Chlorphenaramine

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Home > Health Library > Encyclopedia

Encyclopedia

Table of Contents > Drugs >


Chlorpheniramine
Chlorpheniramine
Pronunciation Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics

U.S. Brand Names Dosage


Synonyms Administration

Generic Available Dietary Considerations


Canadian Brand Names Patient Education

Use Nursing Implications


Pregnancy Risk Factor Additional Information

Contraindications Dental Health: Effects on Dental


Treatment
Warnings/Precautions Dental Health:
Vasoconstrictor/Local Anesthetic
Adverse Reactions Precautions
Drug Interactions Mental Health: Effects on Mental
Status
Ethanol/Nutrition/Herb
Mental Health: Effects on
Interactions
Psychiatric Treatment
Stability
Dosage Forms
Mechanism of Action
International Brand Names

Pronunciation

(klor fen IR a meen)

U.S. Brand Names


Aller-Chlor® [OTC]; Chlorphen [OTC]; Chlor-Trimeton® [OTC]; Diabetic Tussin® Allergy Relief
[OTC]; Teldrin® HBP [OTC]

Synonyms
Chlorpheniramine Maleate; CTM

Generic Available
Yes

Canadian Brand Names


Chlor-Tripolon®; Novo-Pheniram

Use
Perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis and other allergic symptoms including urticaria

Pregnancy Risk Factor


B

Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to chlorpheniramine maleate or any component of the formulation; narrow-angle
glaucoma; bladder neck obstruction; symptomatic prostate hypertrophy; during acute asthmatic
attacks; stenosing peptic ulcer; pyloroduodenal obstruction. Avoid use in premature and term
newborns due to possible association with SIDS.

Warnings/Precautions
Causes sedation, caution must be used in performing tasks which require alertness (eg,
operating machinery or driving). Sedative effects of CNS depressants or ethanol are potentiated.
Use with caution in patients with angle-closure glaucoma, pyloroduodenal obstruction (including
stenotic peptic ulcer), urinary tract obstruction (including bladder neck obstruction and
symptomatic prostatic hyperplasia), hyperthyroidism, increased intraocular pressure, and
cardiovascular disease (including hypertension and tachycardia). High sedative and
anticholinergic properties, therefore may not be considered the antihistamine of choice for
prolonged use in the elderly. May cause paradoxical excitation in pediatric patients, and can
result in hallucinations, coma, and death in overdose.

Adverse Reactions
>10%:

Central nervous system: Slight to moderate drowsiness

Respiratory: Thickening of bronchial secretions

1% to 10%:

Central nervous system: Headache, excitability, fatigue, nervousness, dizziness

Gastrointestinal: Nausea, xerostomia, diarrhea, abdominal pain, appetite increase, weight gain

Genitourinary: Urinary retention

Neuromuscular & skeletal: Arthralgia, weakness

Ocular: Diplopia

Renal: Polyuria

Respiratory: Pharyngitis

Drug Interactions
Substrate of CYP2D6 (minor), 3A4 (major); Inhibits CYP2D6 (weak)
Increased toxicity (CNS depression): CNS depressants, MAO inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants,
phenothiazines

CYP3A4 inhibitors: May increase the levels/effects of chlorpheniramine. Example inhibitors


include azole antifungals, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, diclofenac, doxycycline, erythromycin,
imatinib, isoniazid, nefazodone, nicardipine, propofol, protease inhibitors, quinidine, and
verapamil.

Ethanol/Nutrition/Herb Interactions
Ethanol: Avoid ethanol (may increase CNS depression).

Stability
Protect from light

Mechanism of Action
Competes with histamine for H1-receptor sites on effector cells in the gastrointestinal tract, blood
vessels, and respiratory tract

Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics
Half-life elimination, serum: 20-24 hours

Dosage
Children: Oral: 0.35 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 4-6 hours

2-6 years: 1 mg every 4-6 hours, not to exceed 6 mg in 24 hours

6-12 years: 2 mg every 4-6 hours, not to exceed 12 mg/day or sustained release 8 mg at bedtime

Children >12 years and Adults: Oral: 4 mg every 4-6 hours, not to exceed 24 mg/day or sustained
release 8-12 mg every 8-12 hours, not to exceed 24 mg/day

Elderly: Oral: 4 mg once or twice daily. Note: Duration of action may be 36 hours or more when
serum concentrations are low.

Hemodialysis: Supplemental dose is not necessary

Administration
Timed release oral forms are to be swallowed whole, not crushed or chewed.

Dietary Considerations
May be taken with food or water.

Patient Education
May cause drowsiness; swallow whole, do not crush or chew sustained release product; avoid
alcohol, may impair coordination and judgment

Nursing Implications
Raise bed rails, institute safety measures, assist with ambulation.

Additional Information
Not effective for nasal stuffiness.

Dental Health: Effects on Dental Treatment


Key adverse event(s) related to dental treatment: Xerostomia (normal salivary flow resumes upon
discontinuation). Chronic use of antihistamines will inhibit salivary flow, particularly in elderly
patients; this may contribute to periodontal disease and oral discomfort.
Dental Health: Vasoconstrictor/Local Anesthetic Precautions
No information available to require special precautions

Mental Health: Effects on Mental Status


Drowsiness is common; may cause excitability, nervousness, fatigue, or depression

Mental Health: Effects on Psychiatric Treatment


Dry mouth and sedation may be exacerbated by concurrent psychotropic use

Dosage Forms
Syrup, as maleate:

Aller-Chlor®: 2 mg/5 mL (120 mL) [contains alcohol 5%]

Diabetic Tussin® Allergy Relief: 2 mg/5 mL (120 mL) [alcohol free, dye free, sugar free]

Tablet, as maleate (Aller-Chlor®, Chlor-Trimeton®, Chlorphen, Teldrin® HBP): 4 mg

Tablet, extended release, as maleate (Chlor-Trimeton®): 12 mg

International Brand Names


Chlor-Tripolon® (CA); Novo-Pheniram (CA)
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