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IBM Mainframes: COBOL Training Class-12

This document provides an overview of datasets and file operations in IBM mainframe systems. It discusses: 1) The two types of datasets - Partitioned Data Set (PDS) which can contain multiple members, and Physical Sequential Data Set (PS) which contains sequential records. 2) How datasets are stored on Direct Access Storage Disk (DASD) and accessed via units, volumes, and data sets in a hierarchical manner. 3) The key file operations - OPEN to connect a file, READ to retrieve a record, WRITE to add a record, REWRITE to update an existing record, and CLOSE to disconnect a file. 4) How files are defined in a program

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51 views19 pages

IBM Mainframes: COBOL Training Class-12

This document provides an overview of datasets and file operations in IBM mainframe systems. It discusses: 1) The two types of datasets - Partitioned Data Set (PDS) which can contain multiple members, and Physical Sequential Data Set (PS) which contains sequential records. 2) How datasets are stored on Direct Access Storage Disk (DASD) and accessed via units, volumes, and data sets in a hierarchical manner. 3) The key file operations - OPEN to connect a file, READ to retrieve a record, WRITE to add a record, REWRITE to update an existing record, and CLOSE to disconnect a file. 4) How files are defined in a program

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ravikiran_8p
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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IBM Mainframes

COBOL Training Class-12

DataSets

Dataset:

A named collection of data in an IBM mainframe operating system. A data set in an IBM mainframe is the equivalent of a file in other operating systems Direct Access Storage Disk (DASD or magnetic tape .

A dataset is typically stored on

!hese Dataset are of t"o types:


#DS (#artitioned Dataset #S (#hysical Sequential Dataset

Partitioned Data Set & Physical Sequential Dataset

PDS or Partitioned Data Set is a dataset containing multiple partition$s each of "hich may contain a members Members are %&B&' #rograms( )%' #rograms( 'oad Modules etc. !he #artitioned Data Set can only allocate on a single volume "ith the ma*imum si+e of ,--., tracks. PS or Physical Sequential Data Set is a dataset that contains records Records like employee details( customer details etc.(

DASD & Main-Memory

Direct Access Storage Disk ( DASD ) Mainframes /ard Disk "hich stores the physical data

DASD UNITS ( SYSDA & SYSA DA) !" U#$S DATA S$TS #$#%$RS&R$'"RDS

#ain(#e)ory :

Mainframes temporary space used 0y varia0les of an application program.

Steps to follow
*+ ,+ .+ 0+ 1+
Allocation: !he files used in the program should 0e declared1specified in 2I'34%&5!6&' paragraph "ith4in I5#7!4&7!#7! S3%!I&5 of 358I6&53M5! DI8ISI&5. De-inition. !he 6ecord layout of the file and its attri0utes are defined in the 2D #A6A96A#/ "ith4in 2I'3 S3%!I&5 of DA!A DI8ISI&5. "/en: Dataset is connected1readied to your program using &#35 statement. !he mode of &#35 decides the operation allo"ed and the initial pointer in the dataset. Process: #rocess the file as per requirement( using the I4& statements 12I'3 836BS provided 0y %&B&'. (63AD( :6I!3( 63:6I!3 and D3'3!3 'lose: After the processing( close the file to disconnect it from the program.

En ironment !i ision

Define the file in 2I'34%&5!6&' #aragraph of I5#7!4&7!#7! S3%!I&5 "ith in 358I6&5M35! DI8ISI&5. S$ $'T Statement is used to define a file.

358I6&5M35! DI8ISI&5. I5#7!4&7!#7! S3%!I&5. 2I'34%&5!6&'. S3'3%! "2I'A (3I $NA#$ ASSI95 !& DD5AM3 &69A5I;A!I&5 IS S3<735!IA' A%%3SS M&D3 IS S3<735!IA' 2I'3 S!A!7S IS :S4S!A!7S. &rgani+ation and Access mode is optional for a #S file( the default is sequential itself

"oints To #ote

Nu)4er o- S$ $'T statements specifies num0er of files used in a program. 'ogical file name is used through out the program e*ecution.

Must not e*ceed = characters. 'ike 3M#2I'3( %7S!2I'3( I542I'3 ( &7!2I'3 etc.

DD5AM3 Acts as a link 0et"een logical and physical file name "hich is used in the e*ecution )%'.

