battens as field tile nailer strips (required for certain patterns) are applied. The heights of the stringers, battens and cant strips are determined by the tile pattern, and the type of fittings to be used. Cant Strips Method 1: Apply a properly sized cant strip (see Chart 3.3) 48 long and pressure treated directly to the underlayment, with 1/2 gap every 48 to allow drainage. Method 2: Apply a properly sized cant strip (see Chart 3.3) directly to the wood sheathing. Cover with copper flashing drip edge and underlayment (see Figure 3.8). Method 3: Some tile patterns do not require the use of a cant strip. These tiles are laid with an under eave fitting, eave closure or copper flashing drip edge with underlayment (see Figure 3.9). For flat shingle tiles only, both the cant strip and an under eave fitting are used.
Second Course

Chart 3.3: Proper Sizing for Cant Strips Tile Name Flat Shingle Tiles Flat Slab Shingle 3/8 Flat Slab Shingle 5/8 Calais, Antique Georgian, Brittany Norman, Crude Provincial, Colonial Interlocking Tiles Americana, Americana XL Celadon Classic, Classic XL Imperial Lanai, Lanai XL Williamsburg, Williamsburg XL Interlocking Profile Tiles French S-Tiles Spanish - 13 1/4, 18 3/8 Pan and Cover Tiles Greek, Roman Italian Palm Beach Roman Straight Barrel Mission Tapered Mission Tower Tiles Height of Cant Strip
3/4

x 2 + Under Eave 1 x 2 + Under Eave 1 x 2 + Under Eave 1 x 2 + Under Eave 1 x 2 + Under Eave 1 x 2 + Under Eave

Under Eave 1 x 2 Under Eave Under Eave Under Eave Under Eave 1 1/2 x 2 Eave Closure Eave Closure Eave Closure Eave Closure Eave Closure Eave Closure Eave Closure Eave Closure

First Course

First Course

Under Eave Fitting Waterproof Underlayment Roof Deck Raised Edge 16 Oz. Copper Perimeter Flashing

Waterproof Underlayment Roof Deck

Under Eave Fitting Extended Edge 16 Oz. Copper Perimeter Flashing

Pressure Treated 1 X 2 Cant Strip

Vertical Fascia

Vertical Fascia

18

Figure 3.8 Cant Strip for Starter Course Example of Flat Shingle Tile

Figure 3.9 Under Eave Fitting for Starter Course Example of Interlocking Tile

Wood Nailers and Stringers All wood stringers applied before the underlayment is applied to the roof deck must be covered with two layers of coated base sheet or a self-adhesive modified bitumen membrane. Stringers applied over the underlayment must be pressure treated and foundation grade wood. The sizes for stringers vary with tile type. Wood stringers must be a minimum of 1 1/2 thickness and of proper height to carry hip and ridge pieces. Specification for proper sizing of ridge stringers, hip stringers, and wood nailing strips (battens) for end bands, and field tile for covers will be addressed in the tile installation sections which follow.
Stacks of Tiles

Third Course

Figure 3.10 Distribution of Tile Over Roof

WARNING: Roof Loaded Tile During Severe Weather It is possible that strong winds could lift tiles off the piles and send them flying off the roof, resulting in injury to persons or damage to nearby property. If tiles have been pre-loaded onto the roof deck and strong winds or severe storms are predicted, remove the tiles and place them on ground level. If tiles have not yet been loaded, then it is recommended not to do so until the threat of bad weather has disappeared. Pre-loading the roof deck with tiles prior to starting the actual installation will provide convenience and faster installation, but should only be done if weather conditions permit. Use common sense so that you do not become liable for damage or personal injury.

Tile Distribution Over Deck

After all roof preparation has been completed, the tiles are evenly distributed on the roof, if pitch permits. Note: Stacking distribution will depend on the number of tiles per square and the number of tiles per stack.

Spacing of the tiles is determined by the width of the exposed tile times the number of courses being fed per stack. If the tiles are stacked 8 high and the tile exposure is 10 and the stack feeds 2 courses, then the stacks would be placed 40 O.C. Tile stacks normally start at the third course from the eave and continue with alternate courses. The important aspect of tile loading is to evenly spread the load across the roof using the proper spacing to assure the proper amount of tile is loaded on the roof. Remember to utilize the color blending instructions (see Page 9).

WARNING: Do not leave stacked tiles on the roof for extended periods of time. The concentrated load can begin to slide on the heated underlayment sheet. This sliding could cause injury to persons or damage to nearby property.

19

7 Cutting, Notching, and Drilling

Cutting Tiles should be cut wet on the job with a masonry or tile saw equipped with a diamond blade. Segmented blades will be the most efficient. Slight surface chipping will occur during the cutting operation. The sliding saw table and tub should be as large as possible to accommodate cutting the tiles diagonally. WARNING: Always use protective eye and face wear when operating a masonry saw. Ludowici tiles are extremely hard, which provides the tiles with low moisture absorption. Dry cutting techniques used on softer tile products will not work as fast with these hard tile. Dry cutting with a good segmented turbo diamond blade is possible. Best results have been obtained using a 4 diamond tipped segmented blade mounted on a small right angle grinder motor. Notching

Note: Unnecessary cutting and drilling time can add substantial cost to the job. Carefully consider tile layout before starting the work to minimize cutting and drilling.

Nail or Screw

One time saving option to drilling through the tiles is to notch it with the small 4 diamond blade saw and then nail or wire in place. If using a field tile for the starter course or ridge, dovetail notches are cut. Make sure cuts are wide enough for nail or screw (see Figure 3.11). Drilling Additional nail holes may also be drilled if necessary. High torque electric drills may snap the carbide bits in the extremely hard Ludowici tile. Drills should be battery-powered, adjustable clutch-driven types. To drill out holes, the tile should be set in a pan with water to extend bit life and avoid the risk of eye injury due to fragments. Expect to drill only about 6 holes per carbide bit. WARNING: Dry drilling may result in serious eye injury. Always use protective eye and face wear when drilling tile. Never use 115-240 volt AC-operated drills in water. Electrical shock could result.
Figure 3.11 Ridge and/or Under Eave Course Notched and Fastened

20

Installing the Flashing

IMPORTANT: Where roofs intersect other roofs, parapet walls, chimneys, ventilators, vent pipes and similar projections, flashings are required. There is a natural weakness at these intersections and properly installed flashings are required to make the intersection watertight. Contraction and expansion due to temperature changes contribute to the weakness, so it is extremely important to correctly design and install the flashings and to use durable flashing material (a minimum of 16 oz. sheet copper is recommended). General flashing details are shown in this section but many more exist for each particular situation which cannot be covered in the context of this tile installation manual. Proper flashing installations are critical for a watertight roof.

2 Rake Edge Flashing

Usually rake edge flashing is NOT specified since Ludowici has specific rake tiles to finish the gable rakes. If a rake edge flashing is required, a formed, 16 oz. or heavier copper flashing should be installed to serve as a drip edge and as a finished edge. The gable flashing is to be installed over the waterproof underlayment. The flashing must extend 5 onto the deck and must have a 1/2 hemmed edge (see Figure 4.2). At the edge of the roof deck, the flashing is to extend up (perpendicular to the deck) 2 and back down at least 5 1/2 along the gable fascia board with a 1/2 crimp at the bottom edge to serve as a drip edge. The gable flashing pieces are to lap each other to form an overlap of at least 4.

End Band Shingle Tile

1 Eave Flashing
Where eave metal flashing is used, it should be formed using a minimum of 16 oz. sheet copper with a drip edge along the bottom to allow water to drip off the edge of the roof. See Figure 4.1.

1/2 Hemmed Edge

2 Copper Cleat

16 Oz. Copper Gable Flashing/ Rake Drip Edge WinterGuard or Waterproof Underlayment No. 43 Coated Base Sheet

WinterGuard or Waterproof Underlayment

2 Pressure Treated Wood Cant Strip

WinterGuard or Waterproof Underlayment

2 Pressure Treated Wood Cant Strip

Figure 4.2 Metal Rake Edge

Vertical Fascia

Roof Deck

Roof Deck 16 Oz. Copper Extended Edge Perimeter Flashing 16 Oz. Copper Extended Edge Perimeter Flashing

Vertical Fascia Vertical Fascia Figure 4.1 Perimeter Flashing with Cant Strips

21

section

3 Flashing at Valleys
Valleys, since they collect the water runoff from the portions of the roof sloping into them, are particularly prone to water migration and leakage. A clear and unobstructed pathway for quick water drainage is essential in valleys. There are two basic types of valleys in tile roof installation: open and closed valleys. Open Valleys In an open valley construction the tiles are held back from the center of the valley to expose the copper flashing. The advantage of an open valley is that it permits unobstructed drainage. Open valleys are recommended in areas with surrounding foliage where the leaves, needles, and other debris can fall on the roof and potentially slow or block the runoff of water from the roof (see Figures 4.3 and 4.5). The valley metal is to be secured with approved fasteners. At no time are nails to be placed in the area of the valley that will be carrying water.

2 Copper Clips 8-24 Apart. Bend Clip Over Nail Head. Lap Self-Adhesive Bitumen Membrane 12 Minimum Overlap in Valley 16 Oz. Copper Valley Metal Formed from Approximately 24 Wide Metal. Minimum 4 Extension Under Tile. Lap Copper Flashing 8 Minimum.

12

Figure 4.4 Typical Open Valley Flashing for Shingle Tile

Valley Tile

Copper Cleat

Valley Tile 16 Oz./Sq. Ft. Copper Flashing WinterGuard or Waterproof Underlayment 3 Minimum Opening at Top of Valley Copper Cleat

Minimum of 6 Exposed Width at Top of Valley Covered Fasteners for Bottom Valley Metal

Ridge Waterproof Underlayment 2 Copper Cleat 8-24 Apart Bend Clip Over Nail Head Lap Self-Adhesive Modified Bitumen Membrane 12 Minimum Overlap in Valley 16 Oz. Copper Valley Metal Formed from Approximately 24 Wide Metal. Minimum 4 Extension Under Tile WinterGuard or Waterproof Underlayment Copper Cleat Water Diverter Roof Deck

Lap Copper Flashing 8

Nail Minimum 16 Oz. Copper Sheet Flashing

Figure 4.5 Cross Section Showing Valley Flashing on Wood Roof Base

IMPORTANT: Metal exposure width shall increase 1 for every 8 feet of valley run towards the eave.

22

Figure 4.3 Typical Open Valley Flashing for Pan and Cover Tiles

Closed Valleys In a closed valley, the tiles from the adjoining roof are mitered and abutted. Since water migrates through a closed valley onto the sheet copper flashing which carries the runoff, this type of construction is considered decorative. Closed valleys should not be used where foliage debris can fall onto the roof. Another area where it is strongly discouraged is where the rafter length or pitch varies on adjacent roof planes. It is important that corresponding courses align coming into the valley. Note: Underlayment for all valleys must be a full width sheet (36) of two layers of No. 43 coated base sheet or a layer of self-adhesive modified bitumen membrane. Each course from the adjoining fields must overlap the valley underlayment by at least 12. All closed valleys should be step flashed with a 16 oz. copper sheet, at least 24 wide with a 1/2 edge turned over and fastened with cleats. Joints should be lapped at least 8, but not soldered. IMPORTANT: Fasteners must never penetrate valley flashings. Cut valley tiles must be notched (existing holes can also be used) and wired to fasteners driven into the deck beyond the flashing (see Figure 4.8).

1/2 Hem Folded Over

16oz.

Length of Tile

Sheet Copper

Figure 4.6 Closed Valley Flashing Pattern Using Standard Exposure 16 oz. Sheet Copper Flashing WinterGuard or Celadon Waterproof Underlayment Ceramic Slate

2 Minimum 16 oz. Sheet Copper Drip Edge

Roof Deck

Pressure Treated Wood Cant Strip Vertical Fascia

Valley Flashing Pieces Should Extend Approximately 9 Beyond Both Sides of Valley Center Line WinterGuard or Waterproof Underlayment Do Not Nail Into Copper Valley 16 Gauge Solid Copper Wire Without Insulation 16 Oz. Copper Valley Flashing 2 Copper Cleat Bend Clip Over Nail Head

Figure 4.7 Section of a Closed Valley

8 Lap for Copper Valley Flashing

Shingle Field Tile

Figure 4.8 Typical Closed Mitered Valley for Flat Shingle Tile with Stepped Flashing

23

4 Flashing at Vertical Walls

Two methods of flashing at vertical walls are typically used: step flashing and channel or pan flashing. Generally, step flashing is used with flat tiles and channel flashing with pan and cover tiles. Step Flashing In the step method of flashing, individual 16 oz. sheet copper flashing is applied between each course of tile. A minimum head lap of 3 must be provided from step flashing to step flashing. See Figure 4.9. The following criteria should be used to determine the appropriate size for step flashing: 1. The step flashings should have a minimum of 3 overlap over each other. 2. The step flashing should extend up the vertical surface a minimum of 4 and a minimum of 2 overlap of the siding, cladding or copper counterflashing. 3. The step flashing should extend a minimum of 5 onto the roof so that there is at least a 5 overlap of the underlying tile. 4. The flashing should be at least 16 oz. sheet copper.
Waterproof Underlayment Extending Up Side Wall

Channel or Pan Flashing Channel or pan flashing, used with profile tiles, is designed to extend under the tiles rather than being interwoven between courses. See Figure 4.10. The following procedures are used to install channel or pan flashing: 1. Waterproof underlayment should extended 6 up the vertical wall. 2. The copper flashings vertical flange should extend approximately 4 up the wall. 3. Each length of copper channel flashing should extend a minimum of 8 over the underlying length of copper channel flashing. 4. The copper flashing channel should extend a minimum of 3 under the tile. 5. The copper flashing should be fastened through the vertical flange, near the upper portion at approximately 12 on center. (The flashing channel should not be penetrated with fasteners since it is acting as a gutter.) 6. The wall underlayment and the siding or cladding should be brought down a minimum of 2 over the upper portion of the vertical flange.

3 Minimum Overlap Siding/ Cladding

6 Minimum Above Roofing

6 Vertical Minimum

Waterproof Underlayment Extending Up Side Wall

Fastener Air Retarder or Felt Siding/Cladding Serves as Counterflashing a Minimum of 2 Above Roof Surface
1/2

Hemmed Edge

16 Oz. Sheet Copper Step Flashing Tile 5 Minimum

16 Oz. Sheet Copper Vertical Flange Extending Up Side Wall 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Channel Flashing

Minimum 1/2 Leg

3 Minimum Under Tile

24

Figure 4.9 Copper Step Flashing with Flat Shingle Tile

Figure 4.10 Channel Flashing with Pan and Cover Tile

5 Flashing at Open Valley at Main Roof

to Dormer Juncture
For flashing where an open valley occurs at the intersection of a dormer roof and the main roof, the following steps should be taken. 1. The main roof tiles should be installed to just above the lower end of the valley, where the valley and the main roof intersect. Along the roof/wall juncture, step or channel flashing must be used and the last tile in the course should fit closely against the wall of the dormer. See Figure 4.11.
2 Extension

2. The bottom end of the copper valley flashing should be cut so that it extends 1/2 below the down-slope edge of the dormer roof deck at the bottom of the valley. This lower cut edge should project a minimum of 2 below the intersection of the dormer and main roof.

