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    Dynamics Week 1a

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    donatchange
    This document provides an introduction to dynamics. It defines dynamics as the study of bodies in motion or out of equilibrium, as opposed to statics which considers bodies at rest. It outlines the key classifications of dynamics, including the dynamics of particles, rigid bodies, liquids, gases, and solids. Newton's laws of motion are also introduced, relating applied forces to the resulting motion and acceleration of bodies. Basic concepts such as particles, rigid bodies, and flexible bodies are defined.

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    Dynamics Week 1a

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    donatchange
    54 views7 pages
    This document provides an introduction to dynamics. It defines dynamics as the study of bodies in motion or out of equilibrium, as opposed to statics which considers bodies at rest. It outlines the key classifications of dynamics, including the dynamics of particles, rigid bodies, liquids, gases, and solids. Newton's laws of motion are also introduced, relating applied forces to the resulting motion and acceleration of bodies. Basic concepts such as particles, rigid bodies, and flexible bodies are defined.

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    This is a lecture slides produced by University lecturer for Dynamics in Week 1

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    This document provides an introduction to dynamics. It defines dynamics as the study of bodies in motion or out of equilibrium, as opposed to statics which considers bodies at rest. It outlines the key classifications of dynamics, including the dynamics of particles, rigid bodies, liquids, gases, and solids. Newton's laws of motion are also introduced, relating applied forces to the resulting motion and acceleration of bodies. Basic concepts such as particles, rigid bodies, and flexible bodies are defined.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    54 views7 pages

    Dynamics Week 1a

    Uploaded by

    donatchange
    This document provides an introduction to dynamics. It defines dynamics as the study of bodies in motion or out of equilibrium, as opposed to statics which considers bodies at rest. It outlines the key classifications of dynamics, including the dynamics of particles, rigid bodies, liquids, gases, and solids. Newton's laws of motion are also introduced, relating applied forces to the resulting motion and acceleration of bodies. Basic concepts such as particles, rigid bodies, and flexible bodies are defined.

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    9/23/2013

    Dynamics MCB 2043


    Introduction

    September 2013 Semester

    Dereje Engida Woldemichael (PhD, CEng MIMechE) dereje.woldemichael@petronas.com.my

    Lesson Outcomes
    At the end of this lecture you should be able to:
    Identify classifications of dynamics

    9/23/2013

    Overview
    Statics vs Dynamics Mechanics Basic Concepts
    Particles Rigid bodies Newtons Laws of motion

    Statics

    VS.

    Dynamics

    Bodies at REST Bodies in MOTION or in equilibrium

    Dynamics of Solid Bodies

    Dynamics of Liquids

    e.g. Robotics

    Why Dynamics So Important?


    e.g. Hydrodynamics

    Dynamics of Gasses/Air
    e.g. Aerodynamics

    9/23/2013

    Introduction
    Mechanics: The action and effects of forces on bodies Statics Mechanics Dynamics Bodies in motion, or out of equilibrium Bodies at rest, or in equilibrium

    In Equilibrium

    Be static or move with constant velocity v=0.2 m/s

    v=0

    m
    Static

    Move with v=constant

    Out of Equilibrium

    Accelerate with the change of velocity m

    a=0.5 m/s2

    Study of motion without reference to the

    Kinematics forces producing motion: Relations applied Dynamics Kinetics v a B Kinematics: how fast, how far and how long the motion takes A
    Kinematics: e.g. Motion of rocket from position A to B only between position, velocity, acceleration and time Relation between unbalanced forces and the change in motion they produce

    Kinetics: What forces were involved to produce the motion? - Weight - Friction - Tension - Spring Force - Support Force How about the resulting acceleration?

    F
    Kinetics: e.g. Motion of pendulum ball applied by F

    9/23/2013

    Basic Concepts
    Particles: - a body of negligible dimensions - a body with dimensions irrelevant to the motion or the action of forces upon it B

    A Rigid Body:

    - important overall dimensions of the body or changes in position of the body - negligible deformation (change in shape) of the body
    Negligible spring deformation

    Equivalent Particle

    Rigid body

    Flexible Body: - deformed body under loads - beyond the scope of this course

    Newtons Laws of Motion


    These are fundamental laws relating forces and motion. Law I. A particle remains at rest or continues to move in a straight line with a constant velocity if there is no unbalanced force acting on it. F=0
    In equilibrium

    Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727)

    Law II. The acceleration of a particle is proportional to the resultant force acting on it and is in the direction of this force. F=ma
    Out of equilibrium

    Law III. The forces of action and reaction between interacting bodies are equal in magnitude, opposite in direction, and collinear. F F' F= F'

    Laws I and II are strictly true only in an absolute frame of reference (i.e. A particle does not accelerate for Law I and does not rotate for Law II)

    9/23/2013

    Law II (Most commonly used in dynamics) F=ma


    Where

    F: resultant force acting on a body (vector)


    m: mass of the body (scalar)

    a: the resulting acceleration of the body (vector)

    This equation relates applied forces (F) to the motion of a body (a).

    Fn

    F1

    m Fn-1 F4 F3

    F2

    F=F1+F2+F3+F4+..Fn-1+Fn=ma

    Motion can be constrained (forced to follow a specific path: e.g. car trip, train on tracks) or unconstrained (can move in any direction: e.g. aircraft flight path, trajectory of a ball after it is thrown)

    Train Running on Tracks Constrained Motion 2-D Coordinate Systems to Describe Motion: Rectangular coordinate (x, y) Polar coordinate (r,) t

    Tennis Ball Bouncing Unconstrained Motion y r x P

    n Normal (perpendicular) and Tangent (along the path) coordinates

    9/23/2013

    An Overview of Mechanics
    Mechanics: The study of how bodies react to forces acting on them.

    Statics: The study of bodies in equilibrium.

    Dynamics:
    1. Kinematics concerned with the geometric aspects of motion 2. Kinetics - concerned with the forces causing the motion

    Tips for solving dynamics problems


    1. Read the problem carefully and try to correlate the actual physical situation with the theory you have studied. 2. Draw any necessary diagrams and tabulate the problem data. 3. Establish a coordinate system and apply the relevant principles, generally in mathematical form. 4. Solve the necessary equations algebraically as far as practical; then, use a consistent set of units and complete the solution numerically. Report the answer with no more significant figures than the accuracy of the given data. 5. Study the answer using technical judgment and common sense to determine whether or not it seems reasonable. 6. Once the solution has been completed, review the problem. Try to think of other ways of obtaining the same solution

    9/23/2013

    Summary Questions
    1. In dynamics, a particle is assumed to have _________. A) both translation and rotational motions B) only a mass C) a mass but the size and shape cannot be neglected D) no mass or size or shape, it is just a point

    References:
    R.C. Hibbeler, Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics, SI 13th Edition, Prentice-Hall, 2012.

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