Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P.

Araneta

TESTAMENTARY SUCCESSION
Section LEGITIME

ART. 886. !e"itime is t#at $art of t#e testator%s $ro$erty &#ic# #e cannot 'is$ose of because t#e la& #as reser(e' it for certain #eirs &#o are) t#erefore) calle' compulsory heirs. ART. 887. *#e follo&in" are com$ulsory #eirs+ (1) !e"itimate c#il'ren an' 'escen'ants) &it# res$ect to t#eir le"itimate $arents an' ascen'ants, (2) -n 'efault of t#e fore"oin") le"itimate $arents an' ascen'ants) &it# res$ect to t#eir le"itimate c#il'ren an' 'escen'ants, (3) *#e &i'o& or &i'o&er, (.) -lle"itimate c#il'ren &#ose filiation must be 'uly $ro(e'. /om$ulsory #eirs mentione' in Nos. 3 an' . are not exclu'e' by t#ose in Nos. 1 an' 2, neit#er 'o t#ey exclu'e one anot#er. *#e fat#er or mot#er of ille"itimate c#il'ren s#all in#erit from t#em in t#e manner an' to t#e extent establis#e' by t#e /i(il /o'e. RIMARY COM ULSORY !EIRS (1) !e"itimate c#il'ren 'escen'ants (2) Sur(i(in" S$ouse (3) -lle"itimate 'escen'ants c#il'ren an' t#eir an' t#eir SECON"ARY COM ULSORY !EIRS (.) !e"itimate $arents an' ascen'ants ( ) -lle"itimate ascen'ants) $arents (no ot#er

*#e primary compulsory heirs "et *#e secondary compulsory heirs t#eir le"itime e(en in t#e $resence of t#e in#erit only in t#e absence of le"itimate ot#er $rimary com$ulsory #eirs an' e(en in c#il'ren an' t#eir 'escen'ants. t#e $resence of t#e secon'ary com$ulsory #eirs. *#e fat#er or t#e mot#er of ille"itimate c#il'ren is also a secon'ary No#e$ -lle"itimate c#il'ren) to be com$ulsory com$ulsory #eir but only as $ro(i'e' for in #eirs) must be reco"ni0e'. Art. 103.
Art. 103. *#e le"itime of t#e $arents &#o #a(e an ille"itimate c#il') &#en suc# c#il' lea(es neit#er le"itimate 'escen'ants) nor a sur(i(in" s$ouse) nor ille"itimate c#il'ren) is one2#alf (132) of t#e #ere'itary estate of suc# ille"itimate c#il'. xxx Table 1. Classes of compulsory heirs.

-lle"itimate 4 133

/#il'ren -lle"itimate 4 133

Parents

alone

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

Sur(i(in" 4 133

S$ouse Sur(i(in" 4 132) 133)

S$ouse

alone

!e"itimate 4 132 -lle"itimate 4 13. Sur(i(in" 4 135 !e"itimate 4 132 -lle"itimate 4 13. !e"itimate 4 132 Sur(i(in" 4 13. -lle"itimate 4 13. Sur(i(in" 4 13. -lle"itimate 4 132 !e"itimate 4 132

132 Parents !e"itimate 4 132 /#il'ren S$ouse

/#il'

alone

Parents 1 !e"itimate /#il' 4 132 /#il'ren Sur(i(in" S$ouse 4 13. Parents 2 or more !e"itimate /#il'ren S$ouse 4 132 Sur(i(in" S$ouse 4 same as 1 Parents le"itimate c#il' S$ouse /#il' Parents alone !e"itimate /#il' 132 of estate alone -lle"itimate /#il' le"itimate c#il' 4 4 6 of eac#

Table 2. Simpler table of legitimes.

Le%i#imes o& Compulsory !eirs Le%i#im'#e chil(re) ')( (esce)(')#s *Ar#. 888+ ART. 888. *#e le"itime of le"itimate c#il'ren an' 'escen'ants consists of one2#alf (132) of t#e #ere'itary estate of t#e fat#er an' of t#e mot#er. *#e latter may freely 'is$ose of t#e remainin" #alf) sub7ect to t#e ri"#ts of ille"itimate c#il'ren an' of t#e sur(i(in" s$ouse as #ereinafter $ro(i'e'. Le%i#im'#e p're)#s or 'sce)(')#s *Ar#. 88,+ ART. 88,. *#e le"itime of le"itimate $arents or ascen'ants consists of one2#alf (132) of t#e #ere'itary estates of t#eir c#il'ren an' 'escen'ants. *#e c#il'ren or 'escen'ants may freely 'is$ose of t#e ot#er #alf sub7ect to t#e ri"#ts of ille"itimate c#il'ren an' of t#e sur(i(in" s$ouse as #ereinafter $ro(i'e'. N8*E+ -f t#ere is any le"itimate c#il' or 'escen'ants of t#e 'ece'ent) t#e $arents "et no le"itime) because sai' $arents are only secon'ary com$ulsory #eir.

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

ART. 8,-. *#e le"itime reser(e' for t#e le"itimate $arents s#all be 'i(i'e' bet&een t#em e9ually, if one of t#e $arents s#oul' #a(e 'ie') t#e &#ole s#all $ass to t#e sur(i(or. -f t#e testator lea(es neit#er fat#er nor mot#er) but is sur(i(e' by ascen'ants of e9ual 'e"ree of t#e $aternal an' maternal lines) t#e le"itime s#all be 'i(i'e' e9ually bet&een bot# lines. -f t#e ascen'ants s#oul' be of 'ifferent 'e"rees) it s#all $ertain entirely to t#e ones nearest in 'e"ree of eit#er line. Note+ *#ere is N8 :-;<* 8F :EP:ESEN*A*-8N in t#e ascen'in" line. Proximity :ule+ -n e(ery in#eritance) t#e relati(e nearest in 'e"ree exclu'es t#e more 'istant one) sa(in" t#e ri"#t of re$resentation &#en it $ro$erly ta=es $lace. State' ot#er&ise) t#e nearer exclu'es t#e fart#er. O)e le%i#im'#e chil( or (esce)(')# co)curri)% .i#h #he sur/i/i)% spouse *Ar#. 8,0+ ART. 8,0. -f only one le"itimate c#il' or 'escen'ant of t#e 'ecease' sur(i(es) t#e &i'o& or &i'o&er s#all be entitle' to one2fourt# (13.) of t#e #ere'itary estate. -n case of a le"al se$aration) t#e sur(i(in" s$ouse may in#erit if it &as t#e 'ecease' &#o #a' "i(en cause for t#e same.
*#e le"itime of t#e sur(i(in" s$ouse s#all be ta=en from t#e $ortion t#at can be freely 'is$ose' of by t#e testator.

T.o or more le%i#im'#e chil(re) or (esce)(')#s #o%e#her .i#h #he sur/i/i)% spouse *Ar#. 8,0+ -f t#ere are t&o or more le"itimate c#il'ren or 'escen'ants) t#e sur(i(in" s$ouse s#all be entitle' to a $ortion to t#e le"itime of eac# of t#e le"itimate c#il'ren or 'escen'ants. *#e le"itime of t#e sur(i(in" s$ouse s#all be ta=en from t#e $ortion t#at can be freely 'is$ose' of by t#e testator. N8*E+ Any 'e(ise or le"acy "i(en to t#e sur(i(in" s$ouse s#oul' be consi'ere' as bein" in a''ition to #is or #er le"itime) an' must t#erefore be c#ar"e' to t#e free $ortion. Suc# 'e(ise s#oul' be consi'ere' in t#e same footin" as t#ose "i(en to stran"ers. Le%i#im'#e p're)#s or 'sce)(')#s .i#h #he sur/i/i)% spouse *Ar#. 8,1+ ART. 8,1. -f t#e testator lea(es no le"itimate 'escen'ants) but lea(es le"itimate ascen'ants) t#e sur(i(in" s$ouse s#all #a(e a ri"#t to one2fourt# (13.) of t#e #ere'itary estate. *#is fourt# s#all be ta=en from t#e free $ortion of t#e estate. Ille%i#im'#e chil(re) .i#h #he sur/i/i)% spouse *Ar#. 8,2+

ART. 8,2. -f t#e testator lea(es ille"itimate c#il'ren) t#e sur(i(in" s$ouse s#all be entitle' to one2t#ir' (133) of t#e #ere'itary estate of t#e 'ecease' an' t#e ille"itimate c#il'ren to anot#er t#ir'. *#e remainin" t#ir' s#all be at t#e free 'is$osal of t#e testator. Le%i#im'#e chil(re) or (esce)(')#s .i#h )'#ur'l ')( o#her ille%i#im'#e chil(re) *Ar#. 8,3+

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

ART. 8,3. *#e le"itime of ille"itimate c#il'ren s#all consist of one2#alf (132) of t#e le"itime of eac# of t#e le"itimate c#il'ren or 'escen'ants. *#e le"itime of t#e ille"itimate c#il'ren s#all be ta=en from t#e $ortion of t#e estate at t#e free 'is$osal of t#e testator) $ro(i'e' t#at in no case s#all t#e total le"itime of suc# ille"itimate c#il'ren excee' t#at free $ortion) an' t#at t#e le"itime of t#e sur(i(in" s$ouse must first be fully satisfie'. Le%i#im'#e p're)#s or 'sce)(')#s ')( ille%i#im'#e chil(re) *Ar#. 8,6+ ART. 8,6. -lle"itimate c#il'ren &#o may sur(i(e &it# le"itimate $arents or ascen'ants of t#e 'ecease' s#all be entitle' to one2fourt# (13.) of t#e #ere'itary estate to be ta=en from t#e $ortion at t#e free 'is$osal of t#e testator. Sur/i/i)% spouse .i#h le%i#im'#e chil(re) or (esce)(')#s ')( ille%i#im'#e chil(re) *Ar#. 8,7+ ART. 8,7. >#en t#e &i'o& or &i'o&er sur(i(es &it# le"itimate c#il'ren or 'escen'ants an' ille"itimate c#il'ren) suc# sur(i(in" s$ouse s#all be entitle' to a $ortion e9ual to t#e le"itimate of eac# of t#e le"itimate c#il'ren &#ic# must be ta=en from t#at $art of t#e estate &#ic# t#e testator can freely 'is$ose of. Sur/i/i)% spouse .i#h le%i#im'#e p're)#s or 'sce)(')#s ')( ille%i#im'#e chil(re) *Ar#. 8,,+ ART. 8,,. >#en t#e &i'o& or &i'o&er sur(i(es &it# le"itimate $arents or ascen'ants an' &it# ille"itimate c#il'ren) suc# sur(i(in" s$ouse s#all be entitle' to one2 ei"#t (135) of t#e #ere'itary estate of t#e 'ecease' &#ic# must be ta=en from t#e free $ortion) an' t#e ille"itimate c#il'ren s#all be entitle' to one2fourt# (13.) of t#e estate &#ic# s#all be ta=en also be from t#e 'is$osable $ortion. *#e testator may freely 'is$ose of t#e remainin" (135) of t#e estate. N8*E+ !e"itimate $arent or ascen'ant Sur(i(in" s$ouse 4 -lle"itimate /#il'ren Free $ortion 4 Sur/i/i)% spouse 'lo)e *Ar#. ,--+ ART. ,--. -f t#e only sur(i(or is t#e &i'o& or &i'o&er) s#e or #e s#all be entitle' to one2#alf of t#e #ere'itary estate of t#e 'ecease' s$ouse) an' t#e testator may freely 'is$ose of t#e ot#er #alf. -f t#e marria"e bet&een t#e sur(i(in" s$ouse an' t#e testator &as solemni0e' in articulo mortis, an' t#e testator 'ie' &it#in t#ree (3) mont#s from t#e time of t#e marria"e) t#e le"itime of t#e sur(i(in" s$ouse as t#e sole #eir s#all be one2t#ir' (133) of t#e #ere'itary estate) exce$t &#en t#ey #a(e been li(in" as #usban' an' &ife for more t#an fi(e ( ) years. -n t#e latter case) t#e le"itime of t#e sur(i(in" s$ouse s#all be t#at s$ecifie' in t#e $rece'in" $ara"ra$#. ;eneral :ule+ one2#alf (132) Sur(i(in" s$ouse) if s#e is t#e 8N!? com$ulsory #eir left) "ets 4 135 4 135 132 13.

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

Exce$tion+

Sur(i(in" s$ouse "ets one2t#ir' (133) if+

1) t#e marria"e &as in articulo mortis, an' 2) t#e testator 'ie' &it#in t#ree (3) mont#s from t#e time of celebration of marria"e) Provided: t#at it &as t#e 'ecease' &#o &as t#e $arty in 'an"er of 'eat# at t#e time of t#e marria"e, an' if t#e cause of 'eat# is t#e same as t#e sic=ness) illness or in7ury existin" at t#e time of t#e marria"e 4 t#e $ur$ose of t#e la& bein" to a(oi' a marria"e $urely for F-NAN/-A! ;A-N. Exce$tion to t#e exce$tion+ Sur(i(in" s$ouse "ets one2#alf (132) if 'es$ite $resence of re9uirements un'er t#e exce$tion, t#e cou$le #a' been li(in" $re(iously as #usban' an' &ife (&it#out marria"e) for more t#an fi(e years. Reason+ Sus$icion of financial $rofit moti(e is more or less erase' because of t#e 2year $erio'. Ille%i#im'#e chil(re)4 .i#h )o o#her compulsory heirs *Ar#. ,-5+ ART. ,-5. >#en t#e testator 'ies lea(in" ille"itimate c#il'ren an' no ot#er com$ulsory #eirs) suc# ille"itimate c#il'ren s#all #a(e a ri"#t to one2#alf (132) of t#e #ere'itary estate of t#e 'ecease'. *#e ot#er #alf s#all be at t#e free 'is$osal of t#e testator. *#e ri"#ts of ille"itimate c#il'ren set fort# in t#e $rece'in" articles are transmitte' u$on t#eir 'eat# to t#eir 'escen'ants) &#et#er le"itimate or ille"itimate. !rt. "#2$ 're)#s o& #he ille%i#im'#e chil( .ho le'/es )ei#her le%i#im'#e (esce)(')#s4 )or ' sur/i/i)% spouse4 )or ille%i#im'#e chil(re) *Ar#. ,-1+ or Ille%i#im'#e p're)#s ART. ,-1. *#e le"itime of t#e $arents &#o #a(e an ille"itimate c#il') &#en suc# c#il' lea(es neit#er le"itimate 'escen'ants) nor a sur(i(in" s$ouse) nor ille"itimate c#il'ren) is one2#alf (132) of t#e #ere'itary estate of suc# ille"itimate c#il'. -f only le"itimate or ille"itimate c#il'ren are left) t#e $arents are not entitle' to any le"itime &#atsoe(er. N8*ES+ 6 're)#s o& #he ille%i#im'#e chil( .i#h #he sur/i/i)% spouse *Ar#. ,-1+ ART. ,-1. -f only t#e &i'o& or &i'o&er sur(i(es &it# $arents of t#e ille"itimate c#il') t#e le"itime of t#e $arents is one2fourt# (13.) of t#e #ere'itary estate of t#e c#il') an' t#at of t#e sur(i(in" s$ouse also one2fourt# (13.) of t#e estate. N8*ES+ -lle"itimate $arents Sur(i(in" s$ouse 4 4 13. 13. -lle"itimate $arents only 4 132 -lle"itimate $arents !e"itimate3-lle"itimate /#il' 4 4 0

