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Bridge Making Report Compressed

The structural report summarizes the design, testing, and failure of a model straw bridge. It describes three iterations of the model, with improvements made each time to strengthen areas that buckled under load. The final bridge used a truss design and bracing to support a load of 4.12kg before failing when a testing rig placed excessive stress on a member, causing it to buckle and the entire structure to collapse.

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Benjamin Youd
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83 views

Bridge Making Report Compressed

The structural report summarizes the design, testing, and failure of a model straw bridge. It describes three iterations of the model, with improvements made each time to strengthen areas that buckled under load. The final bridge used a truss design and bracing to support a load of 4.12kg before failing when a testing rig placed excessive stress on a member, causing it to buckle and the entire structure to collapse.

Uploaded by

Benjamin Youd
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Straw Bridge Project Structural Report

Henry Sykes Edward Higgins Eleanor Jolliffe Andre Ferdinand Richard Wallis Benjamin Youd

Preliminary Research and Form-Finding


Our ini ials designs were !ased around riangular forms" #ar icularly he s$uare !ased #yramid" as we knew hese worked well when used in a russ s ruc ure" and ha he riangle is he s ronges geome rical sha#e% &he design we hough !es was similar o Waddell's (A( &russ Bridge in )issouri" *SA Before we s ar ed cons ruc ing he model we knew ha we had o minimise he weigh of he !ridge whils ma+imising he s reng h% &o his end we decided o use hread in he sec ions ha were in ension when a load was a##lied and where #a#er s raws were no needed for rigidi y% &he hread we chose o use was normal #olyes er as his was jus as s rong as normal s ring" !u far ligh er% &o es he s reng h we #u as many i ems on he end of he s ring as we could find" his include a la# o# charger" a )ul i ool" and ,arious #ens and #encils% We e+#lored he fur her s ruc ural and aes he ic #ossi!ili ies of he russ !ridge hrough our model making #rocess% Model 1 *sing our designs we !egan work" he firs model can !e seen on he lef % &o es he design our original model was scaled o a##ro+ima ely -./0% &he !ridge managed o su##or one !o le of wa er !efore i showed any s rain% We disco,ered ha he legs !uckled when oo much weigh was a##lied% Howe,er" he o# #ar of s ruc ure was ,ery s rong and managed o hold nearly 1kg% &o 2m#ro,e. 2ncrease o ac ual -.10 scale o es more accura ely 2ncrease &hickness of main mem!ers Remo,e all unnecessary ension hreads )ore reinforcemen s of ac ual &russ Model 2 3egs again !uckled" #ar ially" we hink due o he #ressure of s ring on join s% 2n addi ion he leng h of he main mem!er was an issue as his mean ha we reached he com#ression limi of he s raws causing hem o !uckle" hus weakening he main s ruc ure% &o com!a his" we com!ined 4 s raws for he main mem!er rising o / a he !ase as well as increasing he !racing" howe,er his was insufficien as he s ruc ure s ill failed% &o 2m#ro,e 5ra russ or similar a each end for grea er su##or

S reng hen main mem!er" again% A em# o decrease hori6on al load !y increasing ,er ical com#onen 7 making a s ee#er a7frame% )ore !racing on main s ruc ure o reduce 8leng h' of long mem!er% Model 3 For he final !ridge we used four s raws com!ined ra her han hree for he main mem!ers% We decided ha he legs were he weakes #oin so we redesigned he !ridge o e+clude he lowes #ar % As his decreased he heigh we incor#ora ed a 5ra &russ s ruc ure in o he design allowing he !ridge o si he re$uired 1m a!o,e he wa er le,el% &o s#read he weigh of he !ridge across o he 5ra &russ we used s raws ins ead of hread for he wo !ase mem!ers" he cen ral !ase mem!er howe,er remained as s ring% We hen increased he mem!ers wi hin he main riangles o gi,e su##or o he legs% Finally we did a $uick load es o see if i would hold he se load9 he !ridge could hold wo large !locks of wood and wo !o les of wa er wi h ,ery li le s rain showing%

Construction echnology
We used hree me hods of join ing he s raws. 1 ! Mem"er #nds Where wo or more mem!ers end a he same join " we used a me hod of #inching he mem!ers o fla en hem" gi,ing a larger surface area" and hen gluing hem oge her%

2 ! Mid Mem"er Where one or more mem!ers end a he mid#oin of ano her mem!er" we rimmed he end o fi he sha#e of he o her mem!er" gi,ing a larger surface area and a closer fi % We hen glued hese join s oge her%

3 ! $onger Mem"ers Where one s raw wasn' long enough o form a mem!er" we crea ed a longer mem!er !y joining wo or more s raws oge her% We did his !y cu ing one s raw !y a!ou :cm o allow i o !e #ushed inside he ne+ s raw% We hen glued his and used masking a#e o su##or he join % When joining se,eral s raws in o a hree or more s raws mem!er" we misaligned he join s o a,oid weak s#o s%

Structural %nalysis

&he a!o,e diagram shows how we e+#ec he forces in our main russ o !eha,e" if each join of he russ is su!jec ed o a load of magni ude A and he join s where his russ mee s he su##or s ruc ure each ha,e an e$ual reac ion force% &his gi,es a o al downward load of ;A" herefore. 1R < ;A R < 4%:A &he ne+ diagrams show in de ail how each join !eha,es.

We e+#ec ha he 5ra !elow. $ong #le&ation

russes su##or ing he main russ o !eha,e as shown in he diagrams

Short #le&ation

'iagonal Mem"ers

#(pected Failure Mode


We hink our !ridge is mos likely o fail a one of four #oin s" such as he one circled on he diagram" where he !ase mem!er lea,es he su##or of he 5ra russ% We hink his !ecause as he load is increased a !ending momen is su!jec ed on he !o om mem!ers% &he 5ra russ su##or s he firs #ar of hese mem!ers and so hey are una!le o !end herefore he s raws will !uckle a his #oin and cause he !ridge o fail%

esting and %ctual Failure


&he !ridge managed o hold :%4:kg !efore failing% &he !ridge failed in one of he loca ions where he edge of ne ing su##or ing he es ing rig e+er ed a large load u#on one mem!er% As a resul " his mem!er e,en ually !uckled% Because of he !uckling" he weigh s shif ed causing he o##osi e side o also !uckle =!u lower down>" !efore se,eral o her mem!ers also !uckled%

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