Copper Valley Approximately 24 Wide

1/2

Minimum Extension

2 Minimum Extension

Step Flashing

Dormer Roof First Course Shingle Under Eave Tile Dormer Siding Copper Step Flashing Copper Counter Flashing 4 Minimum Copper Apron Flashing

Figure 4.11 Open Valley at Main Roof to Dormer Juncture with Flat Shingle Tile

25

6 Flashing at Chimney
Since the foundations of chimneys are usually structurally separate, the flashing around chimneys needs to be able to accommodate movement from differential settlement without compromising the watertightness of the roof. Regardless of the climate, install WinterGuard or self-adhesive modified bitumen membrane around the base of the chimney before the underlayment is applied as a protection against ice dams. Four types of flashing are required to properly flash around chimneys. 1. Apron flashing at the downslope face over the installed tiles 4 minimum exposed width, 6 up the face of the chimney and continuously counterflashed. 2. Step flashing (for flat tiles) or channel flashing (for profile tiles) along the sides of the chimney. Use the details from Figures 4.9 or 4.10, Page 24. 3. Cricket or backer flashing on the upslope side or back. 4. Continuous counterflashing embedded in masonry joints. Counterflashing Sheet copper counterflashing should be installed to overlap all vertical flashing flanges extended up the sides of chimneys. This is best accomplished by the mason during construction. See Figure 4.12.
6 Minimum 16 Oz. Copper Vertical Flange Flashing

16 Oz. Copper Upslope Cricket Flashing 16 Oz.Copper Counterflashing

Apron Flashing with Hemmed Drip Edge 16 Oz. Copper Step Flashing 4 16 Oz. Copper Apron Flashing

Figure 4.12 Chimney Flashing with Shingle Tile

16 Oz. Copper Upslope Cricket Flashing 6 Minimum 16 Oz. Copper Vertical Flange Flashing 16 Oz.Copper Counterflashing

Continuous Counterflashing Embedded in Mortar Joint 16 Oz. Copper Counterflashing 16 Oz. Copper Channel Flashing Cover Tile Waterproof Underlayment Pan Tile Masonry Chimney Soft Metal Apron Flashing with Sufficient Length for Forming Over Tile Contours

16 Oz. Copper Channel Flashing 4 16 Oz. Copper Apron Flashing

Figure 4.13 Chimney Flashing with Mission Tile

Note: A cricket is required to direct water runoff around the upslope side of the chimney.
Roof Deck

26

Figure 4.14 Examples of Counterflashing in Mortar Joint

7 Additional Flashing Details

Plumbing pipe vents and stacks, skylights, roof-to-roof transition, and other penetrations all require special flashing.
16 Oz. Copper Backflashing Extends Upslope Under Tiles Approximately 24 16 Oz. Copper Sheet or Soft Metal Flashing Extended Upslope to Achieve 3 Head Lap WinterGuard or Waterproof Underlayment Roll Top of Flashing into Pipe or Cap with Formed Soft Metal Cap

Integral Counterflashing with Hemmed Drip Edge

4 Minimum 16 Oz. Copper Apron Flashing with Lower Edge Hemmed Under Raised Curb

Waterproof Underlayment Turned Up at Curb 16 Oz. Copper Counterflashing 16 Oz. Copper Step Flashing Soldered Flashing Sleeve Figure 4.16 Pipe Penetration Flashing for Shingle Tile

Figure 4.15 Flashing at Skylights

Roll Top of Flashing Into Pipe or Cap with Formed, Soft Metal

Soil Pipe Through Roof Soldered Flashing Sleeve (Copper or Lead) Metal Flashing Extended Upslope to Achieve a 3 Head Lap WinterGuard or Waterproof Underlayment

Primary Flashing Sleeve Install with Sealant

Roof Deck Figure 4.17 Pipe Penetration Flashing for Spanish Tiles

27

Waterproof Underlayment Field Tile 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing Metal Copper Cleat Roof Deck 1 x 2 Pressure Treated Wood Cant Strip Sealant Field Tile Sealant GAMBREL Transition 16 Oz. Copper Flashing (Angles Change According to Roof Slope)

WinterGuard or Waterproof Underlayment Figure 4.18 Flashing at High Slope to Low Slope (for Interlocking Tile)

Waterproof Underlayment

Roof Deck

Field Tile

HIGH TO LOW SLOPE Transition Copper Flashing (Angles Change According to Roof Slope)

16 Oz. Copper Cleat 1 x 2 Pressure Treated Wood Cant Strip

16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing Metal Waterproof Underlayment Field Tile Sealant Sealant Vertical Fascia Under Eave Tile 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Drip Edge

Figure 4.19 Flashing at Low Slope to High Slope (for Interlocking Tile)

Roof Deck

Sealant Optional Pressure Treated Wood Cant Strip Sealant

Waterproof Underlayment

16 Oz. Copper Cleat 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing Under Eave Tile 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Drip Edge

Sealant Vertical Fascia

Figure 4.20 Flashing to Curved Rafter (for Interlocking Tile)

28

Flat Shingle Tile Installation

Nominal 2 Wide Treated Wood Ridge Stringer Long Top Tile Short Top Tile V-Ridge Tile V - 2 Hip & 1 Ridge Terminal (Starter) Sealant Roof Deck Nominal 2 Wide Treated Wood Hip Stringer Waterproof Underlayment End Band Cut Field Tile for Hip Left Waterproof Underlayment

Under Eave Tile

Field Tile

V-Hip Starter Tile

IMPORTANT: Before starting tile installation, it is important that the roofer understand how the Flat Shingle Tile pattern being installed relates to the roof design.

Instructions Specific to Installing Flat Shingle Tile

1 Tile Cant Strips
Cant strips for Ludowici Flat Shingle tile are required at the eave line together with the under eave tile to provide the proper angle for the starter course (see Figure 5.4, Page 32). The cant strip nominal dimensions should be per Chart 5.1 and a maximum length of 48. Cant strips are to be installed with a 1/2 gap between the ends of the strips.

The following roof preparations must be completed before installing any roof tile.
For detailed information on these items refer to the previous sections in this book or the NRCA Manual on Steep Roofing. Install the flashings required for ensuring watertightness: Eave Flashing Rake Edge Flashing Valley Flashing Dormer and Sidewall Flashing, Skylight Flashing, Chimney and Cricket Flashing Vent Flashing Underlayment for the entire roof deck, including the appropriate waterproof underlayments required for all flashing and, where required, the ice dam membrane Roof surface chalked with vertical and horizontal lines

29

section

If the cant strip is to be installed directly (on top) of the underlayment, they are to be pressure-treated, foundation-grade wood and installed to have a 1/2 gap between the ends of the 48 long cant strips.
WinterGuard or Waterproof Underlayment Overlaps Flashing Flange

If the cant strip is installed directly to the wood decking, refer to the Figure 5.2 for proper installation details.

2 Pressure Treated Cant Strip

WinterGuard or Waterproof Underlayment Overlaps Flashing Flange

2 Pressure Treated Cant Strip

Roof Deck 16 Oz. Copper Extended Edge Perimeter Flashing

Roof Deck 16 Oz. Copper Raised Drip Edge Flashing

Vertical Fascia

Vertical Fascia

Figure 5.1 Cant Strip Installed Directly to the Underlayment Prior to Under Eave Fitting

Figure 5.2 Cant Strip Installed Directly to the Wood Deck Prior to Under Eave Fitting

Chart 5.1: Cant Strip Nominal Dimensions When Using an Under Eave Tile Flat Shingle Tile Style Flat Slab Shingle 3/8 Flat Slab Shingle 5/8 Antique, Brittany, Calais, Colonial, Crude, Georgian, Norman, and Provincial Nominal Size of Cant Strip
3/4

x 2 1 x 2 1 x 2

30

2 Hip and Ridge Stringers

If the design requires Hip and Ridge tile, nominal 2 wide wood stringers are required. All wood stringers should be pressure-treated, foundationgrade wood and should be covered with a 36 wide, self-adhesive modified bitumen membrane, such as CertainTeed WinterGuard, or 2 layers of No. 43 coated base sheet. Consult Chart 5.2 to determine the correct stringer height for V-Hip and Ridge regular tile. Ridge roof pitches exceeding 14 rise to 12 run require the contractor to measure the roof for stringer height. See Chart 5.3.

Chart 5.2: Flat Slab Shingle Hip and Ridge Stringer Heights Roof Pitch 5 Rise to 12 Run 6 Rise to 12 Run 7 Rise to 12 Run 8 Rise to 12 Run 9 Rise to 12 Run 10 Rise to 12 Run 11 Rise to 12 Run 12 Rise to 12 Run 13 Rise to 12 Run 14 Rise to 12 Run V-Hip 2 1/4 2 2 1 3/4 1 3/4 1 1/2 1 1/2 1 1/4 1 1/4 1 1/4 V-Ridge 1
13/16 9/16 3/8 1/4 3/16 9/16 7/16 1/4 1/8

Chart 5.3: Roof Pitch Specific For V-Ridge/Hip Type Hip/Ridge V-Ridge Regular V-Ridge Intermediate V-Ridge Steep Pitch V-Hip Regular Degree 116 Degrees 90 Degrees 75 Degrees 116 Degrees Roof Pitch/Rise to Run up to 10 1/2 rise to 12 run from 10 1/2 to 20 rise to 12 run greater than 20 rise to 12 run up to 18 rise to 12 run

3 Under Eave Tile

Installation of all the Ludowici flat shingle tile patterns requires an Under Eave Tile. The under eave tiles are normally laid right to left or laid from the gable end to a valley. Normal practice requires the under eave tile to be laid with a 2 overhang at the eave and a 1 overhang at the rake. Lay the under eave course loose across the slope of the cant strip to determine what adjustments, if any, are needed in the course before nails or screws are installed. Once layout is established, install the under eave tile in the normal right to left fashion.

1/2 Hem

Ply No. 43 Coated Base Sheet (shown) or 2 Layers of No. 30 Felt

Roof Deck

2 Minimum Head Lap

Waterproof Underlayment

4 Minimum End Lap

End Band (Half Tile)

1/2 Gap

Full Shingle Tile 16 Oz. Copper Drip Edge Flashing Under Eave Tile Cant Strip First Course 1 Overhang at Rake Second Course

Figure 5.3 Under Eave Tile Installation

31

4 First and Succeeding Courses of Tile

Flat shingle clay tile are laid out from right to left, in double thickness. The starter course begins with an end band (half tile) placed directly over the first under eave tile. All joints of the starter course and succeeding courses should be centered over the previous course or at least 3 from any other underlying vertical joint.

5 Points to Remember During

Field Tile Installation
Tile installation will generally progress in a diagonal fashion, moving from the starting point of the under eave tile. Use the chalk lines as a guide. Watch for any irregularities in the roof deck construction. After the installation of about 75-100 tiles, the roof should be inspected from the ground at a distance greater than 40 feet to determine that there are no streaks or blotches. To ensure a good range of tones, this inspection must be done at regular intervals. When each course is 10 to 12 tiles from the terminating end, compare the remaining distance to the width of the tiles to determine if a slight crowding or stretching of the tile may be required to ensure the last piece in the course is an end band (1/2 tile) or a full tile. DO NOT crowd or pull to the extreme any more than 5 or 6 pieces positioned side by side.

Note: Each shingle field tile is provided with (2) two fastening nail holes. When installing field tiles or accessories care should be taken to fasten each tile with nails or screws in every provided fastening hole.

The second course should be laid to provide the proper exposure, creating the 2 triple thickness area (see Figure 5.4). See Valley Tiles, Page 32, for information on installing tiles of roof decks which include valleys.

Note: End bands shall be fastened typical of standard field tile, but also requires flashing cement (meeting requirements of ASTM D-4586) applied between the head laps.
Field Tile Length

Underlayment 2 Layers of No. 30 Felt or 1 Layer of No. 43 Coated Base Sheet or Self-Adhesive Modified Bitumen Membrane as Required

Standard Head LapAverage Exposure +2

Average Exposure

Roof Deck Triple Lap

2 Under Eave Tile 2 2 Overhang Triple Lap

Vertical Fascia

Pressure Treated Wood Cant Strip

16 Oz. Copper Raised Drip Edge Flashing Figure 5.4 Providing Proper Exposure

32

6 Valley Tiles
Tiles to be installed in valleys can be mitered in the field or by ordering and using special factory tiles. Whether field miter cut or factory tiles are used, the tile fasteners should never penetrate the valley flashings. Tile to be installed over the copper valley flashing should be drilled or notched and wired with solid 16 gauge wire to fasteners driven into the deck beyond the flashing.

7 Ridge and Hip Tiles

Hip and ridge self-adhesive modified bitumen membrane or two layers of No. 43 coated base sheet as required are applied after the field tiles of both roof areas have been laid and the tiles in each intersecting course cut to the apex of hip or ridge. Begin laying the hip at the downslope end and the ridge from the leeward end. This underlayment requirement must extend over the field tiles by approximately 3 to 6.

Note: Notching and drilling was addressed previously on Page 20. In situations where valley tile pieces are so small that it is not practical to notch or drill, use the adhesive RT600 (an OSI product) or its equivalent.

Note: It may be beneficial to lay out the chosen ridge system on the stringer to determine lap (no less than 2). This will prevent having to traverse the installed tiles later.

If special factory valley tile are being applied prior to installation, it will be beneficial to loose lay the entire eave field tile course including the valley tile. This loose laying process of the valleys left side will advance as a typical installation would, from right to left. But, when loose laying the valleys right side, it will advance from left to right. With the installation of shingle tiles, this should not create any concerns. Start by loose laying the valley tile to the already chalked valley line and continue away from the valley with the first course of tile. Once layout is established, install the tiles in the normal right to left fashion. The loose laying process becomes vitally important when the roof deck runs from valley-to-valley. The focus must be to space the eave course so it consists of all full field tile and is finished on both ends with the special cut valley tiles or so it consists of all full field tile, one end band (half tile) and is finished, as stated above, with the special cut valley tiles. Keep in mind not to allow any more than 1/4 side gap between two tiles and not to crowd any more than 5 pieces together. When the distance between valleys is so minimal that it does not allow for the above mentioned spacing, one field tile per course will require field cutting to allow for proper layup. If field mitered valley tiles are applied, they should be trimmed to provide a clean, even, continuous edge along the entire valley length.

Ridge Tile The Flat Shingle ridge tile roof can be finished in several ways (see Figures 5.6, 5.7 and 5.8). V-Hip and Ridge is the preferred installation method as it is the best design to prevent water from reaching the underlayment.

Note: Applying ridge tiles with the lap facing away from the prevailing winds helps the tile shed wind-driven rain.

33

Saddle Ridge/Mitered Ridge A saddle ridge and a mitered ridge uses Long Top tiles with Header Course tiles. Flashing cement must be applied where the header course tiles overlay each other and where they rest on the long tops. The ridge angles and hip/ridge terminal shall be mitered in the field for proper fit, nailed or wired and set in flashing cement meeting the requirements of ASTM D-4586. Refer to Figures 5.5 and 5.6 for proper installation sequence and details.

Header Course Ridge Header Course Hip Roll Saddle Type

Note: Sealant Applied Under Tiles All Edges

Figure 5.5 Saddle Type Hip and Ridge

34

Waterproof Underlayment Sealant Long Top Tile

7 Header Course Ridge

Sealant

Under Eave Tile

Field Tile Pressure Treated Nailing Strip

Roof Deck

Waterproof Underlayment Pressure Treated Wood Cant Strip Figure 5.6 Saddle Ridge

16 Oz. Copper Under Eave Drip Edge

Sealant Waterproof Underlayment

Header Course

Sealant

Long Top Tile

Shingle Field Tile

Pressure Treated Nailing Strip Roof Deck Waterproof Underlayment

Figure 5.7 Mitered Ridge

35

V-Ridge Tile The use of Ludowicis V-Ridge with the Shingle Tile pattern requires the use of Long Tops and Short Tops. See Figure 5.8 for sequence of installation.
V-Ridge Tile Sealant Waterproof Underlayment

Cover with Sealant if Fastener is Exposed

Short Top Tile

Long Top Tile Flat Shingle Field Tile Pressure Treated Wood Ridge Pole Pressure Treated Nailing Strip

Roof Deck

Required Waterproof Underlayment

Figure 5.8 V-Ridge

Flashing cement must be applied to the overlap of each ridge tile and where they rest on the field tile. Closed V-Ridge pieces or V-Hip and Ridge terminals are used to start and finish the ridge. The ridge finisher will have an exposed fastener which should be sealed with flashing cement meeting ASTM D-4586. Some roof terminations may require a combination of typical flashing details or a special tile piece. Consult the local Ludowici sales representative with the projects special roof requirements. A vented ridge system is available through AirVent that can accommodate the V-Ridge tile. The Shingle Vent II-9 system is recommended for slopes 3:12 to 12:12. On slopes from 7:12 to 12:12 it may be necessary to seal the bottom of the vent to the field tile using the approved silicone building sealant. Shingle Vent II-9 carries a 30-year warranty. For additional details call 1-800-AirVent.

Hip Tile There are 3 methods to finish the hips of a flat shingle tile roof depending on the design aesthetics desired. These methods are flushed mitered, saddle hip, or the use of a V-Hip tile. Mitered Hip A flush mitered hip can be done by accurately miter-cutting the field tile and sealing the finished joint with an approved sealant meeting the requirements of ASTM D-4586. Saddle Hip Header Course tile is used to form a Saddle Hip and is sealed with an approved sealant meeting the requirements of ASTM D-4586 and is installed as shown in Figure 5.5.

36

Fascia

Pressure Treated Wood Blocking

Short Top Tile

Adhesive Long Top Tile Waterproof Underlayment

Adhesive Siding Corner Adhesive Under Eave Tile

Required Waterproof Underlayment

Pressure Treated Wood Cant Strip

16 Oz. Sheet Copper Step Flashing 3 Minimum Overlap, 6 Above Roof Deck, 1/2 Hem

Roof Deck

Figure 5.9 Vertical Wall Detail

Note: The ridge angles and hip/ridge terminal, for both mitered hip or saddle hip, shall be mitered in the field for proper fit, nailed or wired, and set in flashing cement meeting the requirements of ASTM D-4586.

8 Vertical Wall Option

Flat shingle tile can also be used on a vertical surface. Short tops and long tops and under eave cant strips are used (see Figure 5.9).

V-Hip Tile Hips are started with a special V-Hip Starter tile which should cover the field tile approximately 3 on both sides. The regular V-Hip tile is then installed by creating an approximate 2 head lap on the V-Hip starter tile. This 2 head lap is continued up the hip and flashing cement is applied at each hip tiles overlap. The last fastener on the upslope end of the hip is typically covered with a V-Hip and Ridge Terminal. Some roof termination may require a combination of typical flashing details or a special tile piece. Consult the local Ludowici sales representative with projects special roof requirements.

9 Accessory Pieces
Standard Fittings Specific standard fittings are manufactured for each style of field tile. These fittings provide better protection against water penetrating beneath the tile than field mitered pieces. Chart 5.4 provides overall lengths, standard exposures, weights, and pieces per box of these standard accessories. Custom Fittings All custom fittings are special order to specifications. Ludowici creates custom fittings from design sketches using Computer Aided Design (CAD) technology and company artisans who craft the tiles by hand.