RESER6A TRONCAL ART. 8,5. *#e ascen'ant (reservista) &#o in#erits from #is 'escen'ant ( propositus) any $ro$erty &#ic# t#e latter may #a(e ac9uire' by "ratuitous title from anot#er ascen'ant) or a brot#er or sister) is obli"e' to reser(e suc# $ro$erty as #e may #a(e

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

ac9uire' by o$eration of la& for t#e benefit of relati(es ( reservatorios%reservees) &#o are &it#in t#e t#ir' 'e"ree an' &#o belon" to t#e line from &#ic# sai' $ro$erty came. 7ri's Chu' /. C7I o& Ne%ros Occi(e)#'l G.R. No. L80,,-54 Au%. 154 5,77 FA/*S+ Aurin" #is marria"e to #is first &ife) a man #a' a son an' t&o "ran'c#il'ren. >#en t#e &ife 'ie') #e marrie' a"ain) an' &it# t#e secon' &ife) #e #a' a son. >#en t#e 'ie') a $arcel of lan' o&ne' by #im &as in#erite' by #is son an' t#e secon' &ife (#alf)#alf) t#rou"# intestate succession. After a &#ile) t#e son of t#e secon' marria"e 'ie' an' #is #alf2s#are in t#e lan' &as in#erite' by #is mot#er (#is fat#er%s secon' &ife) by o$eration of la&. *#e mot#er 'ie'. -SSBE+>#et#er or not t#e son an' t#e "ran'c#il'ren of t#e first marria"e can "et t#e lan'. <E!A+ ?es. *#ey can "et t#e #alf s#are of t#e lan' t#at &as #el' by t#e secon' &ife by &ay of reserve troncal. *#is 132 #a' been in#erite' by t#e son of t#e secon' marria"e by "ratuitous title (intestate succession)) an' transferre' to #is mot#er by o$eration of la&. *#e $resent claimants are relati(es &it#in t#e t#ir' 'e"ree. 9e'#ri: Go):'les /. Cour# o& 7irs# I)s#')ce G.R. No. L8121,34 M'y 5,4 5,85 FA/*S+ Filomena) Cr.) 'ie' intestate) an' &it#out any c#il'. <er mot#er Filomena) Sr.) $artitione' t#eir 133 s#are in t#e estate of !e"ar'a) Sr.) &it# #er @ sur(i(in" c#il'ren an' t#en "a(e t#e $ro$erties s#e in#erite' from Filomena) Cr.) to #er sixteen (1@) "ran'c#il'ren by means of a #olo"ra$#ic &ill. Denito !e"ar'a 'ie') an' sur(i(e' by t#ree "rou$s of #eirs &#o $artitione' t#e real $ro$erties amon" t#emsel(es in t#ree e9ual $ortions+ (1) one 'au"#ter, (2) anot#er 'au"#ter, (3) #eirs of a 'ecease' son (Denito !e"ar'a) Cr.) *#e #eirs &ere+ (a) t#e son%s &i'o& (Filomena), (b) se(en c#il'ren (. 'au"#ters name' Deatri0) :osario) *eresa an' Filomena) Cr.) an' 3 sons name' Denito) Cr.) Ale7an'ro) an' Cose). -SSBE+>#et#er or not t#e "i(in" in t#e #olo"ra$#ic &ill may be la&fully 'one. <E!A+ N8) because t#e $ro$erties "i(e by suc# #olo"ra$#ic &ill &ere reser(able $ro$erties because t#ey &ere in#erite' "ratuitously from an ascen'ant (Denito) Cr.)) transmitte' to a 'escen'ant (Filomena) Cr.) t#en "i(en to anot#er ascen'ant (Filomena) Sr.) by o$eration of la&. Sai' $ro$erties s#oul' not #a(e been "i(en to t#e "ran'c#il'ren (t#ir' 'e"rees reser(ees) but to t#e c#il'ren (secon' 'e"ree reser(ees). :eser(ees may be t#e common 'escen'ants of t#e reser(oir an' t#e ori"in reserva troncal contem$lates le"itimate relations#i$. -lle"itimate relations#i$ an' relations#i$ by affinity are exclu'e'. &!R '()ST*+,

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

Aoes t#e reserva mentione' in Art. 511 of t#e /i(il /o'e a$$ly in fa(our of all t#e relati(es &it#in t#e 3r' 'e"ree belon"in" to t#e line from &#ic# t#e $ro$erty came) &#et#er t#ey be le"itimate or ille"itimateF ANS>E:+ *#e reserva fa(ors only t#e le"itimate relati(es an' e(en t#en) $reference is "i(en to t#e 'irect line as a"ainst t#e collateral line) an' t#e rule of Gnearer exclu'es t#e fart#erH also a$$lies. -lorentino v. -lorentino, .# Phil. ./#, 0.R. ,o. 1./12, ,ovember 11, 1"1"$ 287lore)#i)o /. 7lore)#i)o hil. 28-4 G.R. No. 528364 No/em;er 534 5,5,

<E!A+ -f t#ere be t&o reser(ees reservatarios$) of t#e 2n' 'e"ree an' t#e ot#er of t#e 3r' 'e"ree) t#e former "ets A!! t#e reser(able $ro$erties) &it#out $re7u'ice) #o&e(er) to t#e ri"#t of re$resentation) but t#e re$resentati(e must #imself be &it#in t#e 3r' 'e"ree from t#e $ro$ositus. Follo&in" t#e or'er $rescribe' by la& in le"itimate succession) &#en t#ere are relati(es of t#e 'escen'ant &it#in t#e t#ir' 'e"ree) t#e ri"#t of t#e nearest relati(e reservatario) o(er t#e $ro$erty &#ic# t#e reservista I$erson #ol'in" it sub7ect to reser(ationJ s#oul' return I'eli(erJ to #im exclu'es t#at of t#e one more remote. *#e ri"#t of re$resentation cannot be alle"e' &#en t#e one claimin" t#e same as a reser(able $ro$erty is not amon" t#e relati(es &it#in t#e t#ir' 'e"ree belon"in" to t#e line from &#ic# suc# $ro$erty came 4 inasmuc# as t#e ri"#t "rante' by t#e /i(il /o'e in Art. 511 is in t#e #i"#est 'e"ree $ersonal an' for t#e exclusi(e benefit of 'esi"nate' $ersons &#o are t#e relati(es) &it#in t#e t#ir' 'e"ree) of t#e $erson from &#om t#e reser(able $ro$erty came. *#erefore) relati(es of t#e fourt# an' t#e succee'in" 'e"rees can ne(er be consi'ere' as reservatarios) since t#e la& 'oes not reco"ni0e t#em as suc#. -n s$ite of &#at #as been sai' relati(e to t#e ri"#t of re$resentation on t#e $art of one alle"in" #is ri"#t as reservatario &#o is not &it#in t#e t#ir' 'e"ree of relations#i$) ne(ert#eless) t#ere is a ri"#t of re$resentation on t#e $art of reservatarios &#o are &it#in t#e t#ir' 'e"ree mentione' by la&) as in t#e case of ne$#e&s of t#e 'ecease' $erson from &#om t#e reser(able $ro$erty came. *#ese reservatarios #a(e t#e ri"#t to re$resent t#eir ascen'ants Ifat#ers an' mot#ersJ &#o are t#e brot#ers of t#e sai' 'ecease' $erson an' relati(es &it#in t#e 'e"ree in accor'ance &it# Art. 511 of t#e /i(il /o'e. 7ri's Chu' /. C7I o& Ne%ros Occi(e)#'l G.R. No. L80,,-54 Au%us# 154 5,77 FA/*S+ >#en a fat#er 'ie') #is son in#erite' 132 of a $iece of lan' from #im (t#e ot#er 132 &ent to t#e sur(i(in" s$ouse) t#e mot#er of t#e c#il'). B$on t#e 'eat# of t#e son) #is 132 s#are &ent to #is mot#er by o$eration of la&. *#e $ro$erty #a' been recei(e' from t#e fat#er out of #is $ure "enerosity) an' &as t#erefore "ratuitous. ?et t#e $robate court or'ere' $ayment of interests) costs) an' ot#er fees. -SSBE+>#et#er or not sai' 132 is still consi'ere' "ratuitous for t#e $ur$ose of t#e rule concernin" 3reserva troncal45

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

<E!A+ ?ES) for it &as really a "ratuitous ob7ect recei(e' from t#e fat#er) &#o #a' not im$ose' any con'ition or bur'en on t#e lot. *#e obli"ation to $ay &as im$ose' not by t#e Gori"inH but by t#e court. *#e sai' 132 is t#erefore Greser(able.H F8B: PE8P!E -NK8!KEA -N R)S)R6) TR+,C!7+ 1) t#e ascen'ant or brot#er or sister from &#om t#e $ro$erty came (calle' 8:-;-N), 2) t#e 'escen'ant &#o ac9uire' t#e $ro$erty "ratuitously (calle' t#e P:8P8S-*BS), 3) t#e ascen'ant &#o in turn ac9uire' t#e $ro$erty from t#e 'escen'ant by o$eration of la& (sai' ascen'ant is calle' t#e :ESE:K8: or t#e :ESE:K-S*A), .) t#e relati(es &it#in t#e t#ir' 'e"ree belon"in" to t#e line from &#ic# t#e $ro$erty came (sai' relati(es are calle' :ESE:KEES or :ESE:KA*A:-8S) &!R '()ST*+, May t#e $ro$erty sub7ect to reserva be alienate'F ANS>E:+ -nasmuc# as t#e reser(oir is not a mere usufructuary) t#e ans&er is ?ES) &it#out $re7u'ice to reimbursement by #is estate concernin" $ersonal $ro$erties) an' &it#out $re7u'ice to t#e reser(ation insofar as real $ro$erties are concerne'. 03 E(roso /. S';l') hl. 0,34 G.R. No. 68784 Sep#em;er 514 5,51

*#e reser(es are entitle' to #a(e t#eir ri"#t annotate' &#en t#e $ro$erty is bein" re"istere' un'er t#e *orrens System) so t#at t#e reser(ation may be annotate' as a lien on t#e $ro$erty. Bnless t#is ri"#t is 'one) t#e reserva is extin"uis#e') after t#e one2year $erio') insofar as innocent t#ir' $arties are concerne'. E<TINGUIS!MENT O7 T!E RESER6A *#e obli"ation to reser(e ceases in t#e follo&in" instances+ 1) Aeat# of t#e reser(oir 2) Aeat# of A!! t#e &oul'2be reser(ees A<EAA of t#e reser(oir (reser(ista) 3) !8SS of t#e reser(able $ro$erties $ro(i'e' t#e reser(oir #a' no fault or ne"li"ence. (*#us) !8SS must be A//-AEN*A!.) .) Prescri$tion (as &#en t#e reser(oir or stran"er #ol's $ro$erty a'(ersely a"ainst t#e reservees) as F:EE from t#e reserva. (Reservor 4 30 years for real, 5 years for $ersonal $ro$erty) because of #is ba' fait#.) *#e $rescri$ti(e $erio' be"ins from t#e 'eat# of t#e reser(or because 'urin" t#e reser(or%s lifetime) t#e reser(ees are not yet entitle' to t#e $ro$erty. ) :e"istration un'er t#e *orrens System as free from t#e reser(ation) &it#out $re7u'ice to t#e liability of t#e reser(or to t#e reser(ees. <o&e(er) &#ile t#e $ro$erty is still un'er t#e name of t#e reser(or) an action for /8NKE?AN/E may be brou"#t a"ainst #is estate after #is 'eat#. @) :enunciation or &ai(er by A!! t#e reser(ees AF*E: t#e 'eat# of t#e reser(or. UR OSE O7 RESERVA TRONCAL

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

G*o =ee$ t#e $ro$erty in t#e family to &#ic# t#e $ro$erty belon"s.H Tioco "e 'p' /. C'm'cho G.R. No. 08-104 Sep#em;er 024 5,86 *#e state' $ur$ose of t#e reser(a is accom$lis#e' once t#e $ro$erty #as 'e(ol(e' to t#e s$ecifie' relati(es of t#e line of ori"in. Dut from t#is time on) t#ere is no furt#er occasion for its a$$lication. NO "E RI6ATION O7 OR 9UR"EN ON T!E LEGITIME ART. ,-2. *#e testator cannot 'e$ri(e #is com$ulsory #eirs of t#eir le"itime) exce$t in cases ex$ressly s$ecifie' by la&. Neit#er can #e im$ose u$on t#e same any bur'en) encumbrance) con'ition) or substitution of any =in' &#atsoe(er. RENUNCION OR COM ROMISE O7 7UTURE LEGITIME ART. ,-3. E(ery renunciation or com$romise as re"ar's a future le"itime bet&een t#e $erson o&in" it an' #is com$ulsory #eirs is (oi') an' t#e latter may claim t#e same u$on t#e 'eat# of t#e former, but t#ey must brin" to collation &#ate(er t#ey may #a(e recei(e' by (irtue of t#e renunciation or com$romise. :EAS8N+ *#e ri"#t to a future le"itime is a mere ex$ectancy) an inc#oate ri"#t re"ar'in" future in#eritance) #ence it cannot be ma'e t#e sub7ect of a contract inasmuc# as it is a"ainst $ublic $olicy !rt. 18.9: 3,o contract may be entered into upon future inheritance e:cept in cases e:pressly authori;ed by la<.5$ . *#e nullity may be claime' by any com$ulsory #eir &#o #as been $re7u'ice'. COM LETION OR SATIS7ACTION O7 T!E LEGITIME ART. ,-6. Any com$ulsory #eir to &#om t#e testator #as left by any title less t#an t#e le"itime belon"in" to #im may 'eman' t#at t#e same be fully satisfie'. '()ST*+, -f ! is entitle' to a le"itime of P1 million an' in t#e &ill) #e #a' been "i(en merely P500)000) #e may 'eman' t#at #e be "i(en t#e balance of P200)000. -n t#e exam$le abo(e) is ! entitle' to as= for t#e annulment of t#e institution of #eirs as in t#e case of $reteritionF !,S=)R: N8. -n $reterition) t#e $reterite' #eir "ets not#in" from t#e in#eritance. <ence) #e is entitle' to as= for t#e annulment of t#e institution of #eir !rt. /1.: 3The preterition or omission of one, some, or all of the compulsory heirs in the direct line, <hether living at the time of the e:ecution of the <ill or born after the death of the testator, shall annul the institution of heir> but the devises and legacies shall be valid insofar as they are not inofficious. *f the omitted compulsory heirs should die before the testator, the institution shall be effectual, <ithout pre?udice to the right of representation.$.

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

RE"UCTION O7 INO77ICIOUS TESTAMENTARY "IS OSITIONS ART. ,-7. *estamentary 'is$ositions t#at im$air or 'iminis# t#e le"itime of t#e com$ulsory #eirs s#all be re'uce' on $etition of t#e same) insofar as t#ey may be inofficious or excessi(e. :EAS8N+ *#e le"itimes of t#e force' #eirs s#oul' not be im$aire'. <ence) Art. 10E+ (a) a$$lies only to testamentary 'is$ositions) !rts. 991 and 992 deal <ith the reduction of inofficious donations (b) can be a(aile' of only by t#e com$ulsory #eirs an' t#e excess must be "i(en only to t#e com$ulsory #eirs. COM UTATION O7 T!E NET !ERE"ITARY ESTATE ART. ,-8. *o 'etermine t#e le"itime) t#e (alue of t#e $ro$erty left at t#e 'eat# of t#e testator s#all be consi'ere') 'e'uctin" all 'ebts an' c#ar"es) &#ic# s#all not inclu'e t#ose im$ose' in t#e &ill. *o t#e net (alue of t#e #ere'itary estate) s#all be a''e' t#e (alue of all 'onations by t#e testator t#at are sub7ect to collation) at t#e time #e ma'e t#em. F8:MB!A+
P:8PE:*? !EF* 4AED*S ANA /<A:;ES L KA!BE 8F /8!!A*-8NAD!E A8NA*-8NS M NE* <E:EA-*A:? ES*A*E

10

'()ST*+, ! 'ie' lea(in" an estate &ort# P1 million an' 'ebts amountin" to P300)000. Aurin" #is lifetime) ! #a' "i(en 'onation of P 00)000 to &) #is le"itimate son. >#en A 'ie') t&o le"itimate sons) & an' C) sur(i(e' #im. <o& muc# is t#e le"itime of eac# le"itimate c#il'F ANS>E:+ P1 million 4 P300)000 L P 00)000 M P1.2 million (net #ere'itary estate). *#e le"itime is t#erefore P@00)000. Dut t#ere are t&o c#il'ren) #ence eac# "ets P300)000 as #is le"itime. *#e le"itime of & is only P300)000. Dut since #e #as been "i(en P 00)000 as a 'onation inter vivos) t#is s#oul' first be c#ar"e' to t#e le"itime. Dut t#ere is an excess of P200) 000. *#is s#oul' be ta=en from t#e free $ortion &#ic# is P@00)000. *#is lea(es a net free $ortion of only P.00)000) &#ic# can be "i(en to anybo'y. <ence) out of t#e actual net assets of PE00)000 (because t#e 'ebts #a(e been 'e'ucte')) t#e brea='o&n is as follo&s+ C "ets P300)000 & "ets 0 form of 'onation Free Portion P.00)000 PE00)000 as #is le"itime since #e #as alrea'y recei(e' #is le"itime in t#e

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

6ALUE TO 9E COLLATE" *#e (alue of t#e collationable 'onations s#oul' not be t#e (alue at t#e time of t#e collection) but t#e (alue at t#e time t#e 'onations &ere ma'e because o&ners#i$ (a real ri"#t) is transferre' o(er t#e same once t#e 'onation is acce$te'. *#e increase in (alue s#oul' t#erefore be "i(en to t#e 'onee by (irtue of t#e rule in accretion. "ONATIONS TO C!IL"REN C!ARGE" AGAINST LEGITIME ART. ,-,. Aonations "i(en to c#il'ren s#all be c#ar"e' to t#eir le"itime. Aonations ma'e to stran"ers s#all be c#ar"e' to t#at $art of t#e estate of &#ic# t#e testator coul' #a(e 'is$ose' by #is last &ill. -nsofar as t#ey may be inofficious or may excee' t#e 'is$osable $ortion) t#ey s#all be re'uce' accor'in" to t#e rules establis#e' by t#e /i(il /o'e. N8*ES+ Aonations to c#il'ren s#oul' first be im$ute' to or c#ar"e' a"ainst t#eir le"itime, an' if t#e le"itime is not sufficient to co(er t#e 'onations) t#e excess s#oul' be c#ar"e' to t#e free $ortion, an' if still excessi(e) t#ey s#oul' be re'uce' so as not to im$air t#e le"itimes of t#e ot#ers. "ONATIONS TO ILLEGITIMATE C!IL"REN = ALSO C!ARGE" AGAINST T!E LEGITIME ART. ,5-. Aonations &#ic# an ille"itimate c#il' may #a(e recei(e' 'urin" t#e lifetime of #is fat#er or mot#er) s#all be c#ar"e' to #is le"itime. S#oul' t#ey excee' t#e $ortion t#at can be freely 'is$ose' of) t#ey s#all be re'uce' in t#e manner $rescribe' by t#e /i(il /o'e. OR"ER O7 RE7ERENCE IN T!E !ERE"ITARY ESTATE

11

ART. ,55. After t#e le"itime #as been 'etermine' in accor'ance &it# t#e t#ree $rece'in" articles) t#e re'uction s#all be ma'e as follo&s+ (1) Aonations s#all be res$ecte' as lon" as t#e le"itime can be co(ere') re'ucin" or annullin") if necessary) t#e 'e(ises or le"acies ma'e in t#e &ill, (2) *#e re'uction of t#e 'e(ises or le"acies s#all be pro rata &it#out 'istinction &#ate(er. -f t#e testator #as 'irecte' t#at a certain 'e(ise or le"acy be $ai' in $reference to ot#ers) it s#all not suffer any re'uction until t#e latter #a(e been a$$lie' in full to t#e $ayment of t#e le"itime. (3) -f t#e 'e(ise or le"acy consists of a usufruct or life annuity) &#ose (alue may be consi'ere' "reater t#an t#at of t#e 'is$osable $ortion) t#e com$ulsory #eirs may c#oose bet&een com$lyin" &it# t#e testamentary $ro(ision an' 'eli(erin" to t#e 'e(isee or le"atee t#e $art of t#e in#eritance of &#ic# t#e testator coul' freely 'is$ose.

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

N8*E+ After t#e net #ere'itary estate #as been ascertaine') t#e follo&in" s#oul' be t#e or'er of $ayment+ a. b. c. '. First) *#en *#en *#en "i(e t#e le"itimes. t#e 'onations inter vivos. t#e preferred le"acies an' 'e(ises. all ot#er 'e(ises an' le"acies pro rata (in case t#e estate is not sufficient).

12

:EAS8NS ><? A8NA*-8NS *,T)R 6*6+S A:E P:EFE::EA 8KE: A-SP8S-*-8NS @+RT*S C!(S! (a) First) because t#ey &ere ma'e first) s#o&in" $reference in t#e "enerosity of t#e 'ece'ent. As "as been a$tly sai') G$riority in time is $riority in ri"#t)H or Gfirst come) first ser(e'.H (b) Secon') because a 'onation is a bilateral act) t#ere s#oul' be acce$tance on t#e $art of t#e 'onee) &#ile a 'is$osition mortis causa) as by a 'e(ise or a le"acy) as in a sense) unilateral. 8f course) t#ese 'is$ositions may later on eit#er be acce$te' or re$u'iate'. (c) *#ir') because 'onations are "enerally irre(ocable. /:8SS2:EFE:EN/E *8 A:*. 1 0 Art. 1 0 of t#e /i(il /o'e rea's as follo&s+ G-f t#e estate s#oul' not be sufficient to co(er all t#e le"acies or 'e(ises) t#eir $ayment s#all be ma'e in t#e follo&in" or'er+ (1) :emuneratory le"acies or 'e(ises, (2) !e"acies or 'e(ises 'eclare' by t#e testator to be $referential, (3) !e"acies for su$$ort, (.) !e"acies for e'ucation, ( ) !e"acies or 'e(ises of a s$ecific) 'eterminate t#in" &#ic# forms a $art of t#e estate, (@) All ot#ers pro rata.H A-FFE:EN/E DE*>EEN A:*. 111 ANA 1 0 Art. 111 a$$lies only &#en asi'e from t#e (arious le"acies an' 'e(ises) t#ere are le"itimes to be $reser(e' (&#et#er im$aire' or not by t#e testamentary $ro(isions) or t#ere are 'onations inter vivos &#ic# s#oul' be res$ecte' as muc# as $ossible. Art. 1 0 a$$lies only &#en t#ere are no com$ulsory #eirs or &#en t#ere are no inofficious 'onations inter vivos. -n ot#er &or's) if t#e re'uction concerns itself &it# t#e le"acies or 'e(ises) Art. 1 0 s#oul' be a$$lie'. !O> TO RE"UCE INO77ICIOUS "E6ISES ART. ,50. -f t#e 'e(ise sub7ect to re'uction s#oul' consist of real $ro$erty) &#ic# cannot be con(eniently 'i(i'e') it s#all "o to t#e 'e(isee if t#e re'uction 'oes not absorb one0#alf of its (alue, an' in a contrary case) to t#e com$ulsory #eirs, but t#e former an' t#e latter s#all reimburse eac# ot#er in cas# for &#at res$ecti(ely belon"s to t#em. *#e 'e(isee &#o is entitle' to a le"itime may retain t#e entire $ro$erty) $ro(i'e' its (alue 'oes not excee' t#at of t#e 'is$osable $ortion an' of t#e s#are $ertainin" to #im as le"itime.

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

13

SALE AT

U9LIC AUCTION

ART. ,51. -f t#e #eirs or 'e(isees 'o not c#oose to a(ail t#emsel(es of t#e ri"#t "rante' by t#e $rece'in" article) any #eir or 'e(isee &#o 'i' not #a(e suc# ri"#t may exercise it, s#oul' t#e latter not ma=e use of it) t#e $ro$erty s#all be sol' at $ublic auction at t#e instance of any one of t#e intereste' $arties. 7REE fit. N8*ES+ *#e free $ortion (really t#e Gfree 'is$osalH) may be t#e ob7ect of a c#ar"e) a substitution) or a con'ition. *#e so2calle' Gfree $ortionH is not exactly free for if t#e sur(i(in" s$ouse an'3or ille"itimate c#il'ren are $resent) t#e Gfree $ortionH is bur'ene' by t#eir le"itimes. -f anyt#in" is still left) t#is &oul' Gfree)H an' t#e more $ro$er term for t#is &oul' be t#e Gfree 'is$osal.H STE S TO "ETERMINE LEGITIMES4 INO77ICIOUS "ONATIONS AN" E<CESSI6E LEGACIES AN" "E6ISES 1. From t#e (alue of $ro$erty left) subtract 'ebts an' c#ar"es (exclu'in" le"acies an' 'e(ises). 2. A'' to No. (1) t#e (alue of all t#e collationable 'onations inter vivos. 3. From t#e net #ere'itary estate) 'etermine t#e actual le"itimes of t#e com$ulsory #eirs sur(i(in". .. /#ar"e or im$ute 'onations a. A 'onation to a com$ulsory #eir is c#ar"e' or im$ute' to #is le"itime, any excess is im$ute' to t#e free 'is$osal. b. A 'onation to a stran"er is c#ar"e' or im$ute' to t#e free 'is$osal, if excessi(e 4 re'uce. Note+ -f a com$ulsory #eir is exem$te' from collation 4 a$$ly IbJ 'onation to stran"er. . A'' 'onations (&#ic# are im$ute' to t#e free 'is$osal) to le"acies an' 'e(ices. N8*ES+ -f total excee's free 'is$osal) t#en re'uce) but 'onations are $referre' to le"acies an' 'e(ises. Since in t#is case t#e free 'is$osal is excee'e') an' t#e le"itime #as been im$aire') a$$ly Art. 111 (not Art. 1 0) in re'ucin" t#e le"acies an' 'e(ises. Section @ "ISIN!ERITANCE ART. ,53. A compulsory heir m'y4 i) co)se?ue)ce o& (isi)heri#')ce4 ;e 'e$ri(e' o& his le%i#ime4 &or c'uses e@pressly s#'#e( ;y l'.. "ISIN!ERITANCE 2 is t#e $rocess or act) t#rou"# a testamentary 'is$ositions of 'e$ri(in" in a &ill any com$ulsory #eir of #is le"itime for true an' la&ful causes. ORTION OR 7REE "IS OSAL

ART. ,52. *#e testator may 'e(ise an' be9ueat# t#e free $ortion as #e may 'eem

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

ART. ,56. Aisin#eritance can be effecte' 8N!? t#rou"# a (ali' &ill &#erein t#e le"al cause t#erefor s#all be s$ecifie'. REAUISITES 7OR A 6ALI" "ISIN!ERITANCE (1) Must be ma'e in a &ill. (2) Must be ma'e ex$ressly. (3) Must be for a !E;A! /ABSE. (.) Must be *8*A! or /8MP!E*E. ( ) *#e cause must be state' in t#e &ill itself. (@) *#e #eir 'isin#erite' must be clearly i'entifie') so t#at t#ere &ill be no 'oubt as to &#o is really bein" 'isin#erite'. (E) *#e &ill must not #a(e been re(o=e') at least insofar as t#e 'isin#eritance is concerne'. 9UR"EN O7 RO6ING T!E TRUT! O7 T!E CAUSE 7OR "ISIN!ERITANCE

1.

ART. ,57. *#e bur'en of $ro(in" t#e trut# of t#e cause for 'isin#eritance s#all rest u$on t#e ot#er #eirs of t#e testator) if t#e 'isin#erite' #eir s#oul' 'eny it. INE77ECTI6E "ISIN!ERITANCE ART. ,58. Aisin#eritance &it#out a s$ecification of t#e cause) or for a cause t#e trut# of &#ic#) if contra'icte') is not $ro(e') or &#ic# is not one of t#ose set fort# in t#e /i(il /o'e) s#all annul t#e institution of #eirs insofar as it may $re7u'ice t#e $erson 'isin#erite', but t#e 'e(ises an' le"acies an' ot#er testamentary 'is$ositions s#all be (ali' to suc# extent as &ill not im$air t#e le"itime. F8B: /ASES ><EN *<E A-S-N<E:-*AN/E -S /8NS-AE:EA -NEFFE/*-KE+ a. &it#out "i(in" t#e cause (N8 /ABSE S*A*EA) b. a cause 'enie' by t#e #eir concerne' an' not $ro(e' by t#e institute' #eir (N8* *:BE /ABSE) c. a cause not "i(en in t#e la& (N8* !E;A! /ABSE) '. &#ere t#ere is a subse9uent reconciliation !rt. "22: 3! subseAuent reconciliation bet<een the offender and the offended person deprives the latter of the right to disinherit and renders ineffectual any disinheritance that may have been made.5$ E77ECTS O7 INE77ECTI6E "ISIN!ERITANCE 1. *#e institution of #eirs is annulle' but only insofar as it may $re7u'ice t#e $erson 'isin#erite') t#at is insofar as t#e le"itime of sai' #eir is im$aire'. 2. *#e 'e(ises) le"acies) an' ot#er testamentary 'is$ositions s#all be (ali' to suc# extent as &ill not im$air t#e le"itime. "ISTINCTIONS 9ET>EEN RETERITION AN" 6ALI" "ISIN!ERITANCE 6ALI" "ISIN!ERITANCE 1. 'isin#eritance is al&ays intentional 2. cause must al&ays be state' in t#e &ill, must be true an' le"al

RETERITION 1. t#e omission may be eit#er intentional or unintentional 2. may be &it# cause or &it#out cause

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

3. $reterition annuls t#e institution) t#erefore) t#e omitte' #eir in#erits .. may exist &it# or &it#out a &ill (as &#en e(eryt#in" #as been "i(en to only one of t#e com$ulsory #eirs by &ay of 'onation inter vivos). . t#e institution is al&ays K8-A 4 exce$t &#en t#e $reterite' #eir $re'eceases t#e testator "ISTINCTION 9ET>EEN "ISIN!ERITANCE RETERITION

3.

t#e 'isin#erite' #eir in#erits not#in" (eit#er by &ay of le"itime) or by &ay of free $ortion) .. a &ill is al&ays re9uire'

may be KA!-A 4 &#en all t#e re9uirements of t#e la& are follo&e' IM ER7ECT OR INE77ECTI6E

AN"

-n $reterition) t#e institution of #eirs is com$letely annulle'. -n im$erfect or ineffecti(e 'isin#eritance) t#e institution remains (ali') but must be re'uce' insofar as t#e le"itime #as been im$aire'. SIMILARITIES 9ET>EEN "ISIN!ERITANCE RETERITION AN" IM ER7ECT OR INE77ECTI6E

1. -n bot# cases) t#e omitte' #eir an' t#e im$erfectly 'isin#erite' #eir "et at least t#eir le"itime. 2. -n bot# cases) t#e le"acies an' 'e(ises remain (ali' insofar as t#e le"itime #as not been im$aire'. 3. Dot# refer to com$ulsory #eirs. CAUSES 7OR T!E "ISIN!ERITANCE O7 C!IL"REN AN" "ESCEN"ANTS ART. ,5,. *#e follo&in" s#all be sufficient causes for t#e 'isin#eritance of c#il'ren an' 'escen'ants) le"itimate as &ell as ille"itimate+ (1) >#en a c#il' or 'escen'ant #as been foun' "uilty of an attem$t a"ainst t#e life of t#e testator) #is or #er s$ouse) 'escen'ants or ascen'ants, (2) >#en a c#il' or 'escen'ant #as accuse' t#e testator of a crime for &#ic# t#e la& $rescribes im$risonment for six years or more) if t#e accusation #as been foun' "roun'less, (3) >#en a c#il' or 'escen'ant #as been con(icte' of a'ultery or concubina"e &it# t#e s$ouse of t#e testator, (.) >#en a c#il' or 'escen'ant by frau') (iolence) intimi'ation) or un'ue influence causes t#e testator to ma=e a &ill or to c#an"e one alrea'y ma'e, ( ) A refusal &it#out 7ustifiable cause to su$$ort t#e $arent or ascen'ant &#o 'isin#erits suc# c#il' or 'escen'ant, (@) Maltreatment of t#e testator by &or' or 'ee') by t#e c#il' or 'escen'ant, (E) >#en a c#il' or 'escen'ant lea's a 'is#onourable or 'is"raceful life, (5) /on(iction of a crime &#ic# carries &it# it t#e $enalty of ci(il inter'iction. CAUSES 7OR T!E "ISIN!ERITANCE O7 ARENTS OR ASCEN"ANTS

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

ART. ,0-. *#e follo&in" s#all be sufficient causes for t#e 'isin#eritance of $arents or ascen'ants) &#et#er le"itimate or ille"itimate+ 1) >#en t#e $arents #a(e aban'one' t#eir c#il'ren or in'uce' t#eir 'au"#ters to li(e a corru$t or immoral life) or attem$te' a"ainst t#eir (irtue, 2) >#en t#e $arent or ascen'ant #as been con(icte' of an attem$t a"ainst t#e life of t#e testator) #is or #er s$ouse) 'escen'ants) or ascen'ants, 3) >#en t#e $arent or ascen'ant #as accuse' t#e testator of a crime for &#ic# t#e la& $rescribes im$risonment for six years or more) if t#e accusation #as been foun' to be false, .) >#en t#e $arent or ascen'ant by frau') (iolence) intimi'ation) or un'ue influence causes t#e testator to ma=e a &ill or to c#an"e one alrea'y ma'e, ) *#e loss $arental aut#ority for causes s$ecifie' in t#e /i(il /o'e, @) *#e refusal to su$$ort t#e c#il'ren or 'escen'ants &it#out 7ustifiable cause, E) An attem$t by one of t#e $arents a"ainst t#e life of t#e ot#er) unless t#ere #as been a reconciliation bet&een t#em. CAUSES 7OR "ISIN!ERTING A S OUSE ART. ,05. *#e follo&in" s#all be sufficient causes for 'isin#eritin" a s$ouse+ (1) >#en t#e s$ouse #as been con(icte' of an attem$t a"ainst t#e life of t#e testator) #is or #er 'escen'ants) or ascen'ants, (2) >#en t#e s$ouse #as accuse' t#e testator of a crime for &#ic# t#e la& $rescribes im$risonment for six years or more) an' t#e accusation #as been foun' to be false, (3) >#en t#e s$ouse by frau') (iolence) intimi'ation) or un'ue influence causes t#e testator to ma=e a &ill or to c#an"e one alrea'y ma'e, (.) >#en t#e s$ouse #as "i(en cause for le"al se$aration, ( ) >#en t#e s$ouse #as "i(en "roun's for t#e loss of $arental aut#ority, (@) Bn7ustifiable refusal to su$$ort t#e c#il'ren or t#e ot#er s$ouse. RECONCILIATION ART. ,00. A subse9uent reconciliation bet&een t#e offen'er an' t#e offen'e' $erson 'e$ri(es t#e latter of t#e ri"#t to 'isin#erit) an' ren'ers ineffectual any 'isin#eritance t#at may #a(e been ma'e. RECONCILIATION 4 is t#e mutual restoration of feelin"s to t#e status Auo. -t is in'ee' t#e resum$tion of frien'ly relations. A-S-N<E:-*AN/E -S :EK8NEA D?+ (a) subse9uent reconciliation, (b) t#e ma=in" of a ne& &ill ma=in" t#e 'isin#erite' #eir an institute' #eir. RE RESENTATION O7 T!E "ISIN!ERITE" !EIR ART. ,01. *#e c#il'ren an' 'escen'ants of t#e $erson 'isin#erite' s#all ta=e #is or #er $lace an' s#all $reser(e t#e ri"#ts of com$ulsory #eirs &it# res$ect to t#e le"itime, but t#e 'isin#erite' $arent s#all not #a(e t#e usufruct or a'ministration of t#e $ro$erty &#ic# constitutes t#e le"itime.

1@

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

:-;<* 8F :EP:ESEN*A*-8N+ *#e c#il'ren an' 'escen'ants are allo&e' to in#erit by re$resentation) t#e le"itime of t#e 'isin#erite' #eir because t#e fault of t#e #eir is not t#e fault of t#e re$resentati(e 4 an' it &oul' be un7ust to $unis# t#em SE/*-8N E LEGACIES AN" "E6ISES ART. ,02. All t#in"s an' ri"#ts &#ic# are &it#in t#e commerce of man may be be9ueat#e' or 'e(ise'. LEGACY 4 it is a "ift of $ersonal $ro$erty "i(en in a &ill "E6ISE 4 it is a "ift of real $ro$erty "i(en in a &ill "UTY O7 GI6ING T!E LEGACIES AN" "E6ISES ART. ,03. A testator may c#ar"e &it# le"acies an' 'e(ises not only #is com$ulsory #eirs but also t#e le"atees an' 'e(isees. *#e latter s#all be liable for t#e c#ar"e only to t#e extent of t#e (alue of t#e le"acy or t#e 'e(ise recei(e' by t#em. *#e com$ulsory #eirs s#all not be liable for t#e c#ar"e beyon' t#e amount of t#e free $ortion "i(en t#em. >!EN !EIRS ARE C!ARGE" ART. ,06. >#en t#e testator c#ar"es one of t#e #eirs &it# a le"acy or 'e(ise) #e alone s#all be boun'. S#oul' #e not c#ar"e anyone in $articular) all s#all be liable in t#e same $ro$ortion in &#ic# t#ey may in#erit. SOLI"ARY LIA9ILITY O7 !EIRS >!O TABE OSSESSION

1E

ART. ,07. -f t&o or more #eirs ta=e $ossession of t#e estate) t#ey s#all be soli'arily liable for t#e loss or 'estruction f a t#in" 'e(ise' or be9ueat#e') e(en t#ou"# only one of t#em s#oul' #a(e been ne"li"ent. LIA9ILITY 7OR E6ICTION ART. ,08. *#e #eir &#o is boun' to 'eli(er t#e le"acy or 'e(ise s#all be liable in case of e(iction) if t#e t#in" is in'eterminate an' is in'icate' only by its =in'. T!E GRANT O7 A ART INTEREST

ART. ,0,. -f t#e testator) #eir or le"atee o&ns only a $art of) or an interest in t#e t#in" be9ueat#e') t#e le"acy or 'e(ise s#all be un'erstoo' limite' to suc# $art or interest) unless t#e testator ex$ressly 'eclares t#at #e "i(es t#e t#in" in its entirety. E77ECT O7 ERROR IN O>NERS!I

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

ART. ,1-. *#e le"acy or 'e(ise of a t#in" belon"in" to anot#er $erson is (oi') if t#e testator erroneously belie(e' t#at t#e t#in" $ertaine' to #im. Dut if t#e t#in" be9ueat#e') t#ou"# not belon"in" to t#e testator &#en #e ma'e t#e &ill) after&ar's becomes #is) by &#ate(er title) t#e 'is$osition s#all ta=e effect. >!EN TESTATOR OR"ERES T!E ACAUISITION ART. ,15. -f t#e testator or'ers t#at a t#in" belon"in" to anot#er be ac9uire' in or'er t#at it be "i(en to a le"atee or 'e(isee) t#e #eir u$on &#om t#e obli"ation is im$ose' or t#e estate must ac9uire it an' "i(e t#e same to t#e le"atee or 'e(isee, but if t#e o&ner of t#e t#in" refuses to alienate t#e same) or 'eman's an excessi(e $rice t#erefor) t#e #eir or t#e estate s#all only be obli"e' to "i(e t#e 7ust (alue of t#e t#in". >!EN T!ING ALREA"Y 9ELONGS TO RECI IENT ART. ,10. *#e le"acy or 'e(ise of a t#in" &#ic# at t#e time of t#e execution of t#e &ill alrea'y belon"e' to t#e le"atee or 'e(isee s#all be ineffecti(e) e(en t#ou"# anot#er $erson may #a(e some interest t#erein. -f t#e testator ex$ressly or'ers t#at t#e t#in" be free' from suc# interest or encumbrance) t#e le"acy or 'e(ise s#all be (ali' to t#at extent. E77ECT O7 ALIENATION 9Y LEGATEE OR "E6ISE ART. ,11. -f t#e t#in" be9ueat#e' belon"e' to t#e le"atee or 'e(isee at t#e time of t#e execution of t#e &ill) t#e le"acy or 'e(ise s#all be &it#out effect) e(en t#ou"# it may #a(e been subse9uently alienate' by #im. -f t#e le"atee or 'e(isee ac9uires it "ratuitously after suc# time) #e can claim not#in" by (irtue of t#e le"acy or 'e(ise, but if it #as been ac9uire' by onerous title #e can 'eman' reimbursement from t#e #eir or t#e estate. RULE I7 T!ING IS LE"GE" OR MORTGAGE"

15

ART. ,12. -f t#e testator s#oul' be9ueat# or 'e(ise somet#in" $le'"e' or mort"a"e' to secure a reco(erable 'ebt before t#e execution of t#e &ill) t#e estate is obli"e' to $ay t#e 'ebt) unless t#e contrary intention a$$ears. *#e same rule a$$lies &#en t#e t#in" is $le'"e' or mort"a"e' after t#e execution of t#e &ill. Any ot#er c#ar"e) $er$etual or tem$orary) &it# &#ic# t#e t#in" be9ueat#e' is bur'ene') $asses &it# it to t#e le"atee or 'e(isee. LEGACY O7 CRE"IT OR REMISSION ART. ,13. *#e le"acy of a cre'it a"ainst a t#ir' $erson or of t#e remission or release of a 'ebt of t#e le"atee s#all be effecti(e only as re"ar's t#at $art of t#e cre'it or 'ebt existin" at t#e time of t#e 'eat# of testator. -n t#e first case) t#e estate s#all com$ly &it# t#e le"acy by assi"nin" to t#e le"atee all ri"#ts of action it may #a(e a"ainst t#e 'ebtor. -n t#e secon' case) by "i(in" t#e le"atee an ac9uittance) s#oul' #e re9uest one.

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

-n bot# cases) t#e le"acy s#all com$rise all interests on t#e cre'it or 'ebt &#ic# may be 'ue t#e testator at t#e time of #is 'eat#. E77ECT O7 ACTION AGAINST "E9TOR8LEGATEE ART. ,16. *#e le"acy referre' to in t#e $rece'in" article s#all la$se if t#e testator) after #a(in" ma'e it) s#oul' brin" an action a"ainst t#e 'ebtor for t#e $ayment of #is 'ebt) e(en if suc# $ayment s#oul' not #a(e been effecte' at t#e time of #is 'eat#. *#e le"acy to t#e 'ebtor of t#e t#in" $le'"e' by #im is un'erstoo' to 'isc#ar"e only t#e ri"#t of $le'"e. GENERIC LEGACY O7 RELEASE OR REMISSION ART. ,17. A "eneric le"acy of release or remission of 'ebts com$rises t#ose existin" at t#e time of t#e execution of t#e &ill) but not subse9uent ones. NON8A LICATION O7 LEGACY TO CRE"IT

11

ART. ,18. A le"acy or 'e(ise ma'e to a cre'itor s#all not be a$$lie' to #is cre'it) unless t#e testator so ex$ressly 'eclares. -n t#e latter case) t#e cre'itor s#all #a(e t#e ri"#t to collect t#e excess) if any) of t#e cre'it or of t#e le"acy or 'e(ise. A LICATION O7 RULE ON SOLUTIO INDEBITI

ART. ,1,. -f t#e testator or'ers t#e $ayment of &#at #e belie(es #e o&es but 'oes not in fact o&e) t#e 'is$osition s#all be consi'ere' as not &ritten. -f as re"ar's a s$ecifie' 'ebt more t#an t#e amount t#ereof is or'ere' $ai') t#e excess is not 'ue) unless a contrary intention a$$ears. *#e fore"oin" $ro(isions are &it#out $re7u'ice to t#e fulfilment of natural obli"ations. C!OICE IN ALTERNATI6E LEGACIES OR "E6ISES ART. ,2-. -n alternati(e le"acies or 'e(ises) t#e c#oice is $resume' to be left to t#e #eir u$on &#om t#e obli"ation to "i(e t#e le"acy or 'e(ise may be im$ose') or t#e executor or a'ministrator of t#e estate if no $articular #eir is so obli"e'. -f t#e #eir) le"atee or 'e(isee) &#o may #a(e been "i(en t#e c#oice) 'ies before ma=in" it) t#is ri"#t s#all $ass to t#e res$ecti(e #eirs. 8nce ma'e) t#e c#oice is irre(ocable. -n alternati(e le"acies or 'e(ises) exce$t as #erein $ro(i'e') t#e $ro(isions of t#e /i(il /o'e re"ulatin" obli"ations of t#e same =in' s#all be obser(e') sa(e suc# mo'ifications as may a$$ear from t#e intention ex$resse' by t#e testator. LEGACY OR "E6ISE O7 GENERIC RO ERTY

ART. ,25. A le"acy of "eneric $ersonal $ro$erty s#all be (ali' e(en if t#ere be no t#in"s of t#e same =in' in t#e estate.

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

A 'e(ise of in'eterminate real $ro$erty s#all be (ali' only if t#ere be immo(able $ro$erty of its =in' in t#e estate. *#e ri"#t of c#oice s#all belon" to t#e executor or a'ministrator &#o s#all com$ly &it# t#e le"acy by t#e 'eli(ery of a t#in" &#ic# is neit#er of inferior nor of su$erior 9uality. >!EN RIG!T O7 C!OICE IS GI6EN TO OT!ERS ART. ,20. >#ene(er t#e testator ex$ressly lea(es t#e ri"#t of c#oice to t#e #eir) or to t#e le"atee or 'e(isee) t#e former may "i(e or t#e latter may c#oose &#ic#e(er #e may $refer. >!EN C!OICE IS ASSE" TO RECI IENTCS !EIRS

20

ART. ,21. -f t#e #eir) le"atee or 'e(isee cannot ma=e t#e c#oice) in case it #as been "rante') #is ri"#t s#all $ass to #is #eirs, but a c#oice once ma'e s#all be irre(ocable. LEGACY 7OR E"UCATION AN" SU ORT

ART. ,22. A le"acy for e'ucation lasts until t#e le"atee is of a"e) or beyon' t#e a"e of ma7ority in or'er t#at t#e le"atee may finis# some $rofessional) (ocational or "eneral course) $ro(i'e' #e $ursues #is course 'ili"ently. A le"acy for su$$ort lasts 'urin" t#e lifetime of t#e le"atee) if t#e testator #as not ot#er&ise $ro(i'e'. -f t#e testator #as not fixe' t#e amount of suc# le"acies) it s#all be fixe' in accor'ance &it# t#e social stan'in" an' t#e circumstances of t#e le"atee an' t#e (alue of t#e estate. -f t#e testator 'urin" #is lifetime use' to "i(e t#e le"atee a certain sum of money or ot#er t#in"s by &ay of su$$ort) t#e same amount s#all be 'eeme' be9ueat#e') unless it be mar=e'ly 'is$ro$ortionate to t#e (alue of t#e estate. T!E GI6ING O7 ENSIONS

ART. ,23. -f a $erio'ical $ension) or a certain annual mont#ly) or &ee=ly amount is be9ueat#e') t#e le"atee may $etition t#e court for t#e first instalment u$on t#e 'eat# of t#e testator) an' for t#e follo&in" ones &#ic# s#all be 'ue at t#e be"innin" of eac# $erio', suc# $ayment s#all not be returne') e(en t#ou"# t#e le"atee s#oul' 'ie before t#e ex$iration of t#e $erio' &#ic# #as commence'. GI7T IN6OL6ING A USU7RUCT ART. ,26. -f t#e t#in" be9ueat#e' s#oul' be sub7ect to a usufruct) t#e le"atee or 'e(isee s#all res$ect suc# ri"#t until it is le"ally extin"uis#e'.
Art. @03. Bsufruct is extin"uis#e'+ a. Dy t#e 'eat# of usufructuary) unless a contrary intention clearly a$$ears, b. Dy t#e ex$iration of t#e $erio' for &#ic# it &as constitute' or by t#e fulfilment of any resolutory con'ition $ro(i'e' in t#e title creatin" t#e usufruct, c. Dy mer"er of t#e usufruct an' o&ners#i$ in t#e same $erson, '. Dy renunciation of t#e usufruct,

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta e. Dy t#e termination of t#e ri"#t of t#e $erson constitutin" t#e usufruct, f. Dy $rescri$tion.

21

>!EN RIG!T IS TRANSMITTE" ART. ,27. *#e le"atee or 'e(isee ac9uires a ri"#t to t#e $ure an' sim$le le"acies or 'e(ises from t#e 'eat# of t#e testator) an' transmits it to #is #eirs. >!EN O>NERS!I O7 LEGACY OR "E6ISE IS ACAUIRE"

ART. ,28. -f t#e le"acy or 'e(ise is of a s$ecific an' 'eterminate t#in" $ertainin" to t#e testator) t#e le"atee or 'e(isee ac9uires t#e o&ners#i$ t#ereof u$on t#e 'eat# of t#e testator) as &ell as any "ro&in" fruits) or unborn offs$rin" of animals) or uncollecte' income, but not t#e income &#ic# &as 'ue an' un$ai' before t#e latter%s 'eat#. From t#e moment of t#e testator%s 'eat#) t#e t#in" be9ueat#e' s#all be at t#e ris= of t#e le"atee or 'e(isee) &#o s#all) t#erefore) bear its loss or 'eterioration) an' s#all be benefite' by its increase or im$ro(ement) &it#out $re7u'ice to t#e res$onsibility of t#e executor or a'ministrator. GENERIC GI7TS ART. ,2,. -f t#e be9uest s#oul' not be of a s$ecific an' 'eterminate t#in") but is "eneric or of 9uantity) its fruits an' interests from t#e time of t#e 'eat# of t#e testator s#all $ertain to t#e le"atee or 'e(isee if t#e testator #as ex$ressly so or'ere'. OR"ER O7 RE7ERENCE 7OR LEGACIES AN" "E6ISES

ART. ,3-. -f t#e estate s#oul' not be sufficient to co(er all t#e le"acies or 'e(ises) t#eir $ayment s#all be ma'e in t#e follo&in" or'er+ (1) :emuneratory le"acies an' 'e(ises, (2) !e"acies or 'e(ises 'eclare' by t#e testator to be $referential, (3) !e"acies for su$$ort, (.) !e"acies for e'ucation, ( ) !e"acies or 'e(ises of a s$ecific) 'eterminate t#in" &#ic# forms a $art of t#e estate, (@) All ot#ers) pro rata. ACCESSIONS AN" ACCESSORIES ART. ,35. *#e t#in" be9ueat#e' s#all be 'eli(ere' &it# all its accessions an' accessories an' in t#e con'ition in &#ic# it may be u$on t#e 'eat# of t#e testator. ACCESSIONS 4 may be natural) li=e allu(ium) or in'ustrial) li=e a'7unctions ACCESSORIES 4 are t#ose 'e$en'ent on a $rinci$al) li=e t#e 7ac= for an automobile) or t#e mac#ines in a factory. "ELI6ERY O7 T!E GI7T ART. ,30. *#e #eir) c#ar"e' &it# a le"acy or 'e(ise) or t#e executor or a'ministrator of t#e estate) must 'eli(er t#e (ery t#in" be9ueat#e' if #e is able to 'o so an' cannot 'isc#ar"e t#is obli"ation by $ayin" its (alue.

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

!e"acies of money must be $ai' in cas#) e(en t#ou"# t#e #eir or t#e estate may not #a(e any. *#e ex$enses necessary for t#e 'eli(ery of t#e t#in" be9ueat#e' s#all be for t#e account of t#e #eir or t#e estate) but &it#out $re7u'ice to t#e le"itime. NECESSITY O7 MABING REAUEST 7OR "ELI6ERY ART. ,31. *#e le"atee or 'e(isee cannot ta=e $ossession of t#e t#in" be9ueat#e' u$on #is o&n aut#ority) but s#all re9uests its 'eli(ery an' $ossession of t#e #eir c#ar"e' &it# t#e le"acy or 'e(ise) or of t#e executor or a'ministrator of t#e estate s#oul' #e be aut#ori0e' by t#e court to 'eli(er it. ARTLY ONEROUS AN" ARTLY GRATUITOUS GI7TS

22

ART. ,32. *#e le"atee or 'e(isee cannot acce$t a $art of t#e le"acy or 'e(ise an' re$u'iate t#e ot#er) if t#e latter be onerous. S#oul' #e 'ie before #a(in" acce$te' t#e le"acy or 'e(ise) lea(in" se(eral #eirs) some of t#e latter may acce$t an' t#e ot#ers may re$u'iate t#e s#are res$ecti(ely belon"in" to t#em in t#e le"acy or 'e(ise. ONEROUS AN" GRATUITOUS GI7TS ART. ,33. *#e le"atee or 'e(isee of t&o le"acies or 'e(ises) one of &#ic# is onerous) cannot renounce t#e onerous one an' acce$t t#e ot#er. -f bot# are onerous or "ratuitous) #e s#all be free to acce$t or renounce bot#) or to renounce eit#er. Dut if t#e testator inten'e' t#at t#e t&o le"acies or 'e(ises s#oul' be inse$arable from eac# ot#er) t#e le"atee or 'e(isee must eit#er acce$t or renounce bot#. Any com$ulsory #eir &#o is at t#e same time a le"atee or 'e(isee may &ai(e t#e in#eritance an' acce$t t#e le"acy or 'e(ise or renounce t#e latter an' acce$t t#e former) or &ai(e or acce$t bot#. E77ECT O7 INCA ACITY OR RE U"IATION ART. ,36. -f t#e le"atee or 'e(isee cannot or is un&illin" to acce$t t#e le"acy or 'e(ise) or if t#e le"acy or 'e(ise for any reason s#oul' become ineffecti(e) it s#all be mer"e' into t#e mass of t#e estate) exce$t in cases of substitution an' of t#e ri"#t accretion. ACCRETION 4 is a ri"#t by (irtue of &#ic#) &#en t&o or more $ersons are calle' to t#e same in#eritance) 'e(ise or le"acy) t#e $art assi"ne' to t#e one &#o renounces or cannot recei(e #is s#are) or &#o 'ie' before t#e testator) is a''e' or incor$orate' to t#at of #is co2 #eirs) co2'e(isees or co2le"atees. !rt. 1#11$ REAUISITES 7OR ACCRETION IN TESTAMENTARY SUCCESSION$ a) t#at t&o or more $ersons be calle' to t#e same in#eritance) or t#e same $ortion t#ereof) proBindiviso, an' b) t#at one of t#e $ersons t#us calle' 'ie before t#e testator) or renounce t#e in#eritance or be inca$acitate' to recei(e it. !rt. 1#12$ RULE$ I8S8R8A8I

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

1. 2. 3. .. .

A$$ly -NS*-*B*-8N if $ro$er, -f not) a$$ly SBDS*-*B*-8N if $ro$er, -f not) a$$ly :EP:ESEN*A*-8N if $ro$er, -f not) a$$ly A//:E*-8N if $ro$er, -f not) a$$ly -N*ES*A/?. >!EN LEGACY OR "E6ISE IS >IT!OUT E77ECT ART. ,37. *#e le"acy or 'e(ise s#all be &it#out effect+ (1) -f t#e testator transforms t#e t#in" be9ueat#e' in suc# a manner t#at it 'oes not retain eit#er t#e form or t#e 'enomination it #a' (G*:ANSF8:MSH), (2) -f t#e testator by any title or for any cause alienates t#e t#in" be9ueat#e' or any $art t#ereof) it bein" un'erstoo' t#at in t#e latter case t#e le"acy or 'e(ise s#all be &it#out effect only &it# res$ect to t#e $art t#us alienate'. -f after t#e alienation t#e t#in" s#oul' a"ain belon" to t#e testator) e(en if it be by reason of nullity of t#e contract) t#e le"acy or 'e(ise s#all not t#ereafter be (ali') unless t#e reac9uisition s#all #a(e been effecte' by (irtue of t#e exercise of t#e ri"#t of re$urc#ase (GA!-ENA*ESH), (3) -f t#e t#in" be9ueat#e' is totally lost 'urin" t#e lifetime of t#e testator) or after #is 'eat# &it#out t#e #eir%s fault (G!8S*H). Ne(ert#eless) t#e $erson obli"e' to $ay t#e le"acy or 'e(ise s#all be liable for e(iction if t#e t#in" be9ueat#e' s#oul' not #a(e been 'eterminate as to its =in') in accor'ance &it# t#e $ro(isions of Art. 125. E77ECT O7 MISTABE IN NAME O7 T!ING

