LASIK (Laser Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis) :: Myopia

LASIK (Laser Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis ) : is a type of refractive surgery for the correction of myopia, hypermetropia, and astigmatism.
The most common laser vision correction procedure; it consists of creating a flap in the cornea with a microkeratome and using a laser to reshape the underlying cornea.
LASIK eye surgery is used to correct the following vision problems:
Myopia
Hyperopia
Astigmatism
Anatomy of the Eye :

Cornea
The cornea is sometimes referred to as the "window of the eye." It provides most of the focusing power when light enters your eye. The cornea is composed of five layers of tissue. The outer layer is the epithelium. This layer is made up of highly regenerative cells that allows for fast healing of superficial injuries. The two middle layers of the cornea provide strength, shape and structural stability to the eye. The two inside layers work to keep fluid out of the cornea and maintain its optical clarity. LASIK laser vision correction is performed on this part of the eye.
Lens
The lens is the clear structure located behind the iris. Its primary function is to provide finetuned focusing for near vision. The lens performs this function by altering its shape to become thinner or thicker as necessary. Between the ages of 40 and 50, the lens becomes less flexible and presbyopia sets in. As people reach their 60s or 70s, the lens can become cloudy and hard (cataract formation), preventing light from entering the eye.
Pupil
The pupil is the hole in the center of your iris (the colored part of your eye). The primary function of the pupil is to control the amount of light entering your eye. When you are in a bright environment, the iris constricts, causing the pupil to become smaller to allow less light to pass through. When it is dark, the pupil expands to allow more light to reach the back of your eye.
Iris
The iris provides the color of the eye (i.e. blue/green/brown/hazel). The iris main role is to control the size of the pupil through contraction or expansion.
Vitreous Body
This is the clear, gel-like substance located inside the eye's cavity. The purpose of the vitreous body is to provide a spherical shape to the eye. The vitreous may develop small clumps known as floaters. These are more common in nearsighted people than in the rest of the population.
Retina
The retina consists of fine nerve tissue that lines the inside wall of the eye and acts like the film in a camera. Its primary function is to transmit images to the brain. When your vision is perfect, the light rays coming into your eye focus precisely on this part of your eye.
Optic Nerve
The optic nerve carries electrical signals from the retina to the brain.
Sclera
The sclera is the white part of the eyes anatomy. The sclera's purpose is to provide structure, strength and protection to the eye.
Types of LASIK Eye Surgery

Everyones eyes are different. A pre-procedure consultation with your doctor will help determine the right type of laser eye surgery for you.
Custom LASIK is a laser vision correction procedure that helps your surgeon customize the laser treatment to your individual eyes. This procedure may result in your vision being clearer and sharper than ever before. Bladeless LASIK uses a gentle laser to create a precise, uniform corneal flap. As the name implies, no blades are used in this customizable eye surgery.
Wavefront Technology creates a customized map of the unique attributes of your visual system that transfers to the laser, enabling your LASIK surgeon to address your individual visual requirements. Wavefront technology is used in custom LASIK surgery, including custom bladