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    6 - Lightning Protection of Wind Turbines - ERICHSEN

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    emy_mogos
    - Lightning protection is an important requirement for wind turbines according to industry standards like IEC 61400-24. Turbines must have a Lightning Protection System (LPS) to withstand direct and indirect lightning effects. - Standards recommend a Lightning Protection Level (LPL) I, the highest level of protection able to withstand lightning currents up to 200kA. However, the standards do not protect against flashes below 3kA, which can still damage blades. - Multiple lightning strokes were observed hitting four wind turbines simultaneously, demonstrating the need for robust lightning protection on all components. Tests are conducted to verify the protection provided by receptors on blades and other components.

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    6 - Lightning Protection of Wind Turbines - ERICHSEN

    Uploaded by

    emy_mogos
    160 views26 pages
    - Lightning protection is an important requirement for wind turbines according to industry standards like IEC 61400-24. Turbines must have a Lightning Protection System (LPS) to withstand direct and indirect lightning effects. - Standards recommend a Lightning Protection Level (LPL) I, the highest level of protection able to withstand lightning currents up to 200kA. However, the standards do not protect against flashes below 3kA, which can still damage blades. - Multiple lightning strokes were observed hitting four wind turbines simultaneously, demonstrating the need for robust lightning protection on all components. Tests are conducted to verify the protection provided by receptors on blades and other components.

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    6_Lightning Protection of Wind Turbines_ERICHSEN

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    - Lightning protection is an important requirement for wind turbines according to industry standards like IEC 61400-24. Turbines must have a Lightning Protection System (LPS) to withstand direct and indirect lightning effects. - Standards recommend a Lightning Protection Level (LPL) I, the highest level of protection able to withstand lightning currents up to 200kA. However, the standards do not protect against flashes below 3kA, which can still damage blades. - Multiple lightning strokes were observed hitting four wind turbines simultaneously, demonstrating the need for robust lightning protection on all components. Tests are conducted to verify the protection provided by receptors on blades and other components.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    160 views26 pages

    6 - Lightning Protection of Wind Turbines - ERICHSEN

    Uploaded by

    emy_mogos
    - Lightning protection is an important requirement for wind turbines according to industry standards like IEC 61400-24. Turbines must have a Lightning Protection System (LPS) to withstand direct and indirect lightning effects. - Standards recommend a Lightning Protection Level (LPL) I, the highest level of protection able to withstand lightning currents up to 200kA. However, the standards do not protect against flashes below 3kA, which can still damage blades. - Multiple lightning strokes were observed hitting four wind turbines simultaneously, demonstrating the need for robust lightning protection on all components. Tests are conducted to verify the protection provided by receptors on blades and other components.

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    Lightning protection of Wind Turbines

    Hans V. Erichsen
    hve@electricon.dk 2011-10-14 Serec, , Zurich, , Switzerland

    www.testinglab.dk

    Requirements for lightning protection of wind turbines


    All wind turbine manufactures claims that they fulfill the IEC 61400 61400-1; 1; Wind turbine generator systems - Part 1: Safety requirements . This standard claim that the wind turbine need to have a LPS (Lightning i ht i Protection t ti System) t ) These demands can be found in: IEC 61400-24, 2010 Wind Turbines Part 24: Lightning Protection. Requirements for lightning protection is based on both direct and indirect effects.

    Lightning flash parameters for wind turbine


    The Lightning Protection Level (LPL) is recommended by IEC 61400-24 61400 24 to be LPL I. Level I is the highest level of protection, where the maximum values of lightning current parameters relevant to LPL I will not be exceeded with a probability of 99 %.
    Lightning flash parameters Current parameter Peak current Flash charge Specific energy Average steepness Symbol I Qshort W/R di/dt Unit kA C MJ/ kA/s 200 300 10 200 LPL I

    According A di to t IEC 62305-1 62305 1 and d IEC 61400-24, 61400 24 LPL 1 goes from f 3 kA to t 200 kA. kA This Thi means that th t 1% of f all ll lightning li ht i has h a peak k current t lower that 3 kA and 1% higher than 200 kA. The IEC 62305-1 and IEC 61400-24 do not consider the lower levels of the other parameters such as Energy, Charge and di/dt. This also means that the wind turbine blades are not protected at the direct strike points against lightning flashes with a peak current lower that 3kA!