23

ART. ,38. A mista=e as to t#e name of t#e t#in" be9ueat#e' or 'e(ise' is of no conse9uence) if it is $ossible to i'entify t#e t#in" &#ic# t#e testator inten'e' to be9ueat# or 'e(ise. "IS OSITION IN GENERAL TERMS ART. ,3,. A 'is$osition ma'e in "eneral terms in fa(or of t#e testator%s relati(es s#all be un'erstoo' to be in fa(or of t#ose nearest in 'e"ree. LEGAL OR INTESTATE SUCCESSION SE/*-8N 1 GENERAL RO6ISIONS LEGAL SUCCESSION ART. ,6-. !e"al or intestate succession ta=es $lace+ (1) -f a $erson 'ies &it#out a &ill) or &it# a (oi' &ill) or one &#ic# #as subse9uently lost its (ali'ity, (2) >#en t#e &ill 'oes not institute an #eir to) or 'is$ose of all t#e $ro$erty belon"in" to t#e testator. -n suc# case) le"al succession s#all ta=e $lace only &it# res$ect to t#e $ro$erty of &#ic# t#e testator #as not 'is$ose', (3) -f t#e sus$ensi(e con'ition attac#e' to t#e institution of #eir 'oes not #a$$en or is not fulfille') or if t#e #eir 'ies before t#e testator) or re$u'iates t#e in#eritance) t#ere bein" no substitution) an' no ri"#t of accretion ta=es $lace,

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

(.) >#en t#e #eir institute' is inca$able of succee'in") exce$t in cases $ro(i'e' in t#e /i(il /o'e. LEGAL SUCCESSION 4 is t#at =in' of succession $rescribe' by t#e la& an' $resume' by it to be t#e 'esire of t#e 'ecease') &#ic# ta=es $lace &#en t#e ex$resse' &ill of t#e 'ece'ent #as not been set 'o&n in a &ill. >!EN LEGAL OR INTESTATE SUCCESSION TABES -irst Paragraph: 1) G&it#out a &illH 4 no &ill ma'e 2) G(oi' &illH 4 lac=s essential re9uisites, 'enie' $robate 3) Gsubse9uently lost its (ali'ityH 4 re(o=e' or ineffecti(e Second Paragraph: .) &#ere t#ere is no #eir) no le"atee) no 'e(isee) or &#en t#ere is partial 'is$osition (intestacy controls t#e remain'er) Third Paragraph: ) if t#e sus$ensi(e con'ition 'oes not #a$$en @) in case of $re'ecease E) in case of re$u'iation Dut t#ere &ill be no intestacy in t#e abo(e cases if t#ere is+ a. substitution, or b. accretion -ourth Paragraph: 5) &#en t#e #eir institute' is inca$able of succee'in") exce$t in cases $ro(i'e' in t#e /i(il /o'e. +thers: 1) u$on t#e ex$iration of t#e resolutory term, 10) u$on t#e fulfilment of t#e resolutory con'ition OBE:?+ Aoes $rocee'in"F $reterition con(ert a court $rocee'in" into an intestate LACE$

2.

ANS>E:+ -t 'e$en's. a) -f t#e $rocee'in" is a *ES*A*E $rocee'in") t#e same is con(erte' into a $rocee'in" for t#e settlement of an intestate estate (exce$t insofar as t#ere are le"acies an' 'e(ises &#ic# are not inofficious). *#e court &oul' #a(e 7uris'iction o(er all t#e $ro$erties of t#e 'ecease') &#et#er or not inclu'e' in t#e institution or $artition t#at is annulle' on account of t#e $reterition. 8r'inarily) &#en t#e $robate of a &ill is $en'in" in one court) t#is must first be terminate' before an intestate $rocee'in") base' on t#e alle"e' $reterition can start.

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

R)!S+,: Normally) t#e matter of $reterition 'eals &it# intrinsic not extrinsic (ali'ity. <o&e(er) &#en t#e only $ro(ision of t#e &ill 'eals &it# an institution of a sister or brot#er) to t#e exclusion of t#e $arents (&#o are t#e only com$ulsory #eirs left)) to continue &it# t#e $robate &oul' be useless. b) -f t#e $rocee'in" is an 8:A-NA:? /-K-! A/*-8N to annul t#e $artition alrea'y ma'e by t#e ot#er #eirs of certain $ro$erties) t#e action cannot be con(erte' into an intestate $rocee'in" &it# 7uris'iction o(er an' all $ro$erties of t#e 'ecease'. R)!S+,: -n t#e or'inary ci(il action) t#e aut#ority of t#e court is limite' to t#e $ro$erties 'escribe' in t#e $lea'in"s) #ence it cannot or'er t#e collation an' $artition of $ro$erties &#ic# &ere no inclu'e' in t#e $artition) &#ic# &as t#e sub7ect matter of t#e action for annulment. >!O IN!ERITS IN "E7AULT O7 TESTAMENTARY !EIRS ART. ,65. -n 'efault of testamentary #eirs) t#e la& (ests t#e in#eritance) in accor'ance &it# t#e rules #ereinafter set fort#) in t#e le"itimate an' ille"itimate relati(es of t#e 'ecease') in t#e sur(i(in" s$ouse) an' in t#e State. RINCI LES IN INTESTATE SUCCESSION ART. ,60. -n e(ery in#eritance) t#e relati(e nearest in 'e"ree exclu'es t#e more 'istant ones) sa(in" t#e ri"#t of re$resentation &#en it $ro$erly ta=es $lace. :elati(es in t#e same 'e"ree s#all in#erit in e9ual s#ares) sub7ect to t#e $ro(isions of article 100@ &it# res$ect to relati(es of t#e full an' #alf bloo') an' of Article 15E) $ara"ra$# 2) concernin" 'i(ision bet&een t#e $aternal an' maternal lines. 0 9ASIC RINCI LES O7 INTESTATE SUCCESSION

1. RULE ON RO<IMITY 4 nearer relati(e exclu'es fart#er relati(e (&it#out $re7u'ice to t#e ri"#t of re$resentation) because by (irtue of re$resentation) t#e fart#er becomes 7ust as near). *#e $rinci$le is &it#out $re7u'ice to $reference of lines #o&e(er. 2. -n "eneral) in#eritance is in e9ual s#ares. *#ere are exce$tions #o&e(er. RULES: 1) *#e 'irect line is $referre' o(er t#e collateral line (e(en &#en #eirs in#erit in t#e same 'e"ree). 2) *#e ri"#t of re$resentation ta=es $lace in t#e 'irect 'escen'in" line) but ne(er in t#e ascen'in". 3) -n t#e collateral line) t#e ri"#t of re$resentation ta=es $lace only in fa(or of t#e c#il'ren of brot#ers or sisters) &#et#er t#ey be of t#e full or #alf2bloo'. .) S#oul' brot#ers an' sisters of t#e full2bloo' sur(i(e to"et#er &it# brot#ers an' sisters of t#e #alf2bloo') t#e former s#all be entitle' to a s#are 'ouble t#at of t#e latter. ) S#oul' t#ere be more t#an one ascen'ant of e9ual 'e"ree belon"in" to t#e same line) t#ey s#all 'i(i'e t#e in#eritance per capita, s#oul' t#ey be of 'ifferent lines but

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

of e9ual 'e"ree) one2#alf s#all "o to t#e $aternal an' t#e ot#er #alf to t#e maternal ascen'ants. -n eac# line) t#e 'i(ision s#all be ma'e per capita. Su;sec#io) 5. = RELATIONS!I ART. ,61. Proximity of relations#i$ is 'etermine' by t#e number of "enerations. Eac# "eneration forms a 'e"ree. "IRECT AN" COLLATERAL LINES ART. ,62. A series of 'e"rees forms a line) &#ic# may be eit#er 'irect or collateral. A "IRECT LINE is t#at constitute' by t#e series of 'e"rees amon" ascen'ants an' 'escen'ants. A COLLATERAL LINE is t#at constitute' by t#e series of 'e"rees amon" $ersons &#o are not ascen'ants an' 'escen'ants) but &#o come from a common ancestor. "ESCEN"ING AN" ASCEN"ING LINES ART. ,63. *#e 'irect line is eit#er 'escen'in" or ascen'in". *#e former (AES/ENA-N;) unites t#e #ea' of t#e family &it# t#ose &#o 'escen' from #im. *#e latter (AS/ENA-N;) bin's a $erson &it# t#ose from &#o #e 'escen's. COM UTATION O7 "EGREES ART. ,66. -n t#e line) as many 'e"rees are counte' as t#ere are "enerations or $ersons) exclu'in" t#e $ro"enitor originator$. -n t#e 'irect line) ascent is ma'e to t#e common ancestor. *#us) t#e c#il' is one 'e"ree remo(e' from t#e $arent) t&o from t#e "ran'fat#er) an' t#ree from t#e "reat "ran'$arent. -n t#e collateral line) ascent is ma'e to t#e common ancestor an' t#en 'escent is ma'e to t#e $erson &it# &#om t#e com$utation is to be ma'e. *#us) a $erson is t&o 'e"rees remo(e' from #is brot#er) t#ree from #is uncle) &#o is t#e brot#er of #is fat#er) four from #is first cousin an' so fort#. 7ULL89LOO" AN" !AL789LOO" RELATIONS!I ART. ,67. Full2bloo' relations#i$ is t#at existin" bet&een $ersons &#o #a(e t#e same fat#er an' t#e same mot#er. <alf2bloo' relations#i$ is t#at existin" bet&een $ersons &#o #a(e t#e same fat#er) but not t#e same mot#er) or t#e same mot#er) but not of t#e same fat#er. ACCRETOIN IN INTESTATE SUCCESSION

2@

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

ART. ,68. -f t#ere are se(eral relati(es of t#e same 'e"ree) an' one or some of t#em are un&illin" or inca$acitate' to succee') #is $ortion s#all accrue to t#e ot#ers of t#e same 'e"ree) sa(e t#e ri"#t of re$resentation &#en it s#oul' ta=e $lace. E77ECT O7 RE U"IATION ART. ,6,. -f t#e in#eritance s#oul' be re$u'iate' by t#e nearest relati(e) s#oul' t#ere be one only) or by all t#e nearest relati(es calle' by la& to succee') s#oul' t#ere be se(eral) t#ose of t#e follo&in" 'e"ree s#all in#erit in t#eir o&n ri"#t an' cannot re$resent t#e $erson or $ersons re$u'iatin" t#e in#eritance. Su;sec#io) 0. = RIG!T O7 RE RESENTATION ART. ,7-. RE RESENTATION is a ri"#t create' by fiction of la&) by (irtue of &#ic# t#e re$resentati(e is raise' to t#e $lace an' t#e 'e"ree of t#e $erson re$resente') an' ac9uires t#e ri"#ts &#ic# t#e latter &oul' #a(e if #e &ere li(in" or if #e coul' #a(e in#erite'. RIG!T O7 RE RESENTATION :e$resentation exists in case of+ a. $re'ecease (testate an' intestate) b. inca$acity (testate an' intestate) c. 'isin#eritance (t#is #a$$ens only in t#e case of testate succession) N8*ES+ A. -n -N*ES*A*E succession) t#e ri"#t of re$resentation &#en $ro$er co(ers all t#at t#e $erson bein" re$resente' &oul' #a(e in#erite'. D. -n *ES*A*E succession) t#e ri"#t of re$resentation co(ers only t#e le"itime. *#ere is no ri"#t to re$resent a (oluntary #eir. *#e le"itime can be recei(e' by re$resentation) for after all) it "oes to t#e #eirs by o$eration of la&. /. :ules in A'o$tion+ a. An a'o$te' c#il' cannot re$resent. *#ere is no filiation (&#et#er by bloo' or by la&) bet&een t#e a'o$te' c#il' an' t#e $arent of t#e a'o$ter). b. Neit#er may an a'o$te' c#il' be re$resente'. ERSON 7ROM >!OM RE RESENTATI6E IN!ERITS ART. ,75. *#e re$resentati(e is calle' to t#e succession by t#e la& an' not by t#e $erson re$resente'. *#e re$resentati(e 'oes not succee' t#e $erson re$resente' but t#e one &#om t#e $erson re$resente' &oul' #a(e succee'e'. >!ERE RIG!T O7 RE RESENTATION TABES LACE

2E

ART. ,70. *#e ri"#t of re$resentation ta=es $lace in t#e 'irect 'escen'in" line) but ne(er in t#e ascen'in". -n t#e collateral line) it ta=es $lace only in fa(or of t#e c#il'ren of brot#ers or sisters) &#et#er t#ey be of t#e full or #alf bloo'. CA ACITY O7 RE RESENTATI6E TO IN!ERIT

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

ART. ,71. -n or'er t#at re$resentation may ta=e $lace) it is necessary t#at t#e re$resentati(e #imself be ca$able of succee'in" t#e 'ece'ent. IN!ERITANCE D ER STIR ES! ART. ,72. >#ene(er t#ere is succession by re$resentation) t#e 'i(ision of t#e estate s#all be ma'e per stirpes) in suc# manner t#at t#e re$resentati(e or re$resentati(es s#all not in#erit more t#an &#at t#e $erson t#ey re$resent &oul' in#erit) if #e &ere li(in" or coul' in#erit. " er s#irpes$ 4 means in#eritance by "rou$) all t#ose &it#in t#e "rou$ in#eritin" e9ual s#ares IN!ERITANCE 9Y NE !E>S AN" NIECES ART. ,73. >#en c#il'ren of one or more brot#ers or sisters of t#e 'ecease' sur(i(e) t#ey s#all in#erit from t#e latter by re$resentation) if t#ey sur(i(e &it# t#eir uncles or aunts. Dut if t#ey alone sur(i(e) t#ey s#all in#erit in e9ual $ortions. 9AR AUESTION$ ! 'ie' intestate lea(in" an estate &ort# P2.0)000. <e is sur(i(e' by #is &ife S, #is ne$#e& T, a son of #is full2bloo' brot#er &, an' #is nieces C an' D) c#il'ren of anot#er full2bloo' brot#er C. Aetermine t#e s#are of t#ose &#o are entitle' to $artici$ate in t#e estate of t#e 'ecease'. ANS>ER$ *#e rea'er &ill $lease try to sol(e t#is easy $roblem #imself. RIG!T O7 RENOUNCER TO RE RESENT ART. ,76. A $erson may re$resent #im &#ose in#eritance #e #as renounce'. ART. ,77. <eirs &#o re$u'iate t#eir s#are may not be re$resente'. ri)ciple$ A :EN8BN/E: MA? :EP:ESEN* DB* MA? N8* DE :EP:ESEN*EA. OBES*-8N+ >#y 'oes t#e la& not allo& a renouncer to be re$resente') alt#ou"# it allo&s an inca$acitate' or 'isin#erite' $erson to be re$resente'F ANS>E:+ Decause t#e circumstances are 'ifferent. A renouncer for moti(es of #is o&n 'oes so (oluntarily. <is act of re$u'iation ta=es a&ay #is right to dispose of the property 4 'is$ossess in'ee' #is c#il'ren of t#at &#ic# coul' #a(e "one 'o&n to t#em. Note t#at re$u'iation is an act of 'is$osition. -n cases of inca$acity or 'isin#eritance #o&e(er) t#e loss is in(oluntary. *#e c#il'ren of t#e inca$acitate' or 'isin#erite' $erson s#oul' not be 'e$ri(e' of t#e ri"#t of re$resentation. *#ey s#oul' not suffer for #a(in" an un&ort#y $arent. *#ey s#oul' in'ee' be sym$at#i0e' &it#. SE/*-8N 2 OR"ER O7 INTESTATE SUCCESSION Su;sec#io) 5. = "ESCEN"ING "IRECT LINE

