Isoloc 2012 - 1
Isoloc 2012 - 1
Isoloc 2012 - 1
Industrial Isoloc
The Isoloc system comprises essentially three groups of equipment to serve the following functions:a) Earthing of the supply system. b) Protection of the electrical system against over-voltages. c) Continuous monitoring of the earth insulation of the system.
The characteristics of the available OVER-VOLTAGE AND SHORT CIRCUIT SWITCHES are detailed below:
Insulation Monitor
This equipment is available in different forms to provide ease of adaption and fitting to suit any particular type of panel layout. TYPE SF 446: Completely enclosed in a double insulated dust proof enclosure complete with ohm-meter, test button, control buttons and auxiliary relays. TYPE SF 456: This unit comprises of two interior assemblies of the Type SF 446, but in one double insulted, dust proof enclosure. This unit is of particular use in a centralized motor control panel which has a primary supply at one voltage and a control supply at another voltage. The principle of operation is based on the Wheatstone Bridge system. With reference to Fig. 1, the three limbs of the Wheatstone Bridge comprise of two fixed resistances and one variable graduated resistor. The fourth limb of the Bridge constitutes the earth insulation of the system in series with an inductance of 150 H. a stabilized potential source powers the Bridge at a potential of 15 Volts D.C. The balance of the Bridge is measured by a polarized self resetting electro-magnetic relay to which is fitted the necessary visual and audible alarm contacts. A read-out instrument graduated in kilo ohms is tapped off one of the fixed resistances to provide continuous reading of the system earth insulation. Thus completely automatic supervision of the state of the system insulation is provided. The ohmmeter will indicate the value of the insulation, and show any deterioration. The calibrated potentiometer provides an adjustment of the threshold of the insulation at which the monitor will alarm. As the measuring system operates on D.C. it only responds to the resistive component of insulation. There is a slight time delay so that the monitor will not respond to transient faults and is self-resetting if the fault should again disappear. The monitor is so designed that relays are energized in the no-fault condition, thus providing fail to safety characteristics. In the Type SF 446 and 456 there is a built-in relay which will introduce a lower star point to earth impendence, brought in at will by depressing a button, but only when the monitor is alarmed. At this higher fault current of approximately 1 ampere, it is easy to locate the faulty circuit by simple core balance means.
FIG 1
Technical Data
Energizing Voltage Source Bridge Voltage Built-in Earthing Impendence Maximum Voltage of System that can be Monitored Ohmmeter Range Adjustable Alarm Threshold Response Time Alarm Contact Rating Alarm Voltage : 220 Volts approx. 15%, 50-60 Cycles : 15 Volts D.C. Stabilized : 47,000 ohms inductive at 50 Cycles : 600 Volts A.C. : 0-50 kilo ohms / infinity : 100 ohms to 5,000 ohms : 1-1.5 seconds : 2 N/O Contacts each 10 amps at 250 Volts A.C. : 220 Volts 50-60 Cycles
Hospitals
: Electricity supplies in operating theater and intensive care wards : Shipboard and shore to ship L.V. supplies
Ships
Industries
Hazardous Environment
The Isoloc 315M insulation monitor and earth fault current limiter, when used in conjunction with and isolated supply, provides a most advanced form of protection against electric shock due to earth leakage currents.
Construction
The unit is assembled in a high impact strength insulated enclosure with a transparent cover. Secured by two screws. The front panel carries the following components:1. An ohmmeter graduated from 0 to 50 kilo ohms to infinity (0 to 550 kilo ohms to infinity also available). The instrument provides a constant indication of the insulation resistance of the system. 2. A calibrated variable resistor for adjusting the threshold level of sensitivity from 100 to 5000. The resistance of the fault is clearly visible through the transparent cover. 3. A red signal lamp which lights when the alarm contacts are closed, and a green signal lamp which lights when the alarm contacts are open. 4. A test button which, on being depressed, introduces and artificial fault, thus providing means for checking the alarm circuit.
Operation
Each electrical installation to be monitored is supplied through a double wound transformer either three phase or single phase. In case of the single phase transformer, the 220-250 Volt secondary winding is provided with a centre tap connection,
The Isoloc 315 insulation monitor is connected between the star point of the three phase secondary winding (or centre tap of single phase secondary winding) and the system earth point. The insulation resistance between all the conductors and apparatus connected to the isolated supply and system earth forms one arm of a Wheatstone bridge arrangement, the bridge being incorporated in the Isoloc unit. A current limiting inductance is also incorporated in this arm of the bridge. The protective inductance (L on the diagram) limits the earth fault current to between 1 and 5 milliamperes (depending on value of inductance chosen and system voltage), thus affording a large measure of protection to persons using electrical apparatus and to the apparatus itself in the event of a short circuit to earth on one phase. The measuring bridge is supplied from an internal stabilized D.C. source, thus providing constant voltage to the measuring circuit irrespective of supply voltage fluctuations. A calibrated variable resistor connected in another arm of the bridge provides a means of adjusting the threshold level of operation of the alarm A relay R connection across the centre point of the bridge detects the point of balance and includes a temperature compensated transistorized trigger circuit which gives positive and precise operation even in the presence of vibrations. This circuit is arranged so that relay R is normally e nergized in the no fault condition and thus provides a fail to safety characteristic. During normal operation without any earth fault, the bridge is out of balance. In the case of an earth fault on any part of the connected electrical system where the insulation resistance is reduced to a value equal to or less that preset by the calibration threshold level control, the relay R drops out to initiate the alarm system. In addition, a graduated ohmmeter provides a continuous indication of the state of the insulation resistance to earth. Special protective devices in the interest of overall safety and reliability are incorporated as standard; for example, earth faults on d.c. side of a rectifier energized from any isolated supply are detected and the d.c. current limited.
