MODUL SUBJONCTIV In engleza contemporana, subjonctivul nu are formele lui proprii.

El apare cu forme de infinitiv, de Past Tense si de Past Perfect. De asemenea, exista echivalenti de subjonctiv care constau in verbele should, may, might, ould ! infinitiv. ". Subjonctiv cu forma de infinitiv a. #pare in propozitii exclamative, exprim$nd o lozinca, o urare, o dorinta sau un blestem. Ex. %ong live the &ing' (ome hat may. )od forgive you' (urse this fog' b. Poate fi int$lnit in poezia clasica, in situatii in care, in engleza contemporana, ar fi inlocuit cu prezentul. Ex. *ha&espeare+ ,If this be error-. If this is error /yron+ ,Though the hart be still as loving- .the heart is c. Poate fi folosit ca o modalitate de a da ordine. Ex. Everybody leave the hall. *omebody bring me a glass of ater. d. Dupa constructii de tipul+ it is impossible that, it is desirable that, it is necessary that, it is li&ely that. Ex. It is necessary that you be present. It is desirable that e finish the translation first. It is impossible that he do this. e0 Dupa verbe ca+ to propose, to suggest, to insist, to demand, to urge, to recommend, to order Ex. I recommended that his proposal be accepted. The doctor insisted that I &eep indoors. ". Subjonctiv cu forma de Past Tense sau Past Perfect: #pare dupa urmatoarele expresii+ a. I wish 1mi2as dori, bine ar fi sa0

Daca dorinta se refera la momentul prezent, se foloseste subjonctivul cu forma de Past Tense.

Ex. I ish I ere in England no . Nota: Verbul to be la subjonctivul du forma de Past Tense, apare ca were la toate persoanele. Daca dorinta se refera la un moment anterior, se foloseste subjonctivul cu forma de Past Perfect. Ex. I ish I had been born in England. Daca dorinta se refera la un moment viitor, se foloseste would, ca echivalent de subjonctiv. Ex. I ish it ould stop raining. b0 If only 3 are aproximativ acelasi sens cu I wish Ex. If only I lived to be a hundred'
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MODUL SUBJONCTIV

c0 As if thou!h 1ca si cum, de parca0 even if even thou!h 1chiar daca0 Ex. 4ou spea& English as if you ere an Englishman. 4ou spea& English as if you had lived in England. d"It is time. 1E timpul.0 It is hi!h time. Ex. It is time the child ent to bed. It is high time you began to study seriously. a. I would sooner rather 1as prefera sa.0 Ex. I ould sooner you stayed at home tonight. In exemplul de mai sus, persoana care isi exprima preferinta este diferita de cea care face actiunea. In cazul in care persoana care isi exprima preferinta este aceeasi cu cea care face actiunea, se poate folosi fie subjonctivul cu forma de Past Tense, fie cel cu forma de infinitiv. Ex. I ould sooner I stayed at home tonight. I ould sooner stay at home tonight. ". #chivalenti de subjonctiv a. should 3 ca si subjonctivul cu forma de infinitiv 1"2d0 se poate folosi dupa constructii de tipul+ It is impossible that, it is necessary that. Ex. It is necessary that you should be present. It is desirable that e should finish the translation first. It is impossible that he should do this. #cest tip de constructii se traduc la fel 1vezi "2d0, fie ca se foloseste in limba engleza subjonctivul cu forma de infinitiv, fie ca se foloseste should ca echivalent de subjonctiv. Exista o situatie in care nu se poate folosi subjonctivul cu forma de infinitiv,ci este necesara introducerea lui should. Este vorba de cazul c$nd propozitia secundara exprima o actiune anterioara celei din principala. Ex. It is impossible that he should have done this. Dupa cum se observa, in aceasta situatie should este urmat de infinitivul trecut. De asemenea, la fel ca si subjonctivul cu forma de infinitiv 1vezi "2e0, should poate aparea dupa verbe ca+ to propose, to suggest, to insist, to demand, to urge, to recommend. Ex. I recommend that his proposal should be accepted. The doctor insisted that I should stay indoors. Dupa conjunctia lest 1ca nu cumva sa0 Ex. 5urry up lest you should miss the train. I am afraid lest he should fail the exam. Nota: In en!le$a contemporana e%ista tendinta de a se omite should dupa lest si de a se folosi subjonctivul cu forma de infinitiv. Ex. 5urry up lest you miss the train. Intrebari introduse prin how, why, where,when, fie in vorbirea direca, fie in vorbirea indirecta. Ex. 5o should I &no here he is no 6 I don7t see hy you should be so rude to him. a. may, mi!ht (a si subjonctivul cu forma de infinitiv, may poate aparea in lozinci si urari+ Ex. 8ay success attend you' 8ay you live long and be happy'
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MODUL SUBJONCTIV

Dupa to hope, to be afraid

Ex. I hope that he may pass the exam. I as afraid that he might fail the exam. Dupa cum reiese din exemplele de mai sus, daca verbul din propozitia principala este la timpul prezent, in secundara se foloseste may, iar daca verbul din propozitia principala este la timpul trecut, in secundara se foloseste mi!ht. Dupa so that, in order that Ex. *tudy hard so that:in order that you may pass the exam. I studied hard so that:in order that I might pass the exam. Dupa whoever, whenever, wherever, however, whichever, whatever sau dupa formulele echivalente no matter who, no matter when, etc. Ex. ;hoever you may:might be, you have no right to do this. <o matter ho you may:might be, you have no right to do this. ;herever I may:might be, I ill ring you up. Dupa it is possible, it was possible Ex. It is possible that he may be here in time. It as possible that he might be here in time. Nota: &upa cum se poate observa, echivalentii de subjonctiv sunt la ori!ine verbe modale. #%isa situatii c'nd se pot folosi si alte verbe modale dec't cele e%puse in acest capitol ca echivalenti de subjonctiv, iar in aceste ca$uri, verbele respective aduc in propo$itie si sensul lor initial. Ex. I ish I could spea& English. I ish I might borro your car.

MODUL SUBJONCTIV