Must 5ot 3*ceed = %haracters. 'ike 3M#DD( %7S!DD( I54DD( &7!4DD 3!%.

Organi$ation an! A%%ess Mo!e



"rgani5ation : !he "ay in "hich records are arranged in the file. 6ays o- organi5ation 7

Sequential &ne record after other Inde8ed Based on a inde* key value ( 8SAM Relati9e Based on a relative record num0er ( 8SAM

Access )ode : !he "ay in "hich records can 0e accessed ( 63!I63D from a file. Access )ode are 7(

Sequential &ne after other record only till end of the file Rando) Access directly a record from the file Dyna)ic Both direct and sequential com0ined

&ile Stat's Co!e



It is a t:o(4yte "orking storage item. !he first 0yte denotes the general category "hereas second 0yte denotes the particular type of error message under that category. 0 Successful OPEN/READ/WRITE Operation

>> Successful completion


10 When AT END con ition fails ?> Sequential 63AD is attempted a-ter the end o- -ile is reached @>A B>

@?( @@( @.( @C A B>( B@( BD all these are related to 8SAM.
.> &pening 3rror 'ike.. .B mostly C> 'ogical 3rror in programs

DATA DI(ISIO#

2ile has to 0e descri0ed in 2D #aragraph of 2I'3 S3%!I&5 "ith in DA!A DI8ISI&5. 2ile section should 0e the first section if coded.

Synta*: DA!A DI8ISI&5. 2I'3 S3%!I&5. 2D '&9I%A'42I'35AM3 'AB3' 63%&6DS A63 S!A5DA6D1&MMI!3D. >? 63%&6D4'AE&7!. >- F.. 1 %&#E %&#EB&&G45AM3. Instead of record layout specifying here "e mostly use %&#EB&&G.

Open an! Close

Any file operated in an application program need to 0e opened first and later on closed after the task completion . Synta* :

&#35 &#35I594M&D3 2I'3?H(2I'3@I. %'&S3 2I'3?H(2I'3@I.

&ile Opening mo!es

:e have C type of opening modes. !hey are :



INPUT Mode :4 "ut/ut Mode :4 I(" Mode :4 $8tend Mode:4 %an perform only read %an perform only "rite %an perform read and re"rite %an append a ne" record to e*isting file

&ile Operation & &ile (er)s


!o perform any operation on file "e use one file ver0 "hich are listed 0elo"
3ile 9er4 &#35 %'&S3 63AD :6I!3 63:6I!3 Action %onnect to file 6elease the file 6etrieves a record Adds a ne" record 7pdate an e*isting record "/ening )ode 444 444 I5#7! &7!#7! I4&

D3'3!3

Delete$s a record

I4&

*EAD (er)

63AD ver0 reads a single record at a time. 6ecord fetch 0y read statement "ill 0e moved into the record layout( defined at 2D "ithin 2I'34 S3%!I&5. 2ile must 0e opened in I5#7! 1 I4& Mode Synta* ?. !o read only one record 63AD 3I $NA#$ HI5!& :S463%&6D4'AE&7!I( Synta* @. !o read till end of the file sequentially 63AD 3I $NA#$ A! 35D S!A!3M35! 5&! A! 35D S!A!3M35! 35D463AD.

+*ITE (er)

6RIT$ 836B is used to "rite a ne" record into the file. 2ile must 0e opened in "UTPUT Mode. !he data has to 0e moved into the record layout 0efore making a "rite statement. Synta* :

:6I!3 63%&6D4'AE&7!.
63%&6D 'AE&7! defined in 2I'34S3%!I&5 along "ith 2D

:6I!3 63%&6D4'AE&7! 26&M :S496&7#45AM3.


:S :&6GI594S!&6A93 S3%!I&5 data4area

*E+*ITE (er)

63:6I!3 836B updates a specific record "hich is already e*ists in the file. 2ile must 0e opened in I(" Mode. !he updated data has to 0e moved into the record layout 0efore making a re"rite statement. Synta* :

R$6RIT$ 63%&6D4'AE&7!.

DELETE (er)

Delete ver0 delete;s a record from the file. 6ecord present in #S 2I'3 cannot 4e deleted instead "e move space to remove a record from the file. Synta* :

D$ $T$ 2I'35AM3.

Deletes only one record not the file.

Sample "rograms

In Practical

T,an- .o'

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