25

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

ART. ,78. Succession $ertains) in t#e first $lace) to t#e 'escen'in" 'irect line. SUCCESSION 9Y LEGITIMATE AN" LEGITIMATE" C!IL"REN ART. ,7,. !e"itimate c#il'ren an' t#eir 'escen'ants succee' t#e $arents an' ot#er ascen'ants) &it#out 'istinction as to sex or a"e) an' e(en if t#ey s#oul' come from 'ifferent marria"es. An a'o$te' c#il' succee's to t#e $ro$erty of t#e a'o$tin" $arents in t#e same manner as a le"itimate c#il'. IN!ERITANCE 9Y C!IL"REN ART. ,8-. *#e c#il'ren of t#e 'ecease' s#all al&ays in#erit from #im in t#eir o&n ri"#t) 'i(i'in" t#e in#eritance in e9ual s#ares. IN!ERITANCE 9Y C!IL"REN CONCURRING >IT! GRAN"C!IL"REN ART. ,85. S#oul' c#il'ren of t#e 'ecease' an' 'escen'ants of ot#er c#il'ren &#o are 'ea') sur(i(e) t#e former s#all in#erit in t#eir o&n ri"#t) an' t#e latter by ri"#t of re$resentation. IN!ERITANCE 9Y GRAN"C!IL"REN ART. ,80. *#e "ran'c#il'ren an' ot#er 'escen'ants s#all in#erit by ri"#t of re$resentation) an' if any one of t#em s#oul' #a(e 'ie') lea(in" se(eral #eirs) t#e $ortion $ertainin" to #im s#all be 'i(i'e' amon" t#e latter in e9ual $ortions. A)#o)io Arm's y C'lis#erio /. M'rie##' C'lis#erio G.R. No. 5162674 April 64 0--*#e successional ri"#t in intestacy of a sur(i(in" s$ouse o(er t#e net estate of t#e 'ecease') concurrin" &it# le"itimate brot#ers an' sisters or ne$#e&s an' nieces (t#e latter by ri"#t of re$resentation)) is one2#alf of t#e in#eritance) t#e brot#ers an' sisters or ne$#e&s an' nieces) bein" entitle' to t#e ot#er #alf. Ne$#e&s an' nieces) #o&e(er) can only succee' by ri"#t of re$resentation in t#e $resence of uncles an' aunts, u$on t#e ot#er #an') ne$#e&s an' nieces can succee' in t#eir o&n ri"#t &#ic# is to say t#at brot#ers or sisters exclu'e ne$#e&s an' nieces exce$t only in re$resentation by t#e latter of t#eir $arents &#o $re'ecease or are inca$acitate' to succee'. S!ARES O7 ILLEGITIMATE C!IL"REN CONCURRING >IT! LEGITIMATE C!IL"REN ART. ,81. -f ille"itimate c#il'ren sur(i(e &it# le"itimate c#il'ren) t#e s#ares of t#e former s#all be in t#e $ro$ortion $rescribe' by Article 51 . ESTATE O7 A"O TE" C!IL"REN ART. ,82. -n case of t#e 'eat# of an a'o$te' c#il') lea(in" no c#il'ren or 'escen'ants) #is $arents an' relati(es by consan"uinity an' not by a'o$tion) s#all be #is le"al #eirs.

21

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

Su;sec#io) 0. = ASCEN"ING "IRECT LINE Ar#. ,83. -n 'efault of le"itimate c#il'ren an' 'escen'ants of t#e 'ecease') #is $arents an' ascen'ants s#all in#erit from #im) to t#e exclusion of collateral relati(es. S!ARES O7 ARENTS

30

ART. ,86. *#e fat#er an' mot#er) if li(in") s#all in#erit in e9ual s#ares. S#oul' only one of t#em sur(i(e) #e or s#e s#all succee' to t#e entire estate of t#e c#il'. IN!ERITANCE 9Y OT!ER ASCEN"ANTS ART. ,87. -n 'efault of t#e fat#er an' mot#er) t#e ascen'ants nearest in 'e"ree s#all in#erit. S#oul' t#ere be more t#an one e9ual 'e"ree belon"in" to t#e same line t#ey s#all 'i(i'e t#e in#eritance per capita, s#oul' t#ey be of 'ifferent lines but of e9ual 'e"ree) one0#alf s#all "o to t#e $aternal an' t#e ot#er #alf to t#e maternal ascen'ants. -n eac# line) t#e 'i(ision s#all be ma'e per capita. Su;sec#io) 1. = ILLEGITMATE C!IL"REN ART. ,88. -n t#e absence of le"itimate 'escen'ants or ascen'ants) t#e ille"itimate c#il'ren s#all succee' to t#e entire estate of t#e 'ecease'. ILLEGITIMATE C!IL"REN CONCURRING >IT! "ESCEN"ANTS O7 ANOT!ER ILLEGITIMATE C!IL" ART. ,8,. -f) to"et#er &it# ille"itimate c#il'ren) t#ere s#oul' sur(i(e 'escen'ants of anot#er ille"itimate c#il' &#o is 'ea') t#e former s#all succee' in t#eir o&n ri"#t an' t#e latter by ri"#t of re$resentation. TRANSMISSION O7 !ERE"ITARY RIG!TS O7 ILLEGITIMATE C!IL"REN ART. ,,-. *#e #ere'itary ri"#ts "rante' by t#e t&o $rece'in" articles to ille"itimate c#il'ren s#all be transmitte' u$on t#eir 'eat# to t#eir 'escen'ants) &#o s#all in#erit by ri"#t of re$resentation from t#eir 'ecease' "ran'$arent. ILLEGITIMATE C!IL"REN CONCURRING >IT! LEGITIMATE ASCEN"ANTS ART. ,,5. -f le"itimate ascen'ants are left) t#e ille"itimate c#il'ren s#all 'i(i'e t#e in#eritance &it# t#em) ta=in" one2#alf of t#e estate) &#ate(er be t#e number of t#e ascen'ants or of t#e ille"itimate c#il'ren. GENERAL RULE ON ARTIAL INTESTACY

G/#ar"e t#e le"acies) etc. to t#e intestate s#are of t#ose "i(en by t#e la& (on intestate succession) M8:E t#an t#eir res$ecti(e le"itimes) &it#out) #o&e(er im$airin" sai' le"itimes. Moreo(er) t#e c#ar"in" must be P:8P8:*-8NA*E to t#e amount in t#e intestate s#are o(er an' abo(e t#at "i(en by la& as !E;-*-ME.H

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

IRON CURTAIN RULE$ T!E 9ARRIER 9ET>EEN T!E LEGITIMATE AN" T!E ILLEGITIMATE 7AMILIES ART. ,,0. An ille"itimate c#il' #as no ri"#t to in#erit ab intestato from t#e le"itimate c#il'ren an' relati(es of #is fat#er or mot#er, nor s#all suc# c#il'ren or relati(es in#erit in t#e same manner from t#e ille"itimate c#il'. "i':4 e# 'l. 6. IAC4 e# 'l. G.R. No. L8663724 Eu)e 574 5,87 Art. 112 of t#e /i(il /o'e $ro(i'es a barrier or iron curtain in t#at) it $ro#ibits absolutely a succession ab intestato bet&een t#e ille"itimate c#il' an' t#e le"itimate c#il'ren an' relati(es of t#e fat#er or mot#er of sai' le"itimate c#il'. *#ey may #a(e a natural a natural tie of bloo') but t#is is not reco"ni0e' by la& for t#e $ur$oses of Art. 112. Det&een t#e le"itimate family an' t#e ille"itimate family) t#ere is $resume' to be an inter(enin" anta"onism an' incom$atibility. *#e ille"itimate c#il' is 'is"racefully loo=e' 'o&n u$on by t#e le"itimate family, t#e le"itimate family is in turn) #ate' but t#e ille"itimate c#il', t#e latter consi'ers t#e $ri(ile"e' con'ition of t#e former) an' t#e resources of &#ic# it is t#ereby 'e$ri(e', t#e former) in turn) sees in t#e ille"itimate c#il' not#in" but t#e $ro'uct of sin) $al$able e(i'ence of a blemis# bro=en in life, t#e la& 'oes no more t#an reco"ni0e t#is trut#) by a(oi'in" furt#er "roun's of resentment. *#us) $etitioners #erein cannot re$resent t#eir fat#er Pablo Santero in t#e succession of t#e latter to t#e intestate estate of #is le"itimate mot#er Simona Pamut K'a. Ae Santero because of t#e barrier $ro(i'e' for un'er Art. 112 of t#e /i(il /o'e. Leo)'r(o /. Cour# o& Appe'ls G.R. No. 350614 7e;ru'ry 084 5,81 A "reat "ran'son cannot in#erit by ri"#t of re$resentation if #e is ille"itimate. Corpus /. A(mi)is#r'#or G.R. No. L80026,4 Oc#o;er 014 5,78 !e"itimate 'au"#ter cannot in#erit ab intestato from ille"itimate 'au"#ter of 'ecease' because of barrier un'er Art. 112. So t#e son of t#e le"itimate 'au"#ter cannot $artici$ate in sai' intestate estate. *#e rule is $remise' on t#e t#eory t#at t#e le"itimate family loo=s 'o&n on t#e ille"itimate family) an' t#e latter #ates an' resents t#e former. *o a(oi' furt#er "roun's of resentment) t#e la& $refers to i"nore t#e existin" bloo' tie. "irec#or o& L')(s /. A%u's 61 hil. 07, An ille"itimate relati(e) e(en if &it#in t#e t#ir' (3r') 'e"ree from t#e $ro$ositus) is not entitle' to t#e benefits of reserva troncal. &!R '()ST*+,

31

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

!, an ille"itimate son of &) 'ies intestate &it#out any 'escen'ants) but lea(es a &i'o& C. <e also lea(es se(eral brot#ers) legitimate c#il'ren of #is 'ecease' natural fat#er. >#o s#oul' recei(e t#e in#eritance left by #imF ANS>E:+ 8nly t#e &i'o& in#erits. *#e brot#ers 'o not in#erit because of t#e barrier in Art. 112. Aoes an ille"itimate c#il' #a(e t#e ri"#t to re$resent #is $re'ecease' natural fat#er to claim a $ortion of t#e in#eritance left by t#e latter%s fat#erF ANS>E:+ -f t#e $re'ecease' natural fat#er is a le"itimate c#il' of t#e 'ece'ent) N8 because of t#e barrier, if also an ille"itimate c#il') ?ES) for t#ere &oul' be no barrier. M')uel /. 7errer G.R. No. 5570264 Au%us# 054 5,,3 Art. 112 of t#e /i(il /o'e enunciates &#at is so commonly referre' to in t#e rules on succession as t#e G$rinci$le of absolute se$aration bet&een t#e le"itimate family an' t#e ille"itimate family.H >#en t#e la& s$ea=s of brot#ers an' sisters) ne$#e&s an' nieces as le"al #eirs of an ille"itimate c#il') it refers to ille"itimate brot#ers an' sisters as &ell as to t#e c#il'ren) &#et#er le"itimate or ille"itimate) of suc# brot#ers an' sisters. IN!ERITANCE 9Y T!E ILLEGITIMATE ARENTS

32

ART. ,,1. -f an ille"itimate c#il' s#oul' 'ie &it#out issue) eit#er le"itimate or ille"itimate) #is fat#er or mot#er s#all succee' to #is entire estate, an' if t#e c#il'%s filiation is 'uly $ro(e' as to bot# $arents) &#o are bot# li(in") t#ey s#all in#erit from #im s#are an' s#are ali=e. INTESTATE S!ARES O7 SUR6I6ING S OUSE ART. ,,2. -n 'efault of t#e fat#er or mot#er) an ille"itimate c#il' s#all be succee'e' by #is or #er sur(i(in" s$ouse) &#o s#all be entitle' to t#e entire estate. -f t#e &i'o& or &i'o&er s#oul' sur(i(e &it# brot#ers an' sisters) ne$#e&s an' nieces) s#e or #e s#all in#erit one2#alf of t#e estate) an' t#e latter t#e ot#er #alf. :ESBME 8F *<E 8:AE: 8F -N*ES*A*E SB//ESS-8N *8 *<E ES*A*E 8F AN -!!E;-*-MA*E /<-!A 1. !e"itimate c#il'ren an' le"itimate 'escen'ants. 2. -lle"itimate c#il'ren an' 'escen'ants (&#et#er le"itimate or ille"itimate) 3. -lle"itimate $arents ($ro(i'e' t#at an ille"itimate 'ece'ent #as no le"itimate ascen'ants) .. Sur(i(in" s$ouse. . *#e State Su;sec#io) 2. = SUR6I6ING S OUSE

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

ART. ,,3. -n t#e absence of le"itimate 'escen'ants an' ascen'ants) an' ille"itimate c#il'ren an' t#eir 'escen'ants) &#et#er le"itimate or ille"itimate) t#e sur(i(in" s$ouse s#all in#erit t#e entire estate) &it#out $re7u'ice to t#e ri"#ts of brot#ers an' sisters) ne$#e&s an' nieces) s#oul' t#ere be any) un'er Article 1001. S!ARE O7 SUR6I6ING S OUSE CONCURRING >IT! C!IL"REN ART. ,,6. -f t#e &i'o& or &i'o&er an' le"itimate c#il'ren or 'escen'ants are left) t#e sur(i(in" s$ouse #as in t#e succession t#e same s#are as t#at of eac# of t#e c#il'ren. S!ARE O7 SUR6I6ING S OSE >IT! LEGITIMATE ARENTS OR ASCEN"ANTS

