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GM-C Filters Biquad

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Presentation of gm-C filters, presented for CT1 Brazil IC program. Equations of biquad filters, realization and synthesis of biquad filters

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GM-C Filters Biquad

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tjoliveira
4K views26 pages
Presentation of gm-C filters, presented for CT1 Brazil IC program. Equations of biquad filters, realization and synthesis of biquad filters

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Gm-C filters Biquad

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Presentation of gm-C filters, presented for CT1 Brazil IC program. Equations of biquad filters, realization and synthesis of biquad filters

Copyright:

Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
4K views26 pages

GM-C Filters Biquad

Uploaded by

tjoliveira
Presentation of gm-C filters, presented for CT1 Brazil IC program. Equations of biquad filters, realization and synthesis of biquad filters

Copyright:

Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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You are on page 1/ 26

What is Gm-C filters?

 Definition:
 Active filter controlled by OTA (current gain) and capacitors parameters,
over a CMOS or BiCMOS technology.

 Key Points:
 Introduction
 Comparative of RC, MOSFET-C and Gm-C filters
 Biquad overview
 Gm-C filter synthesis

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AnalogTitleIC Design 2
Introduction: Gm-C Filters
 Where / why we do use Continous-Time Filters:
 Pre and post filters for sampled-data systems;
 Mixed analog digital systems;
 Biomedical applications (peacemarker);
 Area and Power efficient solution.

 Gm-C Filters properties:


 Well-suited for high-frequency applications;
 Many transconductance elements required;
 Limited dynamic range (OTA nonlinearities);

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AnalogTitleIC Design 3
Comparison of CT-filters type

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AnalogTitleIC Design 4
The Biquad Filter

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AnalogTitleIC Design 5
The Biquad Filter

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AnalogTitleIC Design 6
The Biquad Filter
 The ressonator Natural Modes

 Active ressonator

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AnalogTitleIC Design 7
The Two-Integrator-Loop Biquad
 Consider first a high pass filter.

Kerwin-Huelsman-Newcomb (KHN) biquad

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AnalogTitleIC Design 8
The Tow-Integrator-Loop Biquad
 Another way to sum the partial integrated signals

Tow-Thomas biquad

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AnalogTitleIC Design 9
Other Techniques Available
 SAB ( Single Amplifier Biquad)
 Simulation of passive ladder network
 Other higher order techniques.

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AnalogTitleIC Design 10
First-Order OTA-C

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AnalogTitleIC Design 11
Basic Blocks
 Basic Building Block
 OTA-C Integrator

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AnalogTitleIC Design 12
Basic Blocks
 Parasitic capacitance effects:
 The Miller effect

 How to reduce this parasitic capacitance

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AnalogTitleIC Design 13
Basic Blocks
 OTA simulated resistor

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AnalogTitleIC Design 14
Basic Blocks
 OTA simulated inductor

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AnalogTitleIC Design 15
Filter Topologies
 Example of an RLC circuit

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AnalogTitleIC Design 16
Two Integrator Loop OTA-C filter
 Very known from opamp realization

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AnalogTitleIC Design 17
Two Integrator Loop OTA-C filter
 Summed feedback and Distributed feedback

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AnalogTitleIC Design 18
Two Integrator Loop OTA-C filter
 Designing

 Making t1 = t2 = t ; select k11 and k12

 Or making k11=k12; select t1 and t2

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AnalogTitleIC Design 19
Two Integrator Loop OTA-C filter
 Biquad

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AnalogTitleIC Design 20
OTA-C Realizations of (DF) Configuration
 How to use inputs and outputs

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AnalogTitleIC Design 21
OTA-C Realizations of (DF) Configuration
 Summarized table

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AnalogTitleIC Design 22
Biquad Realization
 Summarizing
 Distributed Feedback
 Summer feedback (KHN – biquad)
 Lossy integrator (Tow-Thomas)

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AnalogTitleIC Design 23
Final Considerations
 Dynamic Range

 Mismatch transconductance

 Output impedance and load problem

 Component substitution (LC ladder, RLC Ressonator)

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AnalogTitleIC Design 24
References
 Deliyannis, T. Sun, Y. Fidler, J.K. Continuous-Time Active Filter Design. New York:
CRC Press. 1999
 Johns, D. Martin, K. Analog Integrated Circuit Design. New York: Wiley. 1997
 Ficher, G. Transconductance-C Filters at:
http://www.ele.uri.edu/courses/ele539/lectures/chapter9.pdf
 Sedra, A.S., Smith, K.C. Microelectronic circuits. Fifth Ed. New York: Oxford press.
2004
 R. L. Geiger and E. Sánchez-Sinencio , "Active Filter Design Using Operational
Transconductance Amplifiers: A Tutorial," IEEE Circuits and Devices Magazine, Vol. 1,
pp.20-32, March 1985.

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AnalogTitleIC Design 25
Pratical example
 Band Stop

 Making t1 = t1 =t

 Or making k12=k22=k

 requirements

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AnalogTitleIC Design 28
Pratical example
 Band Stop
 The integrators and amplifiers transconductance

 Simulated Resistor and Capacitors

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AnalogTitleIC Design 29

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