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    Ink

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    Printing ink is a complex mixture of pigments, resins, oils or carriers, and additives combined in specific formulations for different printing applications. Pigments provide color, resins bind pigments to paper, oils transfer ink through presses, and additives control properties like viscosity. Carbon black is the typical pigment for black newsprint inks, while organic pigments like phthalocyanine are used for colors. Resins, oils, and additives vary depending on the printing process, but newsprint inks generally use non-drying oils that allow the ink to absorb into paper rather than dry. Proper formulations and manufacturing techniques are needed to produce quality inks on a large scale.

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    Ink

    Uploaded by

    kishanptl
    419 views3 pages
    Printing ink is a complex mixture of pigments, resins, oils or carriers, and additives combined in specific formulations for different printing applications. Pigments provide color, resins bind pigments to paper, oils transfer ink through presses, and additives control properties like viscosity. Carbon black is the typical pigment for black newsprint inks, while organic pigments like phthalocyanine are used for colors. Resins, oils, and additives vary depending on the printing process, but newsprint inks generally use non-drying oils that allow the ink to absorb into paper rather than dry. Proper formulations and manufacturing techniques are needed to produce quality inks on a large scale.

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    Printing ink is a complex mixture of pigments, resins, oils or carriers, and additives combined in specific formulations for different printing applications. Pigments provide color, resins bind pigments to paper, oils transfer ink through presses, and additives control properties like viscosity. Carbon black is the typical pigment for black newsprint inks, while organic pigments like phthalocyanine are used for colors. Resins, oils, and additives vary depending on the printing process, but newsprint inks generally use non-drying oils that allow the ink to absorb into paper rather than dry. Proper formulations and manufacturing techniques are needed to produce quality inks on a large scale.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    419 views3 pages

    Ink

    Uploaded by

    kishanptl
    Printing ink is a complex mixture of pigments, resins, oils or carriers, and additives combined in specific formulations for different printing applications. Pigments provide color, resins bind pigments to paper, oils transfer ink through presses, and additives control properties like viscosity. Carbon black is the typical pigment for black newsprint inks, while organic pigments like phthalocyanine are used for colors. Resins, oils, and additives vary depending on the printing process, but newsprint inks generally use non-drying oils that allow the ink to absorb into paper rather than dry. Proper formulations and manufacturing techniques are needed to produce quality inks on a large scale.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 3

    What is ink?

    Printing Ink is a complex mixture of ingredients that are combined in a specific


    formulation to meet desired characteristics of the printing application of the ink. This
    article will focus on no-heat printing ink formulations and how some of the raw
    materials are derived. Ingredients in no-heat inks fall into four major classifications:
    Pigments, Resins, Oils or Carriers, and
    Additives.

    The function of the pigment is to provide


    the coloristic properties of the ink. The
    resin is added as a dispersion aid and also
    as a binder to affix the pigment to the
    paper. The oil or carrier is the medium for
    transferring the pigment and resin through
    the press to the paper. Additives are used
    in no-heat inks to control pigment wetting
    and dispersion, viscosity and flow
    characteristics, as well as to provide a
    proper ink/water balance.

    To review these ingredients in more detail, let us look at some


    news ink formulations. Figure 2 shows typical black
    formulations for both the Web Offset and Letterpress printing
    techniques. The ingredients used in these types of
    formulations are both similar, however, they are different in
    concentration.

    The pigment used in news ink blacks is carbon black. Carbon


    black is produced by cracking oil in a continuous furnace.
    These furnaces are highly controlled in order to produce a
    specific grade of pigment varying in particle size and structure.
    The oil used is also of a specific grade so that certain
    requirements can be met.

    The ink film thickness applied by the printing application


    dictates the concentration of pigment needed to meet the
    required print density. As you can see from the typical
    formulations, the web offset ink has a higher concentration of
    pigment than that of the letterpress. This is because the letterpress printing process
    applies a much thicker film of ink than web offset.

    Resins for news ink vary depending on the rub off quality that an ink requires. The
    resins are the most expensive part of a news ink black, so their selection and
    concentration are limited by economic restraints. The oil or carriers used in today's
    news black are treated napthenic petroleum oils. Since these oils are non-drying the
    drying process of a news ink is by absorption of this oil into the paper stock. Changes
    in the absorption characteristics of the newsprint can drastically affect the rub off
    quality of the finished product also.

    The oils are non-drying under press conditions and are designed this way. Typically
    newspaper presses are not temperature controlled nor are the rollers washed up at
    the end of a run. If any volatile material was used, the ink would tend to dry on the
    roller train and cause problems. The heat set printing process by contrast uses
    volatile oils in their printing process. These oils are driven off the ink film by passing
    the printed web through an oven, thus leaving only the pigment and resins on the
    printed sheet. This explains why heat set inks have better rub off characteristics.

    Additives used in news black are from a variety of different materials. News ink black
    will require different viscosity or flow characteristics depending on the type of press
    used. The ink is also required to provide a proper emulsification rate so that the web
    offset printing process will work. If a formulation did not accept any fountain
    solution, the ink would not transfer to the plate and stripping would result. If an ink
    emulsified too much fountain solution, high dot gain and poor print quality would
    result. In extreme cases, ink would tend to go to the non-image area of a plate and
    scum.

    Figure 3 shows a typical color ink for a newspaper ink. The pigments used in news
    ink colors are what are classified as organic pigments. Organic pigments are
    synthetic materials that are formed under specific conditions to produce the desired
    characteristics of color and crystal size. The typical pigments used are
    Phthalocyanine blue for cyan, Lithol
    Rubine for magenta, and Diarylide
    yellow for yellow.

    Pigments for the printing ink industry


    are supplied in the form of heavy
    concentrated bases or "Flushes."
    In the normal course of pigment
    manufacture, the color pigment is
    produced in an aqueous
    environment resulting in a pigment
    suspension. After synthesis, the color
    pigment is filtered from the suspension
    and dried to produce dry color. In
    producing the flush color, the pigment is
    not fully dried. The water- based
    slurry is concentrated to
    approximately 20 to 30% pigment.
    The slurry at this point is called a presscake. Instead of going through the drying
    process, the presscake is mixed with an oil-based varnish. The two components are
    kneaded together in a mixer. The pigments have a greater affinity for the oil-based
    material. The water is "flushed" out or displaced by the varnish as the pigment
    migrates from the water phase into the oil. This process is continued until all the
    water is removed, thus creating the flushed color.

    The resins used for colors tend to be much cleaner in color than those used for black
    inks, so that the printed color can reflect its truer color. The oils used by the
    newspaper market today are from the vegetable family. The newspaper market
    found that the soy bean oil type formulations produced a better product for this
    application. Soy bean oil is a naturally renewable resource, which is extracted from
    the bean. The food industry also uses this type of oil in some of their products.
    Color printing inks also use extender pigments. These pigments are typically kaolin
    type clays and provide functional properties to a given formulation. The additives
    used in color inks are similar in nature to those in black inks.

    What is ink? We learned in this article that ink is comprised of various raw materials
    at specific proportions which are called formulas. When formulating quality
    newspaper inks, it is not only important to have the proper ingredients, but also the
    proper manufacturing and quality control techniques. When these parameters are
    optimized, the quality inks developed in the laboratory can be made on a much
    larger scale in production.

    Source : www.usink.com

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