33

ART. ,,7. >#en t#e &i'o& or &i'o&er sur(i(es &it# le"itimate $arents or ascen'ants) t#e sur(i(in" s$ouse s#all be entitle' to one2#alf of t#e estate) an' t#e le"itimate $arents or ascen'ants to t#e ot#er #alf. INTESTATE S!ARES O7 SUR6I6ING S OUSE CONCURRING >IT! ILLEGITIMATE C!IL"REN ART. ,,8. -f a &i'o& or &i'o&er sur(i(es &it# ille"itimate c#il'ren) suc# &i'o& or &i'o&er s#all be entitle' to one2#alf of t#e in#eritance) an' t#e ille"itimate c#il'ren or t#eir 'escen'ants) &#et#er le"itimate or ille"itimate) to t#e ot#er #alf. S!ARES O7 SUR6I6ING S OUSE COCNCURRING >IT! C!IL"REN OR OT!ER "ESCEN"ANTS ART. ,,,. >#en t#e &i'o& or &i'o&er sur(i(es &it# le"itimate c#il'ren or t#eir 'escen'ants an' ille"itimate c#il'ren or t#eir 'escen'ants) &#et#er le"itimate or ille"itimate) suc# &i'o& or &i'o&er s#all be entitle' to t#e same s#are as t#at of a le"itimate c#il'. S!ARE O7 SUR6I6ING S OUSE CONCURRING >IT! LEGITIMATE ASCEN"ANTS AN" ILLEGITIMATE C!IL"REN ART 5---. -f le"itimate ascen'ants) t#e sur(i(in" s$ouse) an' ille"itimate c#il'ren are left) t#e ascen'ants s#all be entitle' to one2#alf of t#e in#eritance) an' t#e ot#er #alf s#all be 'i(i'e' bet&een t#e sur(i(in" s$ouse an' t#e ille"itimate c#il'ren so t#at suc# &i'o& or &i'o&er s#all #a(e one2fourt# of t#e estate) an' t#e ille"itimate c#il'ren t#e ot#er fourt#. S!ARE O7 SUR6I6ING S OUSE CONCURRING >IT! 9ROT!ERS4 SISTERS4 NE !E>S4 AN" NIECES ART 5--5. S#oul' brot#ers an' sisters or t#eir c#il'ren sur(i(e &it# t#e &i'o& or &i'o&er) t#e latter s#all be entitle' to one2#alf of t#e in#eritance an' t#e brot#ers an' sisters or t#eir c#il'ren to t#e ot#er #alf. RULES IN CASE O7 LEGAL SE ARATION ART. 5--0. -n case of a le"al se$aration) if t#e sur(i(in" s$ouse "a(e cause for t#e se$aration) #e or s#e s#all not #a(e any ri"#ts in t#e $rece'in" articles. Su;sec#io) 3. = COLLATERAL RELATI6ES

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

ART. 5--1. -f t#ere are no 'escen'ants) ascen'ants) ille"itimate c#il'ren) or a sur(i(in" s$ouse) t#e collateral relati(es s#all succee' to t#e entire estate of t#e 'ecease' in accor'ance &it# t#e follo&in" articles. S!ARE O7 9ROT!ERS AN" SISTERS ART. 5--2. S#oul' t#e only sur(i(ors be brot#ers an' sister of t#e full2bloo') t#ey s#all in#erit in e9ual s#ares. S!ARES O7 9ROT!ERS AN" SISTERS CONCURRING >IT! NE !E>S AN" NIECES ART. 5--3. S#oul' t#e brot#ers an' sisters sur(i(e to"et#er &it# ne$#e&s an' nieces) &#o are t#e c#il'ren of t#e 'ece'ent%s brot#ers an' sisters of t#e full2bloo') t#e former s#all in#erit per capita) an' t#e latter per stirpes. :i"#t of :e$resentation in t#e /ollateral !ine *#e ri"#t of re$resentation in t#e collateral line 'oes not exten' to "ran'ne$#e&s an' "ran'nieces. <ence) if a sister an' ne$#e&s of t#e 'ecease' a$$eare' to claim t#e in#eritance) t#ey) as t#e nearest =in) exclu'e suc# remote relati(es as "ran'ne$#e&s an' "ran'nieces. 7ilome)' A;ell')' (e 9'c'yo /. G'u(e)cio 7err'ris (e 9orromeo4 e# 'l. G.R. No. L85,1804 Au%us# 154 5,63 FA/*S+ Melo'ia Ferraris &as 'eclare' by t#e lo&er court to be $resum$ti(ely 'ea' for t#e $ur$ose fo o$enin" t#e succession to #er estate. S#e &as sur(i(e' by an aunt) an' by se(eral ne$#e&s an' nieces (c#il'ren of a $re'ecease' brot#er). -SSBE+>#o &ill in#erit in t#is case of intestate successionF <E!A+ >#ile t#e aunt is a relati(e of t#e 3r' 'e"ree) an' &#ile t#e ne$#e&s an' nieces are also relati(es of t#e 3r' 'e"ree) still it is t#e latter &#o s#oul' in#erit t#e estate to t#e exclusion of t#e aunt) for t#e former is No. . in t#e or'er of intestate succession) &#ile t#e aunt is only No. in sai' or'er. 7ULL89LOO" CONCURRING >IT! !AL789LOO" ART. 5--6. S#oul' brot#ers an' sisters of t#e full2bloo' sur(i(e to"et#er &it# brot#ers an' sisters of t#e #alf2bloo') t#e former s#all be entitle' to a s#are 'ouble t#at of t#e latter. 9icomo)% /. Alm'):' G.R. No. L8171634 No/em;er 0,4 5,77 FA/*S+ *#e 'ecease' #a' a sister of t#e full2bloo' an' a brot#er an' t&o sisters of t#e #alf2bloo') all of &#om #a' $re'ecease' #er. Sur(i(in" &ere+ (a) a 'au"#ter of #er sister of t#e full2bloo') an' (b) ten c#il'ren of #er brot#er an' t&o sisters of t#e #alf2bloo'. Aistribute t#e estate. <E!A+ *#e niece of t#e &#ole bloo' "ets a s#are 'ouble t#at of eac# of t#e ne$#e&s an' nieces of t#e #alf2bloo'. All of t#em in#erit in t#eir o&n ri"#t) an' not by t#e ri"#t of re$resentation because t#e ne$#e&s an' nieces #ere 'o not concur &it# any

3.

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

brot#er or sister of t#e 'ecease'. *#e relati(e of t#e full2bloo' 'oes not exclu'e t#e relati(es of t#e #alf2bloo'. !AL789LOO" 9ROT!ERS AN" SISTERS 7ROM 9OT! SI"ES ART. 5--7. -n case brot#ers an' sisters of t#e #alf2bloo') some on t#e fat#er%s an' some on t#e mot#er%s si'e) are t#e only sur(i(ors) all s#all in#erit in e9ual s#ares &it#out 'istinction as to t#e ori"in of t#e $ro$erty. !O> C!IL"REN O7 9ROT!ERS AN" SISTERS O7 T!E !AL789LOO" IN!ERIT ART. 5--8. /#il'ren of brot#ers an' sisters of t#e #alf bloo' s#all succee' per capita or per stirpes) in accor'ance &it# t#e rules lai' 'o&n for brot#ers an' sisters of t#e full2bloo'. IN!ERITANCE 9Y OT!ER COLLATERAL RELATI6ES ART. 5--,. S#oul' t#ere be neit#er brot#ers nor sisters nor c#il'ren of brot#ers or sister) t#e ot#er collateral relati(es s#all succee' to t#e estate. *#e latter s#all succee' &it#out 'istinction of lines or $reference amon" t#em by reason of relations#i$ by t#e &#ole bloo'. Tioco "e 'p' /. C'm'cho G.R. No. 08-104 Sep#em;er 024 5,86 Bn'er Art. 1001 of t#e /i(il /o'e) t#e absence of brot#ers) sisters) ne$#e&s) an' nieces of t#e 'ece'ent is a $recon'ition of t#e ot#er collaterals (uncles) cousins) etc.) bein" calle' to t#e succession. *#is &as also an' more clearly t#e case un'er t#e S$anis# /i(il /o'e of 1551 t#at imme'iately $rece'e' t#e /i(il /o'e no& in force. *#us) un'er our la&s of succession) a 'ece'ent%s uncles an' aunts may not succee' ab intestato so lon" as ne$#e&s an' nieces of t#e 'ece'ent sur(i(e an' are &illin" an' 9ualifie' to succee'. SUCCESSION LIMITE" TO T!E 7I7T! "EGREE ART. 5-5-. *#e ri"#t to in#erit ab intestato s#all not excee' beyon' t#e fift# ( 'e"ree of relations#i$ in t#e collateral line. Su;sec#io) 6. = T!E STATE ART. 5-55. -n 'efault of $ersons entitle' to succee' in accor'ance &it# t#e $ro(isions of t#e $rece'in" SE/*-8NS) t#e State s#all in#erit t#e &#ole estate. !O> T!E STATE IN!ERITS ART. 5-50. -n or'er t#at t#e State may ta=e $ossession of t#e $ro$erty mentione' in t#e $rece'in" article) t#e $ertinent $ro(isions of t#e :ules of /ourt must be obser(e'. ESC!EATS 4 refers to succession by t#e State to $ro$erty consi'ere' Go&nerlessH for lac= of com$etent le"al #eirs. Esc#eat) bein" an attribute of so(erei"nty) rests on t#e $rinci$le t#at ultimately it is t#e State t#at o&ns all $ro$erty &it#in its territorial 7uris'iction.
t#

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

!O> ESTATE IN!ERITE" 9Y T!E STATE IS "ISTRI9UTE" ART. 5-51. After t#e $ayment of 'ebts an' c#ar"es) t#e $ersonal $ro$erty s#all be assi"ne' to t#e munici$ality or city &#ere t#e 'ecease' last resi'e' in t#e P#ili$$ines) an' t#e real estate to t#e munici$alities or cities) res$ecti(ely) in &#ic# t#e same is situate') -f t#e 'ecease' ne(er resi'e' in t#e P#ili$$ines) t#e &#ole estate s#all be assi"ne' to t#e res$ecti(e munici$alities or cities &#ere t#e same is locate'. Suc# estate s#all be for t#e benefit of $ublic sc#ools an' $ublic c#aritable institutions an' centers) in suc# munici$alities or cities. *#e court s#all 'istribute t#e estate as t#e res$ecti(e nee's of eac# beneficiary may &arrant. *#e court) at t#e instance of an intereste' $arty) or on its o&n motion) may or'er t#e establis#ment of a $ermanent trust) so t#at only t#e income from t#e $ro$erty s#all be use'. RULE I7 A LEGAL !EIR 7ILES A CLAIM ART. 5-52. -f a $erson le"ally entitle' to t#e estate of t#e 'ecease' a$$ears an' files a claim t#ereto &it# t#e court &it#in years from t#e 'ate t#e $ro$erty &as 'eli(ere' to t#e State) suc# $erson s#all be entitle' to t#e $ossession of t#e same) or if sol') t#e munici$ality or city s#all be accountable to #im for suc# $art of t#e $rocee's as may not #a(e been la&fully s$ent. CAR"INAL RINCI LES O7 INTESTATE SUCCESSION

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1) E(en if t#ere is an or'er of intestate succession) t#e com$ulsory #eirs are ne(er exclu'e'. Moreo(er) t#e /i(il /o'e follo&s t#e t#eory of Gconcurrence)H not t#e t#eory of Gexclusion.H 2) *#e nearer exclu'es t#e fart#er) &it#out $re7u'ice to t#e ri"#t of re$resentation. 3) *#ere is no ri"#t of re$resentations in t#e ascen'in" line. .) *#ere is ri"#t of re$resentation in t#e 'escen'in" line. ) -n t#e collateral line) t#e ri"#t of re$resentation is "i(en only to c#il'ren of brot#ers an' sisters a. <ence) "ran'c#il'ren of brot#ers an' sisters cannot re$resent in t#e succession of t#e 'ece'ent) neit#er can c#il'ren of first cousins. b. *#is ri"#t of re$resentation in t#e collateral line is true only in le"al succession) ne(er in testamentary succession) because a (oluntary #eir cannot be re$resente'. @) *#e intestate s#ares are eit#er e9ual to or "reater t#an t#e le"itime (ot#er&ise) a "oo' &ay to 'ecrease t#e le"itime &oul' be by 'i(i'in" t#e intestate). E) -n case of $artial intestacy) t#e le"acies an' 'e(ises or institutions to t#e free $ortion must be c#ar"e' $ro$ortionately a"ainst t#e intestate #eirs &#o are "i(en intestate s#ares "reater t#an t#eir le"itimes) insofar as sai' excess is concerne') but in no case s#oul' t#e le"itime be im$aire'. 5) ;ran'c#il'ren A!>A?S in#erit by ri"#t of re$resentation) $ro(i'e' re$resentation is $ro$er. *#is is true &#et#er t#ey concur &it# c#il'ren of t#e 'ecease' or not. 1) *#erefore) &#ene(er all t#e c#il'ren re$u'iate) t#e "ran'c#il'ren in#erit in t#eir o&n ri"#t) for #ere) re$resentation is not $ro$er. 10) Ne$#e&s an' nieces in#erit eit#er by ri"#t of re$resentation or in t#eir o&n ri"#t.

Notes in Succession for Final Examination (2013) by Pauline Mae P. Araneta

a. Dy ri"#t of re$resentation) &#en t#ey concur &it# aunts an' uncles ($ro(i'e' t#at re$resentation is $ro$er) t#at t#eir o&n $arents s#oul' not #a(e re$u'iate'). b. -n t#eir o&n ri"#t) &#ene(er t#ey 'o not concur &it# aunts an' uncles. 11) -lle"itimates of le"itimates cannot re$resent because of t#e DA::-E:) but ille"itimates (an' le"itimates) of ille"itimates can re$resent. 12) *#ere is barrier bet&een t#e !E;-*-MA*E an' t#e -!!E;-*-MA*E family. 13) *#ere can be reserva troncal in le"al succession. 1.) A renouncer can re$resent) but cannot be re$resente'. 1 ) A $erson &#o cannot re$resent a near relati(e (suc# as a fat#er &#o #as renounce') cannot also re$resent a relati(e fart#er in 'e"ree. After all) t#e ri"#t to re$resent is by itself also a successional ri"#t) &#ic# is of course "o(erne' by le"al $ro(isions. SIM LER TA9LE O7 INTESTATE S!ARES -lle"itimate 4 132 Sur(i(in" 4 132 !e"itimate 4 132 -lle"itimate 4 13. Sur(i(in" 4 13. !e"itimate 4 132 -lle"itimate 4 132 !e"itimate 4 132 Sur(i(in" 4 132 -lle"itimate 4 132 Sur(i(in" 4 132 Drot#ers) Sisters) 4 132 /#il'ren Sur(i(in" 4 A!! S$ouse Parents !e"itimate /#il'ren 4 A!! -lle"itimate S$ouse 4 A!! Parents Parents Alone Alone S$ouse

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Ne$#e&s

Parents Sur(i(in" S$ouse Alone 4 A!! /#il'ren !e"itimate /#il' Alone 4 A!! Parents 1 !e"itimate /#il' 4 132 S$ouse Sur(i(in" s$ouse 4 6 Parents 2 or more !e"itimate /#il') Sur(i(in" S$ouse 4 consi'er s$ouse as S$ouse 1 le"itimate c#il' an' 'i(i'e estate by total an' Nieces number