37

38
Short Top End Band Under Eave Header Course V-Hip & Ridge Regular 116 V-Hip & Ridge Intermediate 90 V-Ridge Closed Ridge End Regular V-Hip Starter Regular 6 x 5 6 x 5 80 3.1 lbs./ft. 7 x 5 7 x 5 80 3.1 lbs./ft. 3 1/2 x 12 3 1/2 x 5 80 3.7 lbs./ft. 7 x 7 7 x 7 80 3.8 lbs./ft. 7 x 12 7 x 9 80 5.0 lbs./ft. 14 1/4 12 38 7.4 lbs./ft. 14 1/4 12 32 7.7 lbs./ft. 3 x 12 3 x 5 80 3.7 lbs./ft. 6 x 7 6 x 7 80 3.8 lbs./ft. 6 x 12 6 x 9 80 5.0 lbs./ft. 14 1/4 12 38 7.4 lbs./ft. 14 1/4 12 32 7.7 lbs./ft. 14 1/4 12 4 8.0 lbs./pc. 14 1/4 12 4 8.0 lbs./pc. 15 1/2 12 4 8.0 lbs./pc. 15 1/2 12 4 8.0 lbs./pc. 7 x 6 1/2 7 x 6 1/2 80 3.1 lbs./ft. 6 x 5 6 x 5 80 3.1 lbs./ft. 8 x 6 1/2 8 x 6 1/2 80 3.1 lbs./ft. 4 x 15 4 x 6 1/2 80 3.7 lbs./ft. 3 x 12 3 x 5 80 3.7 lbs./ft. 6 x 7 6 x 7 80 3.8 lbs./ft. 8 x 8 1/2 8 x 8 1/2 80 3.8 lbs./ft. 3 1/2 x 15 3 1/2 x 6 1/2 80 3.7 lbs./ft. 7 x 8 1/2 7 x 8 1/2 80 3.8 lbs./ft. 7 x 15 7 x 12 80 5.0 lbs./ft. 6 x 12 6 x 9 80 5.0 lbs./ft. 8 x 15 8 x 12 80 5.0 lbs./ft. 14 1/4 12 38 7.4 lbs./ft. 14 1/4 12 38 7.4 lbs./ft. 14 1/4 12 38 7.4 lbs./ft. 14 1/4 12 32 7.7 lbs./ft. 14 1/4 12 32 7.7 lbs./ft. 14 1/4 12 32 7.7 lbs./ft. 14 1/4 12 4 8.0 lbs./pc. 14 1/4 12 4 8.0 lbs./pc. 14 1/4 12 4 8.0 lbs./pc. 15 1/2 12 4 8.0 lbs./pc. 15 1/2 12 4 8.0 lbs./pc. 15 1/2 12 4 8.0 lbs./pc.

Chart 5.4: Flat Tile Accessories

Tile Type

Long Top

Flat Slab Shingle 3/8 & 5/8 Actual Size 6 x 9 Exposure 6 x 5 Pieces/Box 80 Weight 5.0 lbs./ft. Antique, Brittany Actual Size 7 x 9 Exposure 7 x 5 Pieces/Box 80 Weight 5.0 lbs./ft. Calais, Colonial, Norman, Provincial Actual Size 7 x 10 1/2 Exposure 7 x 6 1/2 Pieces/Box 80 Weight 5.0 lbs./ft. Crude Actual Size 6 x 9 Exposure 6 x 5 Pieces/Box 80 Weight 5.0 lbs./ft. Georgian Actual Size 8 x 10 1/2 Exposure 8 x 6 1/2 Pieces/Box 80 Weight 5.0 lbs./ft.

Interlocking Tile Installation

Nominal 2 Wide Pressure Treated Ridge Stringer 211 Ridge Tile 118/211 2 Hip & 1 Ridge Terminal (Starter) Roof Deck Required Waterproof Underlayment End Band Tile 118 Hip Roll Tile Sealant Nominal 2 Wide Pressure Treated Hip Stringer Waterproof Underlayment Cut Field Tile for Hip 168 Hip Starter Tile

Detached Left Gable Rake Tile

Under Eave Tile

Field Tile

IMPORTANT: Before starting tile installation, it is important that the roofer understand how the Interlocking Tile pattern being installed relates to the roof design.

Note: Interlocking tiles utilize detached rake edge tile for both the right and left sides of the gables. Therefore, rake edge flashing is not required when these tiles are used. An attached rake tile can also be used if specified by the architect and ordered from the factory.

The following roof preparations must be completed before installing any roof tile.
For detailed information on these items refer to the previous sections in this book or the NRCA Manual on Steep Roofing. Install the flashings required for ensuring watertightness: Eave Flashing Rake Edge Flashing Valley Flashing Dormer and Sidewall Flashing, Skylight Flashing, Chimney and Cricket Flashing Vent Flashing Underlayment for the entire roof deck, including the appropriate waterproof underlayments required for all flashing and, where required, the ice dam membrane Roof surface chalked with vertical and horizontal lines

Instructions Specific to Installing Interlocking Tile

1 Hip and Ridge Stringers
Interlocking tile typically use Hip and Ridge tiles to complete the roof and are installed on nominal 2 wide wood stringers. All stringers should be pressuretreated, foundation-grade wood and should be covered with a 36 wide, self-adhesive modified bitumen membrane, such as CertainTeed WinterGuard, or 2 layers of No. 43 coated base sheet. Consult Chart 6.2 to determine the correct stringer height for the hip and/or ridge tile to be used. Roof pitches (Chart 6.1) exceeding 14 rise to 12 run require the contractor to measure the roof for stringer height.

39

section

Chart 6.1: Roof Pitch Specific For Ridge/Hip Type Hip/Ridge V-Ridge Regular or No. 211 Ridge Regular V-Ridge Intermediate or No. 211 Ridge Intermediate V-Ridge Steep Pitch or No. 211 Ridge Steep Pitch V-Hip Regular Degree 116 Degrees 90 Degrees 75 Degrees 116 Degrees Roof Pitch/Rise to Run up to 10 1/2 rise to 12 run from 10 1/2 to 20 rise to 12 run greater than 20 rise to 12 run up to 18 rise to 12 run

Chart 6.2: Interlocking Hip & Ridge Stringer Heights Roof Pitch 4 Rise to 12 Run 5 Rise to 12 Run 6 Rise to 12 Run 7 Rise to 12 Run 8 Rise to 12 Run 9 Rise to 12 Run 10 Rise to 12 Run 11 Rise to 12 Run 12 Rise to 12 Run 13 Rise to 12 Run 14 Rise to 12 Run 118 Hip 2 7/8 2 7/8 2 7/8 2 3/4 2 3/4 2 3/4 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 211 Ridge 3 1/8 2 7/8 2 5/8 2 3/8 2 1/8 1 7/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 7/8 5/8 V-Hip 2 1/4 2 1/4 2 2 1 3/4 1 3/4 1 1/2 1 1/2 1 1/4 1 1/4 1 1/4 V-Ridge 1 1/4 1 13/16 9/16 3/8 1/4 3/16 9/16 7/16 1/4 1/8

2 Under Eave Tile

Installation of most Ludowici Interlocking Tile patterns require the use of an Under Eave Tile. This under eave tile provides the proper cant angle for the starter course. The under eave tiles are normally laid right to left, or laid from the gable end to a valley. Normal practice requires the under eave tile to be laid with a 2 overhang at the eave and flush at the rake. Lay the under eave course loose across the slope to determine what adjustments, if any, are needed in the course before nails or screws are installed. Once layout is established, install these Under Eave tile in the normal right to left fashion.

40

3 First and Succeeding Courses of Tile

Interlocking clay tile are normally laid from right to left starting with the right detached gable rake. The detached gable rake serves as a flashing detail for the rake edge and is available in left- and righthand versions. These tile shall be installed with the fasteners typical to the field tile installation, but they will also require flashing cement (meeting requirements of ASTM D-4586) to be applied between the contact areas of the field tile and the gable rake. When looking at the eave courses of the field tiles, the gable rakes to the right are called the rights and vise-versa. After installing the right detached gable rake, the starter course will begin with a full tile placed directly over the first under eave tile. The second course will be started with an end band tile and will be laid to provide the proper vertical exposure with the normal head lap of 3. This exposure is continued through each successive course. All joints of the second course and succeeding courses should be at the center line of the previous course. If the interlocking tile are to start at a valley it is suggested to lay the tile loose across the slope to determine what adjustments, if any, are needed in the course before nails or screws are installed.

Note: Each field tile is provided with (2) two fastening nail holes. When installing interlocking field tiles or accessories, care should be taken to fasten each tile with nails or screws in every provided fastening hole.

4 Points to Remember During

Field Tile Installation
Tile installation will generally progress in a diagonal fashion, moving from the starting point of the under eave tile. Use the chalk lines as a guide. Watch for any irregularities in the roof deck construction. After the installation of about 75-100 tiles, the roof should be inspected from the ground at a distance greater than 40 feet to determine that there are no streaks or blotches. To ensure a good range of tones, this inspection must be done at regular intervals. When each course is 10 to 12 tiles from the terminating end, compare the remaining distance to the width of the tiles to determine if a slight crowding or stretching of the tile may be required to ensure the last piece in the course is an end band (1/2 tile) or a full tile. DO NOT crowd or pull to the extremes any more than 5 or 6 pieces positioned side by side.

Interlocking Field Tile

End Band Tile Ice Dam Waterproof Underlayment 1 Layer of Self-Adhesive Modified Bitumen Membrane

Under Eave Tile

Right Detached Gable Rake Tile

Figure 6.1 Rakes for Interlocking Flat Tile

41

5 Valley Tiles
Tiles to be installed in valleys can be mitered in the field or by ordering and using special factory tiles. Whether field miter cut or factory tiles are used, the tile fasteners should never penetrate the valley flashings. Tile to be installed over the copper valley flashing should be drilled or notched and wired with solid 16 gauge copper bare or coated wire to fasteners driven into the deck beyond the flashing (see Figure 4.8, Page 23).

The installation of the interlocking tiles will slow the process initially. Each tile, when spaced on the deck, will require a slightly upward lifting to allow for the proceeding tile to be laid into the interlocking channel. Once the spacing is approved, the space can return to the standard. The tiles can be fastened in the typical right to left pattern. The loose laying process becomes vitally important when the roof deck runs from valley-to-valley. The focus must be to space the eave course so it consists of all full field tile and is finished on both ends with the special cut valley tiles or so it consists of all full field tile, one end band (half tile) and is finished, as stated above, with the special cut valley tiles. Keep in mind not to allow any more than 5 pieces pulled to the extreme or crowded together. When the distance between valleys is so minimal it does not allow for the above mentioned spacing, one field tile per course will require field cutting to allow for proper lay up. If field mitered valley tiles are applied, they should be trimmed to provide a clean, even, continuous edge along the entire valley length.

Note: In situations where valley tile pieces are so small that it is not practical to notch or drill, use the adhesive RT600 (an OSI product) or its equivalent.

If special factory valley tile are being applied prior to installation, it will be beneficial to loose lay the entire eave field tile course including the valley tile. This loose laying process of the valleys left side will advance as a typical installation would, from right to left. But, when loose laying the valleys right side, it will advance from left to right.

Figure 6.2 Cut Hip - Left and Cut Valley - Right

42

6 Ridge and Hip Tiles

Ridge Tile The ridge for Interlocking Tile can be finished in several ways (see Figures 6.3 and 6.4). Note: It may be beneficial to lay out the chosen ridge system on the stringer to determine lap (no less than 2). This will prevent having to traverse the installed tiles later. Applying ridge tiles with the lap facing away from the prevailing winds helps the tile shed wind-driven rain.

V-Ridge & 211 Ridge Tile A flashing cement meeting the requirements of ASTM D-4586 must be used at the overlap of each ridge tile and where they rest on the field tile. Closed ridge pieces or Hip and Ridge terminals are used to start and finish the ridge. The ridge finisher will have an exposed fastener which should be sealed with flashing cement meeting the requirements of ASTM D-4586. Some roof termination may require a combination of typical flashing details or a special tile piece. Consult the local Ludowici sales representative with the projects special roof requirements. See Figure 6.4 for sequence of installation.
V-Ridge Detail
V-Ridge Tile Waterproof Underlayment or 2 Layers of No. 43 Coated Base Sheet

Sealant

Sealant

Field Tile

Roof Deck

Roof Deck

Required Waterproof Underlayment

2X Wood Block

Required Waterproof Underlayment

211 Ridge Detail

211 Ridge Tile

Sealant

Field Tile

Roof Deck

Roof Deck

Required Waterproof Underlayment Figure 6.3

2X Wood Block

Required Waterproof Underlayment

V-Ridge and 211 Ridge Tile Detail

43

3/8

Diameter Venting Holes at 1 O.C. (Both Sides) Resulting in 2.65 Sq. In. Venting Area Per Lineal Foot Cap Flashing
3/4 Air Gaps

Bug Screen

211 Vented Ridge Wind Diverter Formed from 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing Metal

Seal to the Tile with Recommended Sealant

Field Tile
3/4 Air Gaps 3/4 Air Gaps

Roof Deck

2X Wood Block

Required Waterproof Underlayment

Figure 6.4 211 Ventilated Intermediate Ridge

Note: A vented ridge system is available through AirVent that can accommodate the V-Ridge tile. The Shingle Vent II-9 system is recommended for slopes 3:12 to 12:12. On slopes from 7:12 to 12:12 it may be necessary to seal the bottom of the vent to the field tile using the approved silicone building sealant. Shingle Vent II-9 carries a 30-year warranty. For additional details call 1-800-AirVent.

Figure 6.5 211 Vented Ridge

44

Mitered Ridge & Hip If special requirements do not allow the use of standard ridge tile, the ridge can be sealed by using mitered tiles. The hip area would then be finished using field cut interlocking field tile. The ridge angles and hip/ridge terminal shall be mitered in the field for proper fit, nailed or wired and set in flashing cement meeting the requirements of ASTM D-4586. Exterior joints would then be finished with a sealant. See Figures 6.6, 6.7 and 6.8.

Note: For possible saddle or mitered application of mitered tiles, reference Figures 5.5, 5.6 and 5.7, Pages 34 and 35.

Sealant Pressure Treated Wood Cant Strip 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing or Required Waterproof Underlayment

Interlocking Shingle Tile

Required Waterproof Underlayment

Roof Deck

Under Eave Tile

Figure 6.6 Header Course Ridge Tile with Interlocking Tile

16 Oz. Sheet Copper Drip Edge

Chamfered Short Course Tile

Sealant Required Underlayment Chamfered Cut Hips Waterproof Underlayment

Chamfered Cut Hip Tile

Roof Deck

Section Thru Hip

Figure 6.7 Chamfered Cut Hips & Short Course with Interlocking Tile

Elevation
Figure 6.8 Chamfered Cut Hips & Short Course with Interlocking Tile

45

Hip Tile The hip runs are finished by using either the V-Hip style tile or the 118 style hip tile. Hips are started with a special V-Hip starter or 168 Hip Starter tile which should cover the field tile approximately 3 on both sides. The V-Hip and Ridge tile or 118 tile is then installed by creating an approximate 2 head lap on the V-Hip Starter tile. This 2 head lap is continued up the hip and flashing cement is used at each hip tile overlap. The last fastener on the upslope end of the hip typically is covered with a V-Hip and Ridge Terminal which must be specified as a starter or finisher depending on the direction of the ridge layout. If this last fastener is not covered, it must be sealed with flashing cement meeting the requirements of ASTM D-4586. Some roof termination may require a combination of typical flashing details or a special tile piece. Consult the local Ludowici sales representative with the projects special roof requirements. Reference Figure 6.9 for section through V-Hip and Ridge tile and 118 Hip tile.

Note: The NRCA suggests setting the chalk lines so that they diverge at the rate of 18 per foot (1%) as they approach the downslope roof perimeter. When a course of tile extends into the valley, the last tile should be trimmed to provide a clean, even continuous edge along the valley.

Tiles in valleys can be mitered in the field or special factory prepared valley tiles can be installed. The special cut valley fittings generally result in less water entering underneath the tile.

118 Hip Tile 2 Layers of No. 43 Coated Base Sheet or Waterproof Underlayment Field Tile

Sealant V-Hip & Ridge Tile 2 Layers of No. 43 Coated Base Sheet or Waterproof Underlayment

Sealant Field Tile

118 Hip Detail (Interlocking) Roof Deck

V-Hip Detail (Interlocking) Roof Deck

Figure 6.9 Hip Details

46

7 Accessory Pieces
Standard Fittings Standard tile fittings are manufactured for each style of field tile. These tile fittings provide better protection against water penetrating beneath the tile than field mitered pieces. Charts 6.3 and 6.4 provide overall lengths, standard exposure, weight, and pieces per box of these standard accessories. Chart 6.3: Field Tile Accessories
Tile Type End Band Detached Gable Rake Right and Left (Left Shown) Under Eave

Custom Fittings All custom fittings are special order to specifications. Ludowici creates custom fittings from design sketches using Computer Aided Design (CAD) technology and company artisans who craft the tiles by hand.

Americana, Classic, Lanai, Williamsburg Actual Size Exposure Pieces/Box Weight Americana XL, Classic XL, Lanai XL, Williamsburg XL Actual Size Exposure Pieces/Box Weight Imperial Actual Size Exposure Pieces/Box Weight

14 11 80 3.3 lbs./ft.

14 11 150 1.6 lbs./ft.

12 12 150 2.3 lbs./ft.

16 13 80 4.2 lbs./ft. 15 12 73 3.3 lbs./ft.

16 13 150 2.1 lbs./ft. 15 12 138 1.6 lbs./ft.

12 12 150 2.3 lbs./ft. 12 12 150 2.3 lbs./ft.

Chart 6.4: Celadon Ceramic Slate Accessories

Tile Type End Band Detached Gable Rake Right and Left (Left Shown) Rake Edge 90 Hip & Ridge 100

Celadon Actual Size Exposure Pieces/Box Weight

16 13 80 4.0 lbs./ft.

16 13 150 2.1 lbs./ft.

16 13 38 6.3 lbs./ft.

16 13 38 6.3 lbs./ft.

47

Chart 6.4: Hip and Ridge Accessories

Tile Type V-Hip & Ridge Regular 116 V-Hip & Ridge Intermediate 90 V-Ridge Closed Ridge End Regular
(Starter Shown)

V-Hip Starter Regular

V-Hip & Ridge Terminal 2H - 1R*

Americana, Classic, Lanai, Williamsburg Actual Size Exposure Pieces/Box Weight Americana XL, Classic XL, Lanai XL, Williamsburg XL Actual Size Exposure Pieces/Box Weight Imperial Actual Size Exposure Pieces/Box Weight

14 1/4 12 38 7.4 lbs./ft.

14 1/4 12 32 7.7 lbs./ft.

14 1/4 12 4 8.0 lbs./pc.

15 1/2 12 4 8.0 lbs./pc.

2 15.0 lbs./pc.

14 1/4 12 38 7.4 lbs./ft. 14 1/4 12 38 7.4 lbs./ft.

14 1/4 12 32 7.7 lbs./ft. 14 1/4 12 32 7.7 lbs./ft.

14 1/4 12 4 8.0 lbs./pc. 14 1/4 12 4 8.0 lbs./pc.

15 1/2 12 4 8.0 lbs./pc. 14 1/4 12 4 8.0 lbs./pc.

2 15.0 lbs./pc. 2 15.0 lbs./pc.

Tile Type

118 Hip Roll

168 Hip Starter

211 Ridge 116

(90 Intermediate Available)

211 Ridge Closed End

(Starter Shown)

118/211 Terminal 2H - 1R*

(Finisher Shown)

Americana, Classic, Lanai, Williamsburg Actual Size Exposure Pieces/Box Weight Americana XL, Classic XL, Lanai XL, Williamsburg XL Actual Size Exposure Pieces/Box Weight Imperial Actual Size Exposure Pieces/Box Weight

14 12 30 4.8 lbs./ft

14 12 4 5.0 lbs./pc.

13 1/4 12 18 9.7 lbs./ft.

13 1/4 12 2 14 lbs./pc.

2 20 lbs./pc.

14 12 30 4.8 lbs./ft 14 12 30 4.8 lbs./ft

14 12 4 5.0 lbs./pc. 14 12 4 5.0 lbs./pc.

13 1/4 12 18 9.7 lbs./ft. 13 1/4 12 18 9.7 lbs./ft.

13 1/4 12 2 14 lbs./pc 13 1/4 12 2 14 lbs./pc.

2 20 lbs./pc. 2 20 lbs./pc.

48

*Starters and Finishers available, specify pitch of all sides of roof.

Architectural Details of Ludowici Interlocking Tiles and Fittings

211 Ridge Tile Sealant 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing Flat Roof Material Waterproof Underlayment Sealant 211 Cut-Off Ridge Tile 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing Flat Roof Material Waterproof Underlayment

Field Tile

Field Tile

Deck Stringer

Deck Stringer

Roof Deck Figure 6.10 Deck Section Showing 211 Ridge Tile

Roof Deck Figure 6.11 Deck Section Showing 211 Cut-Off Ridge Tile

16 Oz. Sheet Copper Counterflashing Embedded in Mortar Joint

16 Oz. Copper Flashing

Field Tile

Waterproof Underlayment

1/2

Hem

Roof Deck

Figure 6.12Section Showing Flashing Under Side of Tiles

Field Tile

End Band Tile

Detatched Gable Rake

Waterproof Underlayment

Roof Deck Vertical Fascia Figure 6.13 Section Showing Right Gable Rake and End Band

49

16 Oz. Sheet Copper Cap Flashing 211 Deck Mold Raised Flange Sealant

Pressure Treated Deck Stringer

Roof Deck 4 Minimum

Under Eave Tile Extended 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Drip Edge

16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing Sealant Field Tile Waterproof Underlayment Waterproof Underlayment

Roof Deck Note: All areas in and around sunken gutter should be covered with a self-adhesive modified bitumen membrane. Under Eave Vertical Fascia Extended 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Drip Edge Roof Deck

*Consult the manufacturer of flat roofing material for proper installation.

Figure 6.14 Section Showing Sunken Gutter Treatment

Figure 6.15 Deck Section Showing 211 Deck Mold-Raised Flange Tile 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing Sealant Field Tile - Seal Bottom of Tile with Sealant Waterproof Underlayment

Continuous 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing Embedded in Mortar Joint Cover Tile 5 Minimum Sealant Field Tile - Seal Bottom of Tile with Sealant Waterproof Underlayment

Roof Deck

Figure 6.17 Deck Section Showing Flashing Over Top of Tiles

Roof Deck Waterproof Underlayment Field Tile Under Eave Tile 4 Minimum Above Top of Tile for Waterproof Underlayment Required Pressure Treated Cant Strip

Figure 6.16 Section Showing Flashing Over Top of Tiles

6 Minimum for Flashing

Sealant 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing - Cover Tile 5 Minimum Waterproof Underlayment Field Tile

50

Figure 6.18 Section Showing Flashing Under 3/8 Flat Shingle Tiles Used as Siding

Architectural Details of Ludowici Celadon Interlocking Tiles and Fittings

Waterproof Underlayment Roof Deck

First Course

Field Tile Cut 4 1/2 Long & Drilled for Under Eve Tile

Note: For Additional Undereave Application Reference Page 20 and Figure 3.11, Page 20.

3/4 to 2 Overhang

Extended Edge 16 Oz. Copper Perimeter Flashing Figure 6.19 Celadon Eve Detail with Starter Tile Vertical Fascia

First Course Waterproof Underlayment Roof Deck Pressure Treated Wood Cant Strip

Figure 6.20 Celadon Eve Detail with Cant Strip Note: For Mitered Hip Application of Mitered Tile, Reference Figure 6.7 and 6.8, Page 45. Vertical Fascia

3/4 to 2 Overhang

Cover Exposed Fastners With Sealant Pressure Treated Wood 1X Mitered Cant Strips

Sealant Sealant Cut Celadon Tile

Extended Edge 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Perimeter Flashing

Required Waterproof Membrane Sealant Sealant

Note: For Saddle Type Hip and Ridge Application, Reference Figures 5.5, Page 34. Roof Deck

Figure 6.21 Celadon Mitered Saddle Ridge

Required Waterproof Membrane

51

Architectural Details of Ludowici Celadon Interlocking Tiles and Fittings

Celadon Rake Edge Tile Apply Sealant Along the Butt Edge and the Area Between the Rake Edge and the Celadon Tile Vertical Fascia 6 Celadon Field Tile

Sealant Pressure Treated Wood 1X Nailer Roof Deck Required Waterproof Underlayment Figure 6.22 Celadon Rake Edge Tile Installation

6
3

/4

Celadon Field Tile

11/2 Minimum Coverage

Extended Edge 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Perimeter Flashing

Sealant

16 Oz. Sheet Copper Fascia Flashing with 1/2 Hem

2 Copper CleatBend Clip Over Nail Head

Vertical Fascia

Roof Deck Required Waterproof Underlayment Figure 6.23 Rake Fascia Trim Board with Flashing

Note: For Detached Gable Rake and End Band Applications Reference Figure 6.13, Page 49.

52

French Interlocking Profile Tile Installation

Nominal 2 Wide Pressure Treated Wood Ridge Stringer 206 Ridge Tile 102/206 2 Hip & 1 Ridge Terminal Tile Roof Deck As Required Underlayment 2 Layers of No. 30 Felt or 1 Layer of No. 43 Coated Base Sheet or Waterproof Underlayment End Band Tile 102 Hip Roll Tile Sealant Waterproofing Underlayment Cut Field Tile for Hip Pressure Treated Wood Hip Stringer 152 Hip Starter Tile

Detached Left Gable Rake Tile

Pressure Treated Wood Cant Strip

Field Tile

IMPORTANT: Before starting tile installation, it is important that the roofer understand how the French Interlocking Profile tile pattern being installed relates to the roof design.

The following roof preparations must be completed before installing any roof tile.
For detailed information on these items refer to the previous sections in this book or the NRCA Manual on Steep Roofing. The flashings required for ensuring watertightness: Eave Flashing Valley Flashing Dormer and Sidewall Flashing, Skylight Flashing, Chimney and Cricket Flashing Vent Flashing Underlayment for the entire roof deck, including the appropriate waterproof underlayment required for all flashing, and, where required, the ice dam membrane Roof surface chalked with vertical and horizontal lines

Note: French Interlocking Profile Tiles utilize detached rake edge tile for both the right and left sides of the gables. Therefore, rake edge flashing is not required when these tiles are used. An attached rake tile can also be used if specified by the architect and custom ordered from the factory.

Instructions Specific to Installing French Interlocking Profile Tile

1 French Interlocking Profile Tile
Cant Strips
Cant strips for Ludowici French Interlocking Profile tile are required at the eave line to provide the proper angle for the starter course. The cant strip nominal dimensions should be 1 1/2 x 2 with a maximum length of 48. Cant strips must be spaced 1/2 between ends.

Note: Reference Page 16 for additional French Tile statistics.

53

section

If the cant strip is to be installed directly to the underlayment, they are to be pressure-treated, foundation-grade wood and have a 1/2 gap between ends of the 48 cant strips.
Pressure Treated Wood Cant Strip Waterproof Underlayment or 2 Layers of No. 43 Coated Base Sheet (Overlaps Flashing Flange)

2 Hip and Ridge Stringers

French Interlocking Profile tile typically use Hip and Ridge tiles to complete the roof and are installed on nominal 2 wide wood stringers. All stringers should be pressure and treated foundationgrade wood and should be 36 wide, self-adhesive modified bitumen membrane, such as CertainTeed WinterGuard, or 2 layers of No. 43 coated base sheet. Consult Chart 7.1 to determine the correct height of the nominal 2 wide stringer for the hip and ridge tile to be used. Roof pitches exceeding 15 rise to 12 run requires the contractor to measure the roof for stringer height. Chart 7.1: Hip and Ridge Stringer Heights Roof Pitch 4 Rise to 12 Run 5 Rise to 12 Run 6 Rise to 12 Run 7 Rise to 12 Run 8 Rise to 12 Run 9 Rise to 12 Run 10 Rise to 12 Run 11 Rise to 12 Run 12 Rise to 12 Run 13 Rise to 12 Run 14 Rise to 12 Run 15 Rise to 12 Run 102 Hip 4 3/4 4 5/8 4 5/8 4 1/2 4 1/2 4 3/8 4 3/8 4 1/4 4 1/4 4 1/8 4 1/8 4 1/8 206 Ridge 5 1/4 5 4 3/4 4 1/2 4 1/4 4 3 3/4 3 1/2 3 1/4 3 2 7/8 2 5/8

Roof Deck

Extended Drip Edge 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing

Vertical Fascia

Figure 7.1 1 1/2 x 2 Cant Strip Installed Directly to the Underlayment

If the cant strip is installed directly to the wood decking, refer to Figure 7.2 for proper installation details.

1 1/2 x 2 Pressure Treated Wood Cant Strip

Waterproof Underlayment or 2 Layers of No. 43 Coated Base Sheet (Overlaps Flashing Flange)

Raised Drip Edge 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing

Vertical Fascia

54

Figure 7.2 1 1/2 x 2 Cant Strip Installed Directly to the Wood Deck

3 First and Succeeding Courses of Tile

French Interlocking Profile clay tile are laid over the cant strip from right to left. The starting course begins with the right detached gable rake which is positioned to provide a 2 overhang at the eave. The detached gable rake serves as a flashing detail for the rake edge and is available in left- and righthand versions. These tiles shall be installed with the fasteners typical to the field tile installation, but the proper installation requires flashing cement (meeting requirements of ASTM D-4586) applied between the contact areas of the field tile and the gable rake. The gable rakes to the right, when looking at the eave courses attaching to the field tiles, are the rights and vise-versa. After installing the right detached gable rake, the starter course will begin with a full tile. See Figure 7.3.

The second course will be started with an end band (half tile) and will be laid to provide the proper vertical exposure and will provide a normal head lap of 3 1/8. This is continued through each successive course. All joints of the second course and succeeding courses should be at the center line of the previous course. If the French Interlocking Profile tile are to start at a valley, it is suggested to lay the tile loose across the slope on the cant strip to determine what adjustments, if any, are needed in the course before nails or screws are installed. See Section 5. Valley Tiles, Page 56, for more valley installation information.

4 Points to Remember During

Tile Installation
Tile installation will generally progress in a diagonal fashion, moving from the right to left. The installer applying the lower course will always be to the left of those applying succeeding courses. Use the chalk lines as a guide. Watch for any irregularities in the roof deck construction. After the installation of about 75-100 tiles, the roof should be inspected from the ground at a distance greater than 40 feet to determine that there are no streaks or blotches. To ensure a good range of tones, this inspection must be done at regular intervals. When each course is 10 to 12 tiles from the terminating end, compare the remaining distance to the width of the tiles to determine if a slight crowding or stretching of the tile may be required to ensure the last piece in the course is an end band (1/2 tile) or a full tile. DO NOT crowd or pull to the extremes any more than 5 or 6 pieces positioned side by side.

End Band Tile 1 1/2 x 2 Pressure Treated Cant Strip Waterproof Underlayment or 2 Layers of No. 43 Coated Base Sheet Right Detached Gable Rake Tile

French Field Tile

Figure 7.3 First and Succeeding Course for Interlocking Profile Tile

Note: Each profile interlocking field tile is provided with (1) one fastening hole. When installing field tiles or accessories, care should be taken to fasten each tile with nails or screws in every provided fastening hole.

55

5 Valley Tiles
Tiles to be installed in valleys can be mitered in the field or by ordering and using special factory cut and closed valley tiles. These special cut and closed valley tile generally result in less water entering underneath the tile. Whether field miter cut or factory cut and closed valley tiles are used, the tile fasteners should never penetrate the valley flashings. Tile to be installed over the copper valley flashing should be drilled or notched and wired with solid 16 gauge wire to fasteners driven into the deck beyond the flashing. See Figure 4.6, Page 23.

Once the spacing is approved, the tiles can be fastened in the typical right to left pattern. The loose laying process becomes vitally important when the roof deck runs from valley-to-valley. The focus must be to space the eave course so it consists of all full field tile and is finished on both ends with the special cut valley tiles or so it consists of all full field tile, one end band (half tile) and is finished, as stated above, with the special cut valley tiles. Keep in mind not to allow any more than 5 pieces pulled to the extreme or crowded together. When the distance between valleys is so minimal it does not allow for the above mentioned spacing, one field tile per course will require field cutting to allow for proper lay up. If field mitered valley tiles are applied, they should be trimmed to provide a clean, even, continuous edge along the entire valley length.

Note: In situations where valley tile pieces are so small that it is not practical to notch or drill, use the adhesive RT600 (an OSI product) or its equivalent.

If special factory closed valley tile are being applied prior to installation, it will be beneficial to loose lay the entire eave field tile course including the valley tile. This loose laying process of the valleys left side will advance as a typical installation would, from right to left. But, when loose laying the valleys right side, it will advance from left to right.

Figure 7.4 Cut Hip - Left and Cut Valley - Right

56

206 Ridge Tile The ridge for French Interlocking Profile Tile is finished with a 206 Ridge Tile. See Chart 7.1 for sequence of installation and dimensions of the stringers required. Flashing cement must be used at the overlap of each ridge tile and where they rest on the field tile. Closed 206 Ridge pieces or 102/206 Hip and Ridge terminals are used to start and finish the ridge. The ridge finisher will have an exposed fastener which should be sealed with flashing cement meeting the requirements of ASTM D-4586. Some roof termination may require a combination of typical flashing details or a special tile piece. Consult the local Ludowici sales representative with the projects special roof requirements.

Cap Flashing

206 Vented Ridge Tile 16 Oz. Sheet Copper with 3/8 Diameter Venting Holes at 1 O.C. (Both Sides) Resulting in 2.65 Sq. In. Venting Area Per Foot

Bug Screen Vented Flashing

Wind Diverter

Field Tile Pressure Treated Wood Stringer Roof Deck

3/4

Seal to Tile with Recommended Required Sealant Underlayment Air Gap (Both Sides)

Note: It may be beneficial to lay out the chosen ridge system on the stringer to determine lap (no less than 2). This will prevent having to traverse the installed tiles later. Applying ridge tiles with the lap facing away from the prevailing winds helps the tile shed wind-driven rain.

Figure 7.6 206 Vented Ridge Vent

Hip Tile The hip area is finished by using the 102 Hip style tiles. Hips are started with a 152 Hip Starter tile covering the field tile approximately 3 on both sides. The 102 Hip Roll Tile is then installed by creating an approximate 2 head lap on the 152 Hip Starter tile. This 2 head lap is continued up the hip and flashing cement is used at each hip tile overlap, where the hip tile join the field tile, and at the hip stringer. The last fastener on the upslope end of the hip is typically covered with a 102/206 Hip and Ridge Terminal which must be specified as a starter or finisher depending on the direction of the ridge layout. Some roof termination may require a combination of typical flashing details or a special tile piece. Consult the local Ludowici sales representative with the projects special roof requirements.

Note: 206 Ridge tile is available in a vented version. See Figure 7.5.

Figure 7.5 206 Vented Ridge Vent

57

7 Accessory Pieces
Standard Fittings Standard tile fittings are manufactured for each style of field tile. These tile fittings provide better protection against water penetrating beneath the tile than field mitered pieces. Charts 7.2 and 7.3 provide overall lengths, standard exposures, weights, and pieces per box of these standard accessories. Custom Fittings All custom fittings are special order to specifications. Ludowici creates custom fittings from design sketches using Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) technology and company artisans who craft the tiles by hand.

Chart 7.2: Field Tile Accessories

Tile Type End Band Detached Gable Rake Right and Left
(Left Shown)

Actual Size Exposure Pieces/Box Weight

16 1/4 13 3/8 32 5.7 lbs./ft.

16 1/4 13 3/8 32 2.9 lbs./ft.

Chart 7.3: 102 & 206 Hip and Ridge Accessories

Tile Type 102 Hip Roll 152 Hip Starter 206 Ridge 206 Closed Ridge End*
(Starter Shown)

102/206 Terminal Regular 2H - 1R*

(Starter Shown)

Actual Size Exposure Pieces/Box Weight

14 1/4 12 30 5.2 lbs./ft.

14 12 4 6.3 lbs./pc.

13 3/4 12 12 11.5 lbs./ft.

14 12 2 18.0 lbs./pc.

2 17.0 lbs./pc.

*Starters and Finishers available, specify pitch of all sides of roof.

58

Architectural Details of Ludowici French Tiles and Fittings

Valley Tile Copper Cleat 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing Valley Tile WinterGuard or Waterproof Underlayment 3 Minimum Opening at Top of Valley Copper Cleat

16 Oz. Sheet Copper Sheet Cap Flashing 206 Deck Mould-Raised Flange Tile Sealant Waterproof Underlayment Field Tile Pressure Treated 2 Stringer

WinterGuard or Waterproof Underlayment

Water Diverter

Roof Deck Roof Deck Figure 7.8 Deck Section Showing 206 Deck Mould-Raised Flange Tile

Figure 7.7 Cross Section Showing Valley Flashing on Wood Roof Base
3/8

x 1 1/2 WinterGuard or Waterproof Lath Nailer Underlayment Horizontal Batten Pressure Treated 1 x 2 Strip

WinterGuard or Waterproof Underlayment Continuous 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Counterflashing Embedded in Mortar Joint 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Counterflashing

16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing Beveled Vertical Batten

Figure 7.9 Section Showing Valley Flashing on Poured Concrete Roof Deck

French Interlocking Tile Waterproof Underlayment Masonry Chimney

Field Tile

Waterproof Underlayment

End Band Tile

Right Detatched Gable Rake Vertical Fascia

1/2

Hem

Roof Deck

Roof Deck Figure 7.10 Section Showing Right Gable Rake and End Band

Figure 7.11 Section Showing Flashing Under Side of Tiles

Horizontal Pressure Treated 1 x 2 Wood Batten

Concrete Roof Deck

3/8 x 1 1/2 Pressure Treated Lath Nailer

Horizontal Pressure Treated 1 x 2 Wood Batten

Concrete Roof Deck

No. 43 Coated Base Sheet

1 x 2 Pressure Treated Beveled Vertical Strips 20 O.C. Longitudinal Section Through Roof Figure 7.12 Application of Batten System to Poured Concrete Roof Deck

Set to Tile Exposure Cross Section Through Roof

59

Architectural Details of Ludowici French Tiles and Fittings

Waterproofing Underlayment

102 Hip Roll Mortar 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing Sealant Required Waterproofing Underlayment Figure 7.14 Hip Section Showing 102 Hip Roll Hip Stringer Field Tile

Waterproofing Underlayment

Tile

Roof Deck

Figure 7.13 Section Showing Flashing Under 3/8 Flat Shingle Tiles

Continuous 16 oz. Sheet Copper Flashing Embedded in Mortar Joint - Cover Tile 5 Minimum Sealant 206 Ridge

Field Tile - Seal Bottom of Tile with Sealant Waterproofing Underlayment Roof Deck Figure 7.15 Section Showing Flashing Over Top of Tiles Field Tile Waterproofing Underlayment Roof Deck 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Step Flashing Deck Stringer Waterproofing Underlayment 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing

Figure 7.16 Deck Section Showing 206 Ridge Extended16 oz. Sheet Copper Drip Edge 16 oz. Sheet Copper Flashing

Roof Deck Pressure Treated Wood 1 1/2 x 2 Cant Strip

Sealant

French Field Tile

Note: All Areas in and Around Sunken Gutter Should Be Covered with a Self-adhesive Modified Bitomem Membrane.

Roof Deck

14 Pressure Treated Wood 1 1/2 x 2 Cant Strip Vertical Fascia

Extended 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Perimeter Flashing

Figure 7.17 Section Showing Sunken Gutter Treatment

60

Spanish Tile (S-Tile) Installation

Nominal 2 Wide Ridge Stringer Top Fixture 206 Ridge Tile 102/206 2 Hip & 1 Ridge Terminal Starter Roof Deck Required Underlayment 102 Hip Roll Tile Mortar to Fill Gaps Sealant Nominal 2 Wide Hip Stringer Nominal 2 x 2 Pressure Treated Strip Self-Adhesive Modified Bitumen Membrane or 2 Layers of No. 43 Coated Base Sheet Cut Spanish Tile End Band Tile

152 Hip Starter Tile

Detached Left Gable Rake Tile

Eave Closure Tile

Spanish Field Tile

IMPORTANT: Before starting tile installation, it is important that the roofer understand how the Spanish tile pattern being installed relates to the roof design.

Note: Spanish Tile utilizes either rolled rake tiles or detached gable rake tiles for both the right and left sides of the gables. Therefore, rake edge flashing is not required when these tiles are used.

The following roof preparations must be completed before installing any roof tile.
For detailed information on these items refer to the previous sections in this book or the NRCA Manual on Steep Roofing. Install the flashings required for ensuring watertightness: Eave Flashing Valley Flashing Dormer and Sidewall Flashing, Skylight Flashing, Chimney and Cricket Flashing Vent Flashing Underlayment for the entire roof deck, including the appropriate waterproof underlayment required for all flashing, and, where required, the ice dam membrane Roof surface chalked with vertical and horizontal lines Note: Especially watch this tile for unsightly snaking that can occur due to size variations in the tile. Adjust as necessary using chalk lines as guides only.

61

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Instructions Specific to Installing Spanish Tile (S-Tile)

1 End Band Nailer Strips (Stringers)
Spanish Tile (S-Tile) require only one nailer strip within the field of tile and it is to serve as a nailer strip and support for the end band tile. This nailer strip should be pressure treated wood sized nominal 2 x 2 or 1 1/2 x 2 (actual size).

2 Hip and Ridge Stringers

Spanish Tile requires a Hip and Ridge tile to complete the roof and are installed with a nominal 2 wide wood stringer. All stringers should be pressure-treated foundation-grade wood and should be covered with a 36 wide, self-adhesive modified bitumen membrane, such as CertainTeed WinterGuard, or 2 layers of No. 43 coated base sheet. See Chart 8.1 to determine the correct height of the nominal 2 wide material for the type of tile to be used at the hip and ridge. All wood stringers should be pressure-treated, foundation-grade wood. Roof pitch exceeding 14 rise to 12 run requires the contractor to measure the roof for stringer height.

Note: The use of an end band with Spanish tiles is only required on the left side vertical termination or interruption of the field tile (ie. gable rake, chimney, dormer, or a parapet wall).

The nailer strip should be a pressure treated foundation-grade wood. If the nailer strip is not treated, it should be covered with either a 36 wide membrane similar to CertainTeed WinterGuard or 2 layers of No. 43 coated base sheet.

Chart 8.1: Spanish Hip & Ridge Stringer Heights Roof Pitch 4 Rise to 12 Run 5 Rise to 12 Run 6 Rise to 12 Run 7 Rise to 12 Run 8 Rise to 12 Run 9 Rise to 12 Run 10 Rise to 12 Run 11 Rise to 12 Run 12 Rise to 12 Run 13 Rise to 12 Run 14 Rise to 12 Run 102 Hip 5 4 7/8 4 7/8 4 3/4 4 3/4 4 5/8 4 5/8 4 5/8 4 1/2 4 1/2 4 3/8 206 Ridge 6 1/2 6 1/4 6 5 3/4 5 1/2 5 3/8 5 1/4 5 1/8 5 4 7/8 4 3/4 Circular Cover Hip Circular Cover Ridge 4 9/16 4 1/2 4 3/8 4 1/4 4 1/8 4 15 3 /16 3 15/16 3 7/8 3 7/8 3 13/16 3 3/4 3 5/8 3 1/2 3 3/8 3 1/4 3 1/8 2 7/8 2 3/4 2 5/8 2 1/2 2 1/4

62

55

3 Eave Closure Tile

Installation of all the Ludowici Spanish Tile requires Eave Closure Tile. The Eave Closure tiles are normally laid right to left. Normal practice requires the Eave Closure tiles to be laid flush with the eave and adjusted in from the right to allow for proper layup of the right rake tile and the first cover tile. Lay the Eave Closure tile course loose across the slope to the provided center to center width before nailing to determine what adjustments, if any, are needed in the course before nails or screws are installed.

Note: Each Spanish Field Tile is provided with (3) three fastening holes. The (2) two holes in the flat portion of the tile are for installation with nails or screws. The third hole (elongated) in the tiles barrel portion is provided for installation with the wire-tie system. When installing the field tile, care should be taken to fasten tiles through the specific required nail holes. Also, when accessories are installed every tile shall be fastened through each of the provided fastening holes.

5 Top Fixture Tile

Note: If the eave closures are being applied to a deck which includes a valley, and if special factory cut and closed valley tiles have been manufactured for the job, it is necessary to see special instructions provided in 7. Valley Tile, Page 64. Recommended for the installation of Ludowici Spanish Tile is a Top Fixture Tile. This tile is attached to the ridge stringer to fill the void area left between the field tile and the ridge cover. If top fixtures are not specified, Portland Cement Mortar Type M and/or specialty metal closures also may be used. (Mortars shall meet requirements of ASTM specification C-270.)

4 First and Succeeding Courses of Tile

Spanish Tiles are normally laid from right to left starting with a Right Detached Gable Rake or Rolled Rake Tile. This first rake tile will need to be installed allowing a 2 overhang at the eave. The detached gable rakes are available in left- and righthand versions. The rolled rakes are universal for both left and right gable rakes. All gable rake tiles shall be installed with fasteners typical of the field tile installations, but also require flashing cement (meeting ASTM D-4586 requirements) applied between all contact areas of the field tile and gable rakes. The Detached Gable Rake Tile to the right, when looking at the eave courses into the field tiles, are the rights and vise-versa.

6 Points to Remember During Tile

Installation
Field tile installation will generally progress in a diagonal fashion, moving from right to left. The installer applying the lower course will always be to the left of those applying succeeding courses. Use the chalk lines as a guide. Watch for any irregularities in the roof deck construction. After the installation of about 75-100 tiles, the roof should be inspected from the ground at a distance greater than 40 feet to determine that there are no streaks or blotches. To ensure a good range of tones, this inspection must be done at regular intervals. When each course is 10-12 tiles from the end of the course, check the distance to the end with the width of the tile to determine if a slight crowding or stretching of the tile may be required to ensure a proper fit or size of the final piece of tile installed in that course. DO NOT crowd or pull to the extreme anymore than 5 or 6 pieces positioned side by side.

Note: When rolled rakes are being installed in the first course of the tile, whether left or right, the eave closure next to these rake pieces will require some slight nipping and clipping for proper fit and installation.

56

After installing the right rake tile, the starter course will begin with a full tile placed directly over the first eave enclosure tile. The second course of the tile will lay up directly over the previously installed field tile to the proper exposure and with the normal 3 head lap.

63

7 Valley Tiles
Tiles to be installed in valleys can be mitered in the field or special factory-manufactured cut and closed tiles can be used. These special cut and closed valley tiles generally result in less water entering underneath the tile. Whether field miter cut or special factory cut tiles are used, the tile fasteners should never penetrate the valley flashings. Tile to be installed over the copper valley flashing should be drilled or notched and wired with solid 16 gauge copper wire to fasteners driven into the deck beyond the flashing.

8 Ridge and Hip Tiles

Ridge Tile The ridge for Spanish Tile must be finished with a Circular Cover Tile or a 206 Ridge tile. Circular Cover Tile or 206 Ridge Tile

Note: The 206 Ridge Tile is available in a vented version. See Figure 8.2. See Chart 8.1 for sequence of installation and the dimensions of the stringers required.

Note: In situations where valley tile pieces are so small that it is not practical to notch or drill, use the adhesive RT600 (an OSI product) or its equivalent.

If special factory cut and closed valley fittings are being applied prior to installation, it will be beneficial to loose lay the entire eave closure course, including the valley tile. This loose laying process of the valleys left side will advance as a typical installation would, from right to left. But when loose laying the valleys right side, it will advance from left to right. The installation of the Spanish Tiles will slow the process initially. Each tile when spaced on the deck will require a slightly upward lifting to allow for the proceeding tile to be laid into the next channel. Once the spacing is approved, the pace can return to the standard. The tiles can be fastened in the typical right to left pattern. The loose laying process becomes vitally important when the roof deck runs from valley-to-valley. The focus must be to space the eave course so it consists of all full field tile and is finished on both ends with the special cut and closed valley tiles. Keep in mind not to allow any more than 5 pieces pulled to the extreme or crowded together. If field mitered valley tiles are applied, they should be trimmed to provide a clean, even, continuous edge along the entire valley length.

Flashing cement must be used at the overlap of each Ridge Tile and where they rest on the field tile. See Figure 8.3. Closed Ridge Ends, Circular Cover or 206 Ridge, or Terminal Circular Cover or 102/206 Hip and Ridge Tile are used to start and finish the ridge. The ridge finisher will have an exposed fastener which should be sealed with flashing cement meeting the requirements of ASTM D-4586. Some roof termination may require a combination of typical flashing details or a special tile piece. Consult the local Ludowici sales representative with the projects special roof requirements.

Note: It may be beneficial to lay out the chosen ridge system on the stringer to determine lap (no less than 2). This will prevent having to traverse the installed tiles later. Applying ridge tiles with the lap facing away from the prevailing winds helps the tile shed wind-driven rain.

Note: The circular covers are 16 Straight Barrel Mission field tile covers.

Note: At a ventilating ridge, the ridge should be wrapped in a self-adhesive modified bitumen membrane or 2 layers of No. 43 base sheet.

64

Cap Flashing

206 Vented Ridge Tile 16 Oz. Cooper Sheet with 3/8 Diameter Venting Holes at 1 O.C. (Both Sides) Resulting in 2.65 Sq. In. Venting Area Per Foot Wind Diverter

Bug Screen Vented Flashing Spanish Top Fixture

Spanish Field Tile Wood Stringer Roof Deck

3/4

Seal to Tile with Recommended Sealant

Air Gap (Both Sides)

Figure 8.1 206 Vented Ridge Tile Detail

9 Hip Tiles
The hip area is typically finished by using a combination of either a Circular Cover Hip Starter, Circular Cover and a Circular Cover Terminal or a 152 Hip Starter tile, 102 Hip Roll tile and 102/206 Hip and Ridge Terminal. Hips are started with a special Circular Cover Hip Starter Tile or 152 Hip Starter Tile covering the Field Tile approximately 3 on both sides. The hip tiles are then installed. The Circular Cover Tile creates a 3 head lap on the starter while the 102 tile creates an approximate 2 head lap over the starter tile. The specified head lap per tile is then continued up the hip. Flashing cement must be used at the overlap of each hip tile. The gaps created between the Hip Roll and the Field Tile should be filled with mortar tinted to match. The last fastener on the upslope end of the hip typically is covered with a Circular Cover Terminal or a 102/206 Hip and Ridge Terminal. These terminals must be specified as a starter or finisher depending on the direction of the ridge layout. Some roof termination may require a combination of typical flashing details or a special tile piece. Consult the local Ludowici sales representative with the projects special roof requirements.