Application
Hospitals
The increasing use of electrical and electronic apparatus in operating theatres and intensive care wards has introduced additional hazards to patients. With modern heart surgery where the myocardium is penetrated, our thinking in regard to safe voltages and minimum body electrical resistance must of necessity change. Where, previously, we thought in terms of 25 Volts as safe voltage (being minimum current necessary to cause ventricular fibrillation 80 to 100 milliamperes, x minimum body resistance 300 ohms, for a current path hand to hand to leg), under conditions of heart surgery we have to consider a minimum resistance of 100 ohms and fibrillating current of 20 micro amps or a maximum safe voltage of 20 millivolts between exposed metal probes and frames of various electrical apparatus. This would also apply in the case of externally energized pacemakers and probes embedded in a patient undergoing intensive care. By using an isolation transformer to supply all electrical equipment used in surgery and intensive card wards, firstly, there is a limitation on the short circuit fault current in the theatre or intensive care ward and, secondly, the fault current distribution is localized. The current limiting inductance inherent in the Isoloc 315M unit limits the fault current (even when complete insulation failure to earth occurs) to 1 to 2 milliamperes. By bonding the frames operating lamp, X-ray viewing box, operating table, portable electrical equipment, and the patient himself, to an equipotential earth bar it is ensured that even when an earth fault occurs on equipment during surgery the possibility of a dangerous potential occurring across the patient is eliminated. In an intensive care ward, the patient, bed, examination lamp and frames of portable electrical equipment are similarly bonded to an equipotential earth-bar. Electro-medical apparatus is often used to provide a life supporting function during an operation or in intensive care wards. The failure of supply to this apparatus could be fatal to the patient. Hence, the Isoloc 315M monitoring system with its current limiting feature, permits the supply to be maintained and safe even in the presence of an earth fault on the system. The alarm circuitry of the Isoloc 315M monitor can be connected to and audible alarm, alarm cancellation switch, and flashing visual alarm in the sisters duty room. A flashing visual alarm may also be provided in the operating theatre and intensive care ward. Before an operation takes place all electrical equipment to be used during the operation is connected to the isolated supply and the Isoloc 315M monitor will indicate if there is an earth fault on any of this apparatus. By disconnecting the apparatus in turn until the alarm ceases (the monitor is self-resetting) one is able to locate the faulty equipment and arrange for a healthy replacement. Should an earth fault develop during an operation during intensive care, one is able to carry on safely with the procedure until it is convenient to arrange for replacement equipment.
Ships
Electrical safety on board ship is of the utmost importance. Because the vessel forms an electrically conductive steel shell, and all services are enclosed therein, the possibility of dangerous electric currents flowing from exposed metalwork to earth is even more real than in a land based installation. Also, there is the ever present fire hazard due to earth leakage currents igniting inflammable fuel etc. it is for these reasons that Electrical Engineers are giving more and more attention to providing greater electrical safety where L.V. electrical systems are used in ships. An Isoloc 315M earth fault limiter and insulation monitor is installed in each L.V. switchboard to monitor the electrical resistance to earth of each busbar system and electrical equipment connected tot his system. As in the case of the hospital installation, the earth fault current is limited by means of an inductance to a few milliamperes, thus minimizing the fire risk. Audible and visual alarms may be arranged in convenient situations to draw the attention of electrical maintenance personnel to an earth fault on a particular busbar system.
Industries
The first shut-down of a continuous process plant due to and electrical fault is usually occasioned by an earth fault, and, invariably, an earth fault on the control circuitry as these circuits are usually more extensive than the power circuits, wandering as they do to limit switches, alarm lamps and control stations at remote parts of the plant. It is on these continuous process plants that the Isoloc monitoring system comes into it own, providing as it does, continuous monitoring of the system insulation and permitting the plant to continue safety with the first earth fault on the system.
Performance
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Gauteng Office 59A Roan Crescent, Corporate Park North, Old Pretoria Rd, Midrand 1685 P O Box 1810 Halfway House 1685 Tel Fax +27 (0)11 635 8000 +27 (0)11 635 8180
Cape Town Branch Unit 6B, Phumelela Park, Montague Drive, Montague Gardens Cape Town
Tel Fax
www.strike.co.za
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