    Blade damages & Performance criteria


    Blade damages
    Cosmetic Wind turbine can run until next scheduled maintenance Blade damages need to be repaired before next scheduled maintenance

    Wind turbine performance criteria


    Run with out any disturbance's R t t itself Restart it lf after ft Lightning Li ht i event t Can not restart itself after Lightning event Need repairment before it can run again

    Lightning flashes to wind turbine


    Ground flash property
    90% downward 10% upward d

    Wind turbine (>100m height) flash property


    20% downward 80% upward
    D Downward d li lightning ht i

    Multiple p strokes
    The four towers in the picture are separated with a distance of 2.9 km, ranging in height from 121 to 191 m, developed upward leaders following a nearby positive cloud-to-ground (+CG) flash on 7/16/09 UT in Rapid City, South Dakota, USA

    +CG return stroke channel and self-propagating upward leaders developed from all four towers. Source: Observations of simultaneous multiple upward leaders from tall structures. Tom A. Warner -South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA. ICLP 2010.

    Attachment point point of stroke


    By use of the rolling sphere model, Lightning attachment points to the wind turbine will be defined. Blades attachment Hub attachment Nacelle attachment

    Lightning protection blades

    Wearing of attachment point


    The charge [C] or [As] of the lightning current wearing the attachment points. Blade receptors / attachment point can be particular exposed to charge wearing

    Down conduction
    Components and connections between different part of systems and main components is a part of the direct lightning protection system. system
    Lightning current will be distribute in all electrical conducting parts through the entire Wind Turbine.

    Requirements for protection of sub systems


    Mechanical parts Blade and blade bearings Nacelle and other Structural components Mechanical drive train and yaw system Focus is particular on:
    Main bearing(s) Gearbox DD Generator

    Lightning protection zoning (LPZ)


    LPZ can be divided into two categories LPZ for conducted surges
    Ideal location and integration of SPDs

    IEC 61400-24

    LPZ for induced effects


    Definition of equipment immunity levels Definition of required equipment shielding

    Requirements for protection of sub systems


    Electrical low low-voltage voltage systems and electronic systems and installations Surge protection Isolation withstand voltage level Induced effects
    Cables (Installation technique) Cabinets ( (Shielding g technique) q )
    Wires entering cabinet Electronic equipment

    Electronic equipment needs to have a immunity corresponding to the present environment (As minimum to fulfil EMC requirements, recommend to follow TR 50373 wind turbine; Electromagnetic Compatibility )

    Surge Protection Device (SPD)

    IEC 61400-24 Figure F2.

    IEC 62305-4 Figure C1.

    Indirect d ect e effects ects


    IEC 61400-24

    Requirements for protection of sub systems


    Electrical El t i l hi high-voltage h lt (HV) power systems t In configurations g operating p g on higher g voltage levels the fundamental protection principles must remain the same same.
    Transformer Generator G Switchgear

    Earthing systems and its integration with lightning protection


    The purpose of a external earthing systems is the following:

    Personal safety
    Step and tough voltage

    Functional safety
    Short circuit clearance

    Lightning Protection
    Current dissipation to earth

    Personal safety
    Personal safety
    Thunders storm warning Safe stay doing thunderstorms

    Verification Of The Safe Locations In A Wind Turbine During Thunderstorms; ICOLSE 2009

    Lightning Sensors
    Electricon is designing measurement systems to measure and analyze y lightning g g events. Sensors can be integrated into wind turbine applications

    Blade inspections

    Test and verification methods blades


    High-voltage strike attachment tests Initial leader attachment test Swept p channel attachment test

    High-current physical damage tests


    Arc entry test

    High-current physical damage tests

    High-voltage strike attachment tests

    High-voltage strike attachment tests

    Tak for opmrksomheden Sprgsml er meget velkommen!

    Thank you for your attention! Questions are welcome!

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