Figure 8.2 206 Vented Ridge Vent

10 Accessory Pieces
Standard Fittings Standard tile fittings are manufactured for each style of field tile. These tile fittings provide better protection against water penetrating beneath the tile than field mitered pieces. Charts 8.2, 8.3, and 8.4 provide overall lengths, standard exposures, weights, and pieces per box of these standard accessories. Custom Tile Fittings All custom fittings are special ordered to specifications. Ludowici creates custom fittings from design sketches using Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) technology and company artisans who craft the tiles by hand.

65

Chart 8.2: Field Tile Accessories

Tile Type End Band Detached Gable Rake Right and Left
(Left Shown)

Top Fixture

Eave Closure

Rolled Rake

13 1/4 Length Actual Size Exposure Pieces/Box Weight 18 3/8 Length Actual Size Exposure Pieces/Box Weight

13 1/4 10 1/4 80 4.2 lbs./ft. 18 3/8 15 3/8 80 6.2 lbs./ft.

13 1/4 10 1/4 200 1.8 lbs./ft. 18 3/8 15 3/8 200 2.7 lbs./ft.

8 1/4 225 1.5 lbs./ft. 8 1/4 225 1.5 lbs./ft.

8 1/4 225 2.0 lbs./ft. 8 1/4 225 1.5 lbs./ft.

13 1/4 10 1/4 80 4.6 lbs./ft. 18 3/8 15 3/8 80 6.8 lbs./ft.

Chart 8.3: 102 & 206 Hip and Ridge Accessories

Tile Type 102 Hip Roll 152 Hip Starter 206 Ridge 206 Closed Ridge End*
(Starter Shown)

102/206 Terminal*
(Starter Shown)

Actual Size Exposure Pieces/Box Weight

14 1/4 12 30 5.2 lbs./ft.

14 12 4 6.3 lbs./pc.

13 3/4 12 12 11.5 lbs./ft.

14 12 2 18.0 lbs./pc.

2 17.0 lbs./pc.

Chart 8.4: Circular Cover Hip and Cover Accessories

Tile Type Circular Cover Hip & Ridge Circular Cover Hip Starter Circular Cover Closed Ridge End*
(Starter Shown)

Circular Cover Terminal 2H-1R*

(Starter Shown)

Actual Size Exposure Pieces/Box Weight

16 13 40 5.8 lbs./ft.

14 1/4 12 4 9.0 lbs./pc.

16 1/2 13 4 9.8 lbs./pc.

2 10.0 lbs./pc.

*Starters and Finishers available, specify pitch of all sides of roof.

66

Architectural Details of Ludowici Spanish Tiles and Fittings

102 Hip Roll Mortar Circular Cover Ridge Spanish Top Fixture Spanish Field Tile 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing Waterproof Underlayment Waterproof Underlayment Roof Deck 206 Ridge Tile Required Pressure Treated Wood Stringer Mortar Spanish Field Tile

Waterproof Underlayment Figure 8.4 Hip Section Showing 102 Hip Roll Roof Deck

Figure 8.3 Deck Section Showing Circular Cover Ridge

Hip Stringer Cut Hip From Spanish Field Tile

Circular Cover Hip Roll Mortar Spanish Top Fixture 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing

Flat Roofing Material Waterproof Underlayment Roof Deck Figure 8.5 Hip Section Showing Circular Cover Hip Spanish Field Tile Deck Stringer Roof Deck Waterproof Underlayment

Figure 8.6 Deck Section Showing 206 Ridge 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Cap Flashing 206 Deck Mould-Raised Flange Tile Sealant

Special Eave Closure Nailing Strip for End Band 4 Minimum 8 3/4 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing WinterGuard Waterproof Underlayment Spanish Top Fixture Spanish Field Tile

Pressure Treated 2 Stringer

11 1/4 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Extended Drip Edge Eave Closure Roof Deck Figure 8.8 Deck Section Showing 206 Cut-Off Ridge Note: All areas in and around sunken gutter should be covered with a self-adhesive modified bitumen membrane. 16 Oz. Sheet Extended Copper Drip Edge

Figure 8.7 Section Showing End Band Over Concealed Gutter For 131/4 Spanish Tile

Note: 206 Ridge and 102 Hip Roll are special tile fittings. Standard tile fittings are Circular Cover Ridge and Hip Tile.

67

1 1/2 x 2 Pressure Treated Wood Nailing Strip Left Detached Gable Rake Waterproof Underlayment

Required Pressure Treated Cant Strip

Field Tile
Under Eave Tile

Roof Deck 3

4 Minimum Above Top of Tile for Waterproof Underlayment

Sealant 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing Spanish Top Fixture

Figure 8.9 Section Showing Left Gable Rake Tile and End Band Tile

Spanish Field Tile Waterproof Underlayment

16 Oz. Sheet Copper Counterflashing Embedded in Mortar Joint 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing Waterproof Underlayment

Pressure Treated Nailer

Roof Deck

Figure 8.10 Section Showing Flashing Under Spanish Tiles

Spanish Field Tile

Spanish Top Fixture

Crimp

Roof Deck

Sealant 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing 5 Min. Coverage

Figure 8.11 Section Showing Flashing Under Side of Tiles

Spanish Field Tile Waterproof Underlayment

Roof Deck Pressure Treated Nailer

68

Figure 8.12 Deck Section Showing Flashing Over Top of Tiles

Pan and Cover (Mission) Tile Installation

Nominal 2 Wide Ridge Stringer Top Fixture Circular Cover Ridge Tile Circular Cover Terminal 2 Hip & 1 Ridge Starter Tile Circular Cover Hip Roll Tile Nominal 2 Wide Hip Stringer Self-Adhesive Modified Bitumen Membrane or 2 Layers of No. 43 Coated Base Sheet Sealant Rake Blocking Cut Field Tile for Hip Roof Deck Required Waterproof Underlayment Stringer

Rolled Rake Tile

2 x 4 Vertical Stringer for Break Mission Tile

Eave Closure

Field Tile (Cover)

Field Tile (Pan)

Cover Hip Starter Tile

IMPORTANT: Before starting tile installation, it is important that the roofer understand how the Pan and Cover (Mission) tile pattern being installed relates to the roof design.

Note: Pan and Cover (Mission) tile utilize rolled rake tile for both the right and left sides of the gables. Therefore, rake edge flashing is not required when these tiles are used.

The following roof preparations must be completed before installing any roof tile.
For detailed information on these items refer to the previous sections in this book or the NRCA Manual on Steep Roofing. The flashings required for ensuring watertightness: Eave Flashing Valley Flashing Dormer and Sidewall Flashing, Skylight Flashing, Chimney and Cricket Flashing Vent Flashing Underlayment for the entire roof deck, including the appropriate waterproof underlayment required for all flashing, and, where required, the ice dam membrane Roof surface chalked with vertical and horizontal lines

Instructions Specific to Installing Pan and Cover (Mission) Tile

1 Nailer Strips (Stringers)
Pan and Cover (Mission) tile require a nominal 2 x 4 wood stringer to serve as a nailer board and to support the cover tile. The stringer should be a pressure-treated, foundation-grade wood. If the stringer is not treated, it should be covered with either a 36 wide membrane similar to CertainTeed WinterGuard or two layers of No. 43 coated base sheet.

69

section

Note:

If the wood stringers are being applied to a deck which includes a valley, and if special factory cut and closed valley tiles have been manufactured for the job, it is necessary to see special instructions provided in Valley Tiles, Page 72.

4 First and Succeeding Courses of Tile

Pan and Cover (Mission) tile are normally laid from right to left starting with a Rolled Rake Tile. This first rake tile will need to be installed allowing a 2 overhang at the eave. The Rolled Rakes are universal for both left and right gable edges. All gable rake tiles shall be installed with fasteners typical of the field tile installation, but also require flashing cement (meeting ASTM D-4586 requirements) applied between all contact areas of the field tile and gable rake tile.

2 Hip and Ridge Stringers

Pan and Cover (Mission) tile requires a hip and ridge tile to complete the roof and are installed on nominal 2 wide wood stringers. All stringers should be pressure treated, foundation-grade wood and should be covered with a 36 wide, self-adhesive modified bitumen membrane, such as CertainTeed WinterGuard, or two layers of No. 43 coated base sheet. For all Mission styles tiles, the contractor is responsible to measure the roof for stringer height.

Note:

When Rolled Rake Tile are being installed in the first course of tile, whether left or rights, the eave closure next to these rake pieces will require some slight nipping and chipping for proper fit and installation.

3 Eave Closure Tile

Required with the installation of all Ludowici Pan and Cover (Mission) tile is an Eave Closure tile. The Eave Closure tiles are normally laid right to left or from gable end to a valley. Eave Closure tiles are to be laid flush with the eave and adjusted in from the right to allow for proper lay up of the rolled rake tile and the first cover tile. Lay the Eave Closure tile course loose across the slope to the provided center to center width before nailing to determine what adjustment, if any, are needed in the course before nails or screws are installed. Once layout is established, install the Eave Closure tile in the normal right to left fashion (see Figure 9.2).

Rolled Rake Tile

Cover Tile

Pan Tile

Note:

If the eave closures are being applied to a deck which includes a valley, and if special factory cut and closed valley tile have been manufactured for the job, it is necessary to see special instructions provided in Valley Tiles, Page 72.

Required Pressure Pressure Treated Wood Treated Vertical Blocking Nailer

Required Underlayment 2 Layers of No. 30 Felt or 1 Layer of No. 43 Coated Base Sheet or Self-Adhesive Modified Bitumen Membrane

Figure 9.1 Section Through Pan and Cover with Rolled Rake Tile

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After installing the rake tiles, the starter course may be laid. There are various ways to continue the Mission Tile installation. One option is to run several courses of pans across the roof deck still working from right to left up the deck installing the tile to the proper 3 head lap. Then return to the starting point to continue with several courses of covers (must lay one course less of covers than pans to keep the lay up flowing). When installing the covers, care shall be taken not to attach them snug to the stringer. Leaving space allows for expansion and contraction of the nailer board. The progression of the installation shall still continue in a diagonal fashion (see Valley Tiles, Page 72 for more information on installing tiles on roofs which include valleys).

Laid Tight Method When tiles are applied using the laid tight method, install field cut or factory cut short course covers at the eave over regular pans. If field cutting, 3 should be removed from the length of the covers. The top edge of the covers will abut the pans bottom edge in the succeeding course. This continues throughout the roof field so that all covers lay tight to the pan. As the installation approaches the ridge, the last course of tile will consist of a course of short pans (by 3) and a course of regular covers (see Figure 9.2 for lay up details).

Note: The cut portion of eave cover and ridge pan tile is equivalent to average installed head lap.

Note: Most Pan and Cover (Mission) field tile are provided with (1) one fastening hole, but a few select pan tiles have (2) two holes. When installing field tile and accessories, care should be taken to fasten each tile with nails or screws in every provided fastening hole.
15 3/8 Straight Barrel Mission Pan Tile 18 3/8 Straight Barrel Mission Cover Tile

Circular Cover Hip & Ridge Tile

Top Fixture Tile

18 3/8 Straight Barrel Mission Pan Tile 15 3/8 Straight Barrel Mission Starter Cover Tile 2 x 4 Pressure Treated Wood Stringer Roof Deck

2 Overhang Laid Tight Method Overview

Eave Closure Tile

Required Underlayment 2 Layers of No. 30 Felt or 1 Layer of No. 43 Coated Base Sheet or Self-Adhesive Modified Bitumen Membrane

Figure 9.2 Straight Barrel Mission Laid Tight Method

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5 Points to Remember During Tile

Installation
Tile installation will generally progress in a diagonal fashion, moving from the right to left. The installer applying the lower course will always be to the left of those applying succeeding courses. Use the chalk lines as a guide. Watch for any irregularities in the roof deck construction. After the installation of about 75-100 tiles, the roof should be inspected from the ground at a distance greater than 40 feet to determine that there are no streaks or blotches. To ensure a good range of tones, this inspection must be done at regular intervals. Repeat the inspection each 75-100 tiles. When each course is 10 to 12 tiles from the terminating end, compare the remaining distance to the width of the tiles to determine if a slight crowding or stretching of the tile may be required to ensure the last piece in the course is an end band (1/2 tile) or a full tile. DO NOT crowd or pull to the extremes any more than 5 or 6 pieces positioned side by side.

7 Valley Tiles
Tiles to be installed in valleys can be mitered in the field or special factory cut and closed tiles can be ordered. These special cut and closed valley tiles generally result in less water entering underneath the tile. Whether field miter cut or factory cut tiles are used, the tile fasteners should never penetrate the valley flashings. Tile to be installed over the valley flashing should be drilled or notched and wired with solid 16 gauge copper wire to fasteners driven into the deck beyond the flashing.

Note: In situations where valley tile pieces are so small that it is not practical to notch or drill, use the adhesive RT600 (an OSI product) or its equivalent.

Top Fixture Tile

Recommended with the installation of all Ludowici Mission tile is a top fixture. This tile is attached to the ridge stringer to fill the void area left between the field and the ridge cover. If top fixtures are not specified, void areas should be filled with Portland cement mortar Type M and/or specialty metal closures also may be used. (Mortars shall meet requirements of ASTM C-270.)

If special factory cut and closed valley tiles are being applied, prior to installation, it will be beneficial to loose lay the vertical stringers, the entire eave closure, including the valley tile, and a few rows of pans and covers. This loose laying process of the valley's left side will advance as a typical installation would, from right to left. But, when loose laying the valleys right side, it will advance from left to right. With the installation of Mission tiles, this should not create any concerns. Start by loose laying the valley tile to the already chalked valley line and continue away from the valley with the first course of tile. Once the layout is established, install the tiles in the typical Mission tile manner. The loose laying process becomes vitally important when the roof runs from valley-to-valley. The focus must be to space the eave course so it consists of a full tile and is finished on both ends with special cut valley tiles. Keep in mind not to allow any more than (5) five pieces pulled to the extreme or crowded there. If field mitered valley tiles are applied, they should be trimmed to provide a clean, even, continuous edge along the entire valley length.

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8 Ridge and Hip Tiles

Ridge Tile The ridge for Pan and Cover (Mission) Tile is finished with a Circular Cover Tile or a 206 Ridge Tile. See Chart 9.1 for sequence of installation and dimensions of the stringers required. Flashing cement must be used at the overlap of each ridge tile and where they rest on the field tile. Closed Ridge Ends, Circular Cover Closed Ridge End, 206 Ridge, Circular Cover Terminal, or 102/ 206 Hip and Ridge Terminal Tile are used to start and finish the ridge. The ridge finisher will have an exposed fastener which should be sealed with flashing cement meeting the requirements of ASTM D4586. Some roof termination may require a combination of typical flashing details or a special tile piece. Consult the local Ludowici sales representative with the projects special roof requirements.

Note: The circular covers are 16 Straight Barrel Mission field tile covers. With any Straight Barrel Mission installation, the covers can be used as the hip and ridge tile. Hip Tile The hip area is typically finished by using a combination of either a Circular Cover Hip Starter, Circular Cover and a Circular Cover Hip & Ridge Terminal, or 152 Hip Starter tile, 102 Hip Roll tile and 102/206 Hip and Ridge Terminal. Hips are started with a Circular Cover Hip Starter tile or 152 Hip Starter tile covering the field tile approximately 3 on both sides. The hip tile covers are then installed. The Circular Cover tile creates an approximate 3 head lap on the Starter tile, while the 102 tile creates an approximate 2 head lap over the starter tile. The last fastener on the upslope end of the hip typically is covered with a Circular Cover Terminal or a 102/206 Hip and Ridge Terminal. These terminals must be specified as a starter or finisher depending on the direction of the ridge layout. Some roof termination may require a combination of typical flashing details or a special tile piece. Consult the local Ludowici sales representative with the projects special roof requirements.

Note: It may be beneficial to lay out the chosen ridge system on the stringer to determine lap (no less than 2). This will prevent having to traverse the installed tiles later. Applying ridge tiles with the lap facing away from the prevailing winds helps the tile shed wind-driven rain.

Cap Flashing

206 Vented Ridge Tile 16 Oz. Sheet Copper with 3/8 Diameter Venting Holes at 1 O.C. (Both Sides) Resulting in 2.65 Sq. In. Venting Area Per Foot Wind Diverter

Bug Screen Vented Flashing Spanish Top Fixture

Figure 9.3 206 Vented Ridge Vent

Spanish Field Tile Required Waterproof Underlayment Roof Deck Wood Stringer
3/4

Seal to Tile with Recommended Sealant

Air Gap (Both Sides)

Figure 9.4 206 Vented Ridge Tile Detail

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9 Accessory Pieces
Standard Fittings Standard tile fittings are manufactured for each style of field tile. These tile fittings provide better protection against water penetrating beneath the tile than field mitered pieces. The following charts provides overall lengths, standard exposures, weights, and pieces per box of these standard tile fittings. Custom Tile Fittings All custom fittings are special ordered to specifications. Ludowici creates custom fittings from design sketches using Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) technology and company artisans who craft the tiles by hand.

Chart 9.1: Straight Barrel Mission and Palm Beach Accessories

Tile Type Top Fixture Eave Closure Rolled Rake*

Chart 9.3: Laid Tight Method Accessories

Tile Type Finisher Pan Starter Cover

14 1/4 Actual Size Exposure 11 1/2 Pieces/Box 90 Weight 2.0 lbs./ft. 16 Actual Size Exposure Pieces/Box 90 Weight 18 3/8 & Palm Beach Actual Size Exposure Pieces/Box 90 Weight

11 1/2 90 2.6 lbs./ft. 90 90

14 1/4 11 1/4 40 5.5 lbs. 16 13 40 6.1 lbs./ft. 18 3/8 15 3/8 40 7.1 lbs./ft.

14 1/4 Actual Size Exposure Pieces/Pallet Weight 16 Actual Size Exposure Pieces/Pallet Weight 18 3/8 & Palm Beach Actual Size Exposure Pieces/Pallet Weight

11 1/4 8 1/4 540 5.75 lbs./ft. 13 10 540 5.75 lbs./ft. 15 3/8 12 3/8 540 5.75 lbs./ft.

11 1/4 8 1/4 540 5.75 lbs./ft. 13 10 540 5.75 lbs./ft. 8 1/4 8 1/4 540 5.75 lbs./ft.

*Rolled Rake for Palm Beach is 3/4 Rolled Rake.

Chart 9.2: Tapered Mission Accessories

Tile Type Top Fixture Eave Closure Rolled Rake

Actual Size Exposure Pieces/Box Weight

10 1/2 w/SBM pans 9 w/tapered pans 90 2.4 lbs./ft.

10 1/2 w/SBM pans 9 w/tapered pans 90 3.2 lbs./ft.

16 13 40 6.1 lbs./ft.

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Architectural Details of Ludowici Pan and Cover (Straight Barrel Mission) Tiles and Fittings

Required Pressure Treated Nailing Strips Straight Barrel Misson Cover Tile Straight Barrel Mission Pan Tile

Continuous16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing Embedded in Mortar Joint

16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing

Rolled Rake Tile

2 Layers of No. 30 Felt or 1 Layer of No. 43 Coated Base Sheet or Self-Adhesive Modified Bitumen Membrane Roof Deck 11 1/2 O.C. 4 1/4 2 x 4 Pressure Treated Wood Stringer (11 1/2 O.C.)

Figure 9.5 Section Showing Rolled Rake Tile and Flashing At a Vertical Wall

Straight Barrel Mission Tile

Special Eave Closure

Nailing Strip for Cover

Roof Deck

Required Waterproof Underlayment

Tile Length Minus 6

Note: All areas in and around sunken gutter should be covered with a self-adhesive modified bitumen membrane.

Tile Length Minus Overhang Vertical Fascia

Eave Closure Tile 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Extended Perimeter Flashing

Figure 9.6 Section Showing Cover Over Concealed Gutter. Pan is Omitted.

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Architectural Details of Ludowici Roman & Greek Tiles and Fittings

(Roman Shown)

Nominal Top Fixture Tile 2 Wide Ridge Stringer

206 Ridge Tile

102/206 Terminal 2 Hip & 1 Ridge Starter Tile

Roof Deck Required Underlayment

102 Hip Roll Tile Cut Field Tile for Hip Hip Stringer 2 Layers of No. 43 Coated Base Sheet or Self-Adhesive Modified Bitumen Membrane Sealant

Mortar to Fill Voids

Detached Left Gable Rake Tile

Eave Closure Tile

Nailer Strip

Roman & Greek Pan Tile

Roman Cover Tile

152 Hip Starter Tile

Chart 9.3: Roman & Greek Hip and Ridge Stringer Heights Roman Roof Pitch 4 Rise to 12 Run 5 Rise to 12 Run 6 Rise to 12 Run 7 Rise to 12 Run 8 Rise to 12 Run 9 Rise to 12 Run 10 Rise to 12 Run 11 Rise to 12 Run 12 Rise to 12 Run 13 Rise to 12 Run 14 Rise to 12 Run 102 Hip 6 3/8 6 1/4 6 1/4 6 1/4 6 1/8 6 1/8 6 1/8 6 1/8 6 6 6 206 Ridge 7 1/4 7 6 3/4 6 1/2 6 1/4 6 1/8 6 5 7/8 5 3/4 5 5/8 5 1/2 7 7 7 6 7/8 6 7/8 6 7/8 6 7/8 6 7/8 6 3/4 6 3/4 6 3/4 Greek 118 Hip Cover 211 Ridge 6 5 3/4 5 1/2 5 1/4 5 1/8 5 4 7/8 4 3/4 4 5/8 4 1/2 4 3/8

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Architectural Details of Ludowici Roman Tiles and Fittings

Architectural Details of Ludowici Greek Tiles and Fittings

211 Ridge Tile

16 Oz. Copper Flashing Flat Roof Material Waterproof Underlayment

206 Ridge Tile Special Top Fixture

Sealant

Sealant
Field Tile

Greek Cover 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing Flat Roofing Material Pan Tile Deck Stringer Roof Deck Waterproof Underlayment Figure 9.7 Deck Section Showing 206 Ridge

Deck Stringer

Roof Deck

Figure 9.8 Deck Section Showing 211 Ridge

211 Cut-Off Ridge Tile Sealant

16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing Flat Roof Material Waterproof Underlayment

206 Cut-Off Ridge Special Top Fixture Sealant

Field Tile

Greek Cover

16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing Flat Roofing Material

Roof Deck

Deck Stringer

Pan Tile Roof Deck

Deck Stringer

Waterproof Underlayment

Figure 9.10 Deck Section Showing 211 Cut-Off Ridge

118 Hip Tile

Figure 9.9 Deck Section Showing 206 Cut-Off Ridge

Sealant Field Tile

2 Layers of No. 43 Coated Base Sheet or Waterproof Underlayment

Pan Tile

102 Hip Roll Mortar

Cover Tile

118 Hip Detail (Interlocking)

Waterproof Underlayment Roof Deck Waterproof Underlayment Figure 9.11 Hip Section Showing 102 Hip Roll

Roof Deck

Figure 9.12 Hip Section Showing 118 Hip Roll

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16 Oz. Sheet Copper Cap Flashing

206 Deck Mould-Raised Flange Tile Sealant Roman Cover Tile Waterproof Underlayment

Special Eave Closure Waterproof Underlayment

Pressure Treated 2 Stringer

Waterproof Underlayment Nailing Strip for Cover

Roof Deck

Roof Deck Figure 9.14 Deck Section Showing 206 Cut-Off Ridge 9

Roman Pan Tile 10 3/4 Note: All areas in and around sunken gutter should be covered with a self-adhesive modified bitumen membrane.

Eave Closure Tile 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Extended Perimeter Flashing

Vertical Fascia

Figure 9.13 Section Showing Cover Over Concealed Gutter. Pan is Omitted.

Continuous16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing Embedded in Mortar Joint 1 x 2 5/8 Pressure Treated Stringer Roman Cover Roman or Greek Pan Tile 2 Layers of No. 30 Felt or 1 Layer of No. 43 Coated Base Sheet or Self-Adhesive Modified Bitumen Membrane Vertical Fascia Roof Deck 12 O.C. 2 5/8 Figure 9.15 Section Showing Left Gable Rake Tile and At a Vertical Wall 16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing Waterproof Underlayment

Detatched Gable Rake

78

Note: Gable, flashing, flush deck and gutter treatments for Greek are the same as detailed for Roman tiles.

Tower Tile Installation

TM

Top Course(s) of Skirt Tower Tile

10
Tower Tile

IMPORTANT: The installation of tower tile is unique for each individual tower, as far as dimensions are concerned. The following instructions include all aspects of Tower Tile installation except for actual dimensions. As a service, Ludowici will provide complete custom calculations and specifications if plans or dimensions* are submitted to Ludowici for review. This Calculation Worksheet will be provided with your Tower Tile. Call the Technical Service Department for assistance.
*The two key dimensions are the length of the rafter and the diameter (or pitch) of the tower.

1 Preparing the Tower Deck

Ensure that the roof deck is clean, smooth and dry before roof tiles are applied. Verify that there is no significant delamination, warpage, bowing or separation from the rafters or trusses.

Note: To make a smooth curve, it may be necessary to lay two layers of APA 3/8 plywood with a field-applied glue bond instead of one layer of APA 3/4 plywood.

2 Installing the Underlayment

Cover the entire deck with a self-adhesive modified bitumen membrane such as CertainTeed WinterGuard meeting the requirements of ASTM D-1970.

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se io nN S Ec Ct T I O

3 Measuring and Chalking the

Tower Deck
Because snapping lines around a curved surface is difficult, Ludowici recommends using a marker to draw the horizontal lines (see Figure 10.1). Set Horizontal Lines 1. Find the center of the apex and drive a large nail so that it points straight up. Tie a small loop in the end of the string and slip it over the nail. The string must be able to pivot freely. 2. Measure down the rafter to the top of the last row or course. This information will be listed in the Calculation Worksheet. 3. Stretch the string taught and wrap it around the end of the marker such that the point of the marker is on the first head line. 4. Holding the distance from the apex to the marker constant, mark a continuous line around the cone. (Take several measurements from the apex to this line to verify a constant distance.) 5. Repeat these steps for all of the course lines. The course lines will also be listed in the Calculation Worksheet. Set Vertical Lines 1. If your tower is a partial (does not sweep 360), find the center point at the eave equidistant from the wall or intersecting roof decks. If your tower makes a complete 360 sweep, start chalking anywhere on the deck. 2. Stretch the chalk line from the nail to the eave and snap the first line. 3. Measure around the tower deck the specified distance and snap the next line. Refer to the supplied Calculation Worksheet for the correct distance. Continue this process until all lines are chalked. Note: Exposure lengths may change. Be sure to follow the Calculation Worksheet provided by the Ludowici Technical Service Department for your roof configuration. This will be provided with your tile or can be faxed in advance upon request.

Figure 10.1 Typical Tower, Chalked for Tower Tile

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4 Applying Wood Stringers

Preparing the Stringers 1. Cut the stringers to the proper length and taper. The proper dimensions will be provided in the supplied Calculation Worksheet.

Attaching the Stringers 1. Attach the stringer to the tower deck using stainless steel screws of sufficient length. Drill pilot holes so that the stringer does not split. The stringers must be installed on the center of the vertical chalk lines. The tile nail hole is located 1 1/2 below the tile headline. Care must be taken to avoid locating the stringer fasteners at tile headline area. 2. The stringer must start 6 up the rafter from the eave and end 1 above the headline corresponding to the course just below the first skirt tile. See Figures 10.2. The flatback tiles attach directly to the roof deck without stringers.

Figure 10.2 Views of Skirt Tile

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5 Installing the Tower Tile

1. Install the eave closures centered between the vertical lines. 2. Installation of Tower Tile is performed using the laid tight method (see Page 71). Install pan tiles centered between the stringers. Line up the head of the tile with the headline marked on the tower deck. 3. After installing two courses of pan tiles, install the first course of covers, then alternate installing pan courses then cover courses. 4. Approaching the top of the tower, install the skirt tiles. A thin bead of flashing cement must be applied between all tile to tile contact areas. 5. Finally, install copper finial cap on the tower peak, or optional finial accessory fitting.

Note: On tower roofs that are very high above ground level and on towers that have a steep roof slope, wind locks or nose clips are recommended on each tile.

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Special Applications
1 Alpine* Conditions
Heavy snow in high mountain areas can seriously damage any roofing material unless the proper roofing design criteria is utilized. When very heavy ice or snow build-up creeps downward in valleys, on crickets, and other narrow areas, glaciation often occurs. The ice or heavy snow locks onto the exposed edges of roofing materials, dragging them downward as the ice or snow moves. Falling snow or ice from a higher roof to a lower roof area can also cause serious damage. *Alpine conditions are defined as climactic areas that experience frequent heavy winter snowfall intermittent with strong solar radiation common to high altitude geography. Note: Before application of Ludowici clay tile in alpine conditions (typically encountered at higher altitudes in heavy snow loads areas), plans must be submitted to the Ludowici Technical Department (1-800-945-8453) for approval. Ludowici will not assume any liability or responsibility for damage caused by the application of clay tile in alpine conditions. Typical recommended preventive measures for installing a clay tile roof in alpine conditions include: Closed valley construction Reduced overhangs Installation of adequate snow guards over the entire roof or other methods to prevent glaciation of ice and snow Roof design considerations include: Maximum roof pitches Avoidance of skylights, dormers and valleys For more information on Alpine Conditions, obtain a copy of The Concrete and Interlocking Tile Roof Design Criteria Manual for Snow and Ice Regions, Leland E. Gillan, P.E. & Terry Anderson, published by NTRMA/WSRCA or from your local Ludowici sales representative. The cost of a book is $40.00.

2 Tropical Conditions
A mortar and adhesive-set tile application is often acceptable in climates where freeze/thaw cycles are not of concern. A mortar or adhesive-set fastened tile specification has been compiled by the Florida Roofing Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors Association (FRSA) and the Florida Chapter of the National Tile Roofing Manufacturers Association (NTRMA). This specification, along with local building codes, must be referenced if a mortar and adhesive-set tile application is being considered.

11

Note: Mortar or adhesive-set tile can be applied on pitches of up to 6:12. For pitches above 6:12 up to and including 7:12, every third tile in every fifth course must be nailed in addition to mortar or adhesive. For pitches above 7:12, every tile must also be nailed.

Mortar Installation for Flat, Interlocking Flat, and Interlocking Profile Tiles 1. Set tile in a bed of approved mortar. For flat tile, place mortar adjacent to underlock of previously installed tile. Mortar must be placed from head of tile in previous course to head of tile being set. Do not apply mortar under headlug of tile, or onto the underlock of adjacent tile (this may cause tile to tilt). 2. For succeeding courses of field tile the bed of mortar must make contact with the head of the lower course of tile and underside of the tile being set.

83

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Mortar Installation for Pan and Cover Tile and S-Tile 1. Apply 10 masons trowel of mortar vertically over chalk line and under center of each pan with narrow end facing down roof. 2. Place bed of mortar along inside edges of pans and set covers with wide end facing down roof. 3. Point mortar to form straight-edge finish insuring contact along edges. 4. For succeeding courses of field tile the bed of mortar must make contact with the head of the lower course of tile and underside of the tile being set.
Foam Paddy (Beneath Tile)

Adhesive-Set Application
The adhesive set application involves applying an adhesive foam paddy directly to the underlayment and/or tile. Some mechanical fastening may also be required depending on roof pitch. Manufacturers recommendations must be strictly adhered to. One such manufacturer is Polyfoam, Inc. in Lake City, Florida. Foam paddy application is approved for use in South Florida and is being tested in other regions of the country. The following is a general guide only. See manufacturers instructions for complete instructions. For Interlocking High Profile Tiles: 1. Starting at the eave course, apply a foam paddy onto the underlayment, ensuring adhesive contact with the underside of the tile. The size of the paddy will vary depending on the tile size and type (see Figure 11.1). 2. Continue up the roof, ensuring adhesive contact with the underside of the next tile course. For Pan and Cover Tiles: 1. Support the eave tiles from rocking until the adhesive has had a chance to cure. 2. Turn covers upside down exposing the underside of the tile. Apply adhesive directly on the inner edge of each side of the cover tile. Leave approximately 1/2 to 1 from the outside edge of the tile, inward, free of foam to allow for expansion. 3. Turn cover tile over after foam is applied and place onto pan tile course, ensuring recommended contact area on each side of the cover tile to the pan tile. Trim away any cured exposed foam adhesive. 4. When additional nailing is required, 2 x 4 nailers or wire tie system using stainless steel, or copper wire and compatible nails may be used.

Starter Figure 11.1 Foam Paddy Placement

84

Problems Spots and How to Avoid Them

1 Wind Uplift at Eaves and Rakes
The effect of wind on the roof is determined by many factors, including building height, eave overhang, type of tile, roof slope, and securement method. Local and national building codes must be consulted to determine the wind loading and resistance of clay tiles in a given area.Wind uplift is caused by a drop in air pressure immediately above the roof surface initiated by the deflection of wind at roof edges, roof peaks or obstructions. Uplift may also occur when air pressure is introduced underneath the tile at roof edges. This can cause the tile to lift away from the deck. Wind locks and storm clips are usually required at eaves and rakes (see Figure 12.1). Proper attachment of tiles at the perimeter will prevent the problems caused by wind uplift and are recommended to reduce wind noise and rattling at 19:12 and greater (see Chart 2.3, Page 7).

2 Ridge Cement, Underlayment and

Direction
To avoid problems at the ridge, these guidelines must be followed. The ridge should be covered with a self-adhering modified bitumen membrane material or two layers of No. 43 coated base sheet underlayment. The tiles should be applied with the laps facing away from the prevailing winds. Plastic cement should be a heavy body flashing cement composed of mineral ingredients to meet the requirements of ASTM D-4586.

12

10 GA. (.102) Copper Wind Lock

Figure 12.1 Storm Clips and Wind Locks

85

section

3 Broken Tiles
If during the course of installation tiles are broken, the following method of tile replacement is recommended. For Flat, Interlocking, Spanish, and Mission tile styles, use Ludowici Quik-Tach brackets (or equivalent) to replace individual tiles. Attach Quik-Tach bracket to back of replacement tile with a solid No. 16 copper wire. Clear area of debris where tile is to be replaced, including fasteners from the previous tile. These may be removed by using a slate ripper or, in the case of stainless steel screws, use a hacksaw blade. Lift butt of tile in course above. Then slide replacement underneath and down until bracket L hooks underneath top of course below. Adjust replacement tile to align or interlock (depending on tile type) with tiles to either side. An alternative for interlocking tiles is to fasten a 12-gauge copper wire into the deck, replacing the tile and then bending the exposed wire back into the left interlock, thus hiding the wire. See Figure 12.2. A copper strip can also be used over the tile butt.

Replaced Tile

1 1/2

Roof Deck 1 #12 Copper Wire or Copper Strap

Figure 12.2 Replacement Detail

1 Hemmed Copper Strap Minimum 16 Oz. Copper

86

Self Test
1. Pan and Cover Tiles are installed in a manner similar to flat and interlocking tiles. a. True b. False 2. Interlocking Profile Tiles may interlock at the: a. sides b. head c. butt d all of the above 3. Interlocking tiles can be installed on a lower slope than flat shingle tiles using standard roofing felt. a. True b. False 4. The minimum slope allowed for installation of any Ludowici clay tiles is: a. 3:12 b. 4:12 c. 5:12 d. 6:12 5. Tower Tile is designed for a radial application. a. True b. False 6. Asphalt-saturated underlayment is acceptable beneath valley flashing. a. True b. False 7. Which of the following is not a standard fitting? a. end band b. eave closure c. ridge hip terminal d. ornamental hip starter 8. Ludowici clay tiles can be applied to the following types of roof deck except: a. 3/4 plywood b. concrete c. spaced board sheathing d. board plank 9. When figuring the weight for structural requirements, the installer must consider the weight of underlayment, fasteners, roof accessories, and trim tile. a. True b. False 10. The most common method of fastening clay tiles is: a. nailing b. wire-tieing c. mortar d. adhesive set

This Self Test is provided as a way to test your understanding of the information. The answers can be found on page 92.

11. Additional methods of fasteners are not needed in which of the following: a. high wind areas b. seismic areas c. slopes exceeding 19:12 d. extreme cold areas 12. Clay tiles cannot be installed in areas of heavy seismic activity. a. True b. False 13. A built-up roofing membrane or CertainTeed WinterGuard waterproof underlayment is not required in which of the following: a. in regions where ice dams occur b. on pitches below the standard minimum c. in areas of high wind 14. For wood panel deck, panels should be spaced apart approximately: a. 1/8 b. 1/4 c. 1/2 d. 3/4 15. Where is the best place to stand to see the effects of color blending of the tile? a. on the roof at the ridge line b. on the ground where the entire roof can be seen c. on the eave of the roof d. where the sun is behind you 16. Which of the following does not apply to valley flashing: a. should be 16 oz. copper or equivalent b. should be 24 wide c. should have a turned edge for use with cleats d. should be soldered every 16 17. Pan and Cover Tile courses generally begin with a full tile. a. True b. False 18. If wood cant strips are nailed directly to the deck, they must be covered with roofing felt. a. True b. False 19. The usual overhang at the eave is: a. 1 b. 1 1/2 c. 2 d. 2 1/2

13

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S E C T I O N

20. Which of the following two methods are acceptable for underlayment for a roof deck? a. one layer of No. 30 asphalt-impregnated roofing felt b. two layers of No. 30 asphalt-impregnated roofing felt c. one layer of No. 43 coated base sheet 21. When chalking the roof, the horizontal lines are struck first. a. True b. False 22. For Tower Tile, horizontal lines should be drawn with a marker rather than a snapped chalk line. a. True b. False 23. All tiles allow for a substantial shortening of the length exposure except: a. French b. Spanish c. Greek d. Roman e. none of the above 24. Where are flatback tiles used? a. on any part of the roof where the roof is flat b. at the bottom of the curved portion of a tower c. as the starter for a tower tile row d. at the top of a tower tile 25. Cant strips can be applied: a. directly to the underlayment if using treated wood b. directly to the wood sheathing and covered with underlayment c. can be replaced with an under eaves course for some tile types d. all of the above 26. The following can be used to start tiles at the eave: a. cant strip b. eave closure c. under eave fitting d. all of the above 27. The stringers for tower tile are tapered. a. True b. False 28. Ludowici only recommends batten systems on: a. wood decks b. concrete decks c. plywood decks d. all of the above 29. Which two tiles have an offset joint pattern? a. flat (shingle) tiles b. interlocking tiles c. S-tiles d. pan and cover tiles

30. For flat shingle tiles, usually no rake tile or rake metal flashing is required. a. True b. False 31. If eave closures are not specified for Pan and Cover Tiles, the downslope edge of the roof can be closed with: a. mortar b. custom-made metal closures c. both of the above 32. Pan Tiles are: a. attached directly to the deck b. attached to wood nailers 33. Cover Tiles are: a. attached directly to the deck b. attached to wood nailers 34. Pan and Cover and S-Tiles are installed with a head lap of at least: a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d 4 35. Nails must be driven so that the tiles hang on the fasteners. a. True b. False 36. Tiles at hips and ridges should be: a. lapped shingle style b. lapped so that the lap faces away from the prevailing winds c. overlap the field tiles by 3-6 d. all of the above 37. Plastic cement for gable rakes, hip rolls, ridges, stringers and other conditions should be: a. non-running, heavy-bodied flashing cement to meet requirements of ASTM D 4586 b. mortar which matched tile color c. whatever is generally available 38. Generally open valleys are preferred over closed valleys. a. True b. False 39. Step flashing is used with: a. flat shingle tiles b. pan and cover tiles c. closed valley tiles 40. Channel or pan flashing is used with: a. flat shingle tiles b. pan and cover tiles 41. Underlayment for valleys should be: a. a half sheet of No. 43 asphalt-saturated felt b. a full sheet of waterproof underlayment c. a full sheet of No. 30 asphalt-saturated felt d. one layer of No. 15 asphalt-saturated felt

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42. With both step and channel flashing, the underlayment should be turned up: a. 3 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8 43. Notching is a time-saving way to prepare under eave course fittings if tiles are cut from the field tile. a. True b. False 44. Snowguards are generally required in areas where snow and ice may accumulate on the roof. a. True b. False 45. Recommendations for installing clay tiles in alpine conditions include all of the following except: a. closed valley construction b. reduced overhangs c. installation of snow guards over entire roof d. adding additional skylights 46. A mortar set application of clay tiles is an acceptable method of tile installation in areas not affected by freeze/thaw cycles. a. True b. False 47. The foam adhesive method is an acceptable method of installation in some areas. a. True b. False 48. Wind uplift at eaves and rakes can be prevented by: a. proper attachment of tiles at perimeter with wind locks and storm clips b. use of metal closures at perimeter c. use of mortar at perimeter 49. If possible, hip and ridge tiles should be applied with the laps facing: a. away from the prevailing winds b. toward the prevailing winds 50. Colors within a given shipment of Ludowici clay roof tile should be uniform in color. a. True b. False 51. Quik-Tach Brackets are used to replace broken tiles. a. True b. False 52. The purpose of the eave cant strip is to set the proper angle for the starter course. a. True b. False

53. Which of the following is not true? a. flat shingle tile is laid out in double thickness b. flat shingle tile usually has an offset joint pattern c. flat shingle tile is usually not side lapped d. flat shingle tile is installed with a cant strip 54. With flat shingle tile installation, the field tiles and end bands alternate in successive courses at the gable rake to stagger the bond lines. a. True b. False 55. A detached gable rake is used to close the rake edge for Interlocking Tile. a. True b. False 56. Which of the following is not true of Interlocking Tile installation? a. Interlocking tile is laid out in double thickness b. Interlocking tile is installed with a course-to-course overlap c. the starter course is usually an under eave fitting or cut field tile 57. Which of the following is not true of French Interlocking Profile Tile installation? a. Interlocking Profile Tile is laid out in single thickness b. Interlocking Profile Tile is installed with a course-to-course overlap c. the starter course is usually an under eave fitting or cut field tile 58. A detached gable rake is used to close the rake edge for Interlocking Profile Tile. a. True b. False 59. Spanish (S-Tile) cannot have an adjustable exposure. a. True b. False 60. The first course of Spanish Tile is: a. a full course b. a half course 61. In Spanish Tile installation, the first tile is installed: a. next to 1 x 1 end nailer with proper spacing for installation of end band fixture b. flush with the end band, with a 1/8 joint c. after the eave closures have all been put in place with right detached gable rake or a rolled rake tile 62. For pan and cover tiles, the deck is prepared by installing: a. counter battens b. vertical nailers c. horizontal nailers 63. The covers in pan and cover installation must: a. fit snugly against the vertical nailers b. be spaced to allow for expansion and contraction of the wood nailers

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64. For flat shingle tiles, the minimum overhang required at the downslope edge is: a. 1 b. 1 1/2 c. 2 d. 3 65. The minimum overhang required at the rake end is: a. 1 b. 1 1/2 c. 2 d. 3 66. In some cases, the covers can be used as coverings for hips and ridges. a. True b. False 67 At a ventilating ridge, the ridge should be wrapped with felt. a. True b. False 68. The hip or ridge tiles should cover the field tiles by approximately: a. 2 - 4 b. 3 - 6 c. half the length of the tile 69. Closed Valley construction is considered decorative. a. True b. False 70. Cut Valley Tiles are usually: a. nailed b. screwed c. wire-tied d. stapled 71. Which of the following flashings are used around chimneys? a. apron flashing b. step or channel flashing c. cricket or backer flashing d. counterflashing e. all of the above 72. Counterflashing is best accomplished by the mason during construction. a. True b. False 73. Flashing is usually not required at low slope to steep slope transitions. a. True b. False 74. Mortar or adhesive-set tile can be applied without mechanical fastening on pitches of up to: a. 5:12 b. 6:12 c. 7:12 d. 8:12

75. Glaciation occurs when: a. ice or snow falls from a higher roof to a lower one b. ice or snow locks onto the exposed edge of a tile, dragging it downward 76. When installing Ludowici clay tile in an Alpine condition area: a. use an adhesive-set application in addition to mechanical fasteners b. plans must be pre-approved in writing by Ludowici c. plans should be sent to local code officials for processing d. take out extra liability insurance 77. Ludowici tiles are extremely hard, yet drilling is quickly accomplished with a standard drill bit if it is sharp, so using the notching method is a waste of time. a. True b. False 78. What type of underlayment is required for the ridge of the roof? a. no underlayment is required b. one layer of No. 30 asphalt-impregnated roofing felt c. self-adhesive modified bitumen membrane or waterproof underlayment 79. How do you determine if a buildings structural support will be strong enough to support a 1,500-pound per square load? a. hire six 250-pound roofers and have them stand in one spot to see if the roof can support them b. have a structural engineer review the roofing structure and supply a signed letter of approval c. all roofs can support 1,500-pound per square load d. call the owner and ask him if it is OK 80. What is the type of hip and ridge used with French tile? a. CC Hip and Ridge profile b. cut the French tile and use sealant to join them together c. 102 Hip Roll and a 206 Ridge d. V-Hip and Ridge profile 81. Which of the following must be answered before a terminal can be ordered? a. the factory knows the type, so just order a terminal for Mission tile b. the pitch of both sides of the roof c. the pitch of all sides of the roof, whether its a Starter or a Finisher, and the type of terminal required d. call the architect to look up the specs 82. Color blending is only required when the tile is supplied in how many colors? a. when 3 or more colors are being used on the roof as a blend b. all tiles must be blended regardless of the number of colors supplied c. when 5 or more colors are being used on the roof as a blend d. tiles are supplied from the factory and do not require blending on the roof

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83. Which copper flashing is the minimum weight for the valley flashing? a. copper flashing is not required; use aluminum b. 20-ounce copper flashing c. 16-ounce copper flashing d. 12-ounce copper flashing 84. What is the third elongated hole in the Barrel of Spanish tile used for? a. there is no third elongated hole in Spanish tile b. for a third nail c. to use a 3 long stainless steel screw in high wind areas d. for the use of a wire tie system 85. On which side of the roof do you start laying tile (excluding flat shingle tile) when a valley is on the right hand side of the roof? a. left or right it does not make any difference b. tile lays from right to left, so start at the valley c. measure and lay the tile loose from the left and then lay the tile from the right 86 The owner is responsible for the blending of tile on the roof. a. True b. False 87. What type or style of tile uses the laid tight method? a. closed shingle tile b. Interlocking tile c. Straight Barrel Mission tile d. all types of tile can be laid using the laid tight method 88. When is an attached rake used? a. when the tile is over 12 long b. when the roof has a pitch exceeding 12:12 c. when the Architect details the use of an attached rake d. there is no such thing as an attached rake 89. What are the types of hips and ridges used with Spanish tile? a. CC Hip and Ridge profile b. CC Hip and Ridge and the 102 Hip Roll and a 206 Ridge profile c. 102 Hip Roll and a 206 Ridge d. V-Hip and Ridge profile and the 211 Ridge profile 90. What is the laid tight method? a. used with Straight Barrel Mission where the first row of covers is cut 3 shorter than the regular field tile to start the course b. the pans and covers have butts that are offset by 3 c. the top row of pans are cut 3 short d. all of the above 91. The color blending of one color of tile is accomplished by which method? a. pulling tile from both sides of a pallet and then nailing the tile on the roof b. selecting tile from 3 or more pallets and mixing the tile prior to nailing the tile on the roof c. laying the tile directly from the pallet and then nailing the tile on the roof d. none of the above

92. How can roof venting be done at the ridge of a roof when using Interlocking Tile? a. there is no way to vent a ridge when using Interlocking Tile b. with a large fan in the attic c. by using a 211 Ridge tile with vent cutouts and by screening and wind baffling the ridge 93. What type and size of wire is used for fastening tile in a valley? a. piano wire b. copper wire 6 gauge c. steel bailing wire c. solid, copper wire 16 gauge d. use screws in the valley to hold the tile 94. When starting a roofing project, what are the first items which must be verified on the roof before starting to chalk lines for interlocking tile? a. to see if the roof is square and determine the length and width of the decking b. check the rafter length and the valley span from the ridge of the roof c. measure the tile to see if the eave of the roof will accommodate the number of tile for coursing 95. When designing a Tower Tile roof, what are the two key dimensions required? a. height of the tower and the size of the drip edge b. the rafter length and the diameter (or pitch) of the tower c. the height of the tile and the overlap required for the field tile to the Tower Tile d. nothing is required the tiles are all the same 96. What is required when using ice dam protection for the entire roof? a. No. 43 coated base sheet b. an adequately vented space under the roof c. nothing out of the ordinary d. do not use ice dam protection material on the entire roof 97. When is the use of wind clips recommended? a. when the pitch is a 3 rise to a 12 run b. on all tiles where the wind load exceeds 20 pounds per square foot c. on tile used on buildings over 2 stories in height d. when the pitch exceeds a 19 rise to a 12 run 98. The entire crew should make decisions as to which color tile in a blend goes next. a. True b. False 99. Ludowici requires that a self-adhering modified bitumen membrane or a waterproofing underlayment be used on the entire deck from 3:12 (absolute minimum) up to the products recommended minimum. a. True b. False 100. Proper underlayment selection and application is critical to the success of a tile roof installation. a. True b. False

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Notes

Notes

Answers to Self Test

1: b 21: b 41: b 61: c 81: c 2: d 22: a 42: c 62: b 82: b 3: a 23: e 43: a 63: b 83: c 4: a 24: d 44: a 64: c 84: d 5: a 25: d 45: d 65: a 85: c 6: b 26: d 46: a 66: a 86: b 7: d 27: a 47: a 67: b 87: c 8: c 28: b 48: a 68: b 88: c 9: a 29: a,b 49: a 69: a 89: b 10: a 30: a 50: b 70: c 90: d 11: d 31: c 51: a 71: e 91: b 12: b 32: a 52: a 72: a 92: c 13: c 33: b 53: c 73: b 93: c 14: a 34: c 54: a 74: b 94: a 15: b 35: a 55: a 75: b 95: b 16: d 36: d 56: a 76: b 96: b 17: a 37: a 57: c 77: b 97: d 18: a 38: a 58: a 78: c 98: b 19: c 20: b,c 39: a 40: b 59: a 60: a 79: b 80: c 99: a 100: a

Note: This manual includes the basic installation instructions from start to finish in an easy-to-read format. However, the applicator must always give consideration to regional climactic conditions and code requirements.

We at Ludowici welcome your ideas, suggestions and installation tips so that we can continue improving this publication. The inclusion in this manual of any submitted tip is at the sole discretion of Ludowici. We promise to review each submission completely. For technical questions not answered in this publication, please contact us. This manual supercedes any prior installation instructions published by Ludowici. Thank you for your interest in Ludowici Roof Tile.

4757 Tile Plant Road, P.O. Box 69 New Lexington, Ohio 43764 phone: (800) 945-TILE (800) 945-8453 fax: (740) 342-5229 http://www.ludowici.com

September 2000 Ludowici Roof Tile, Inc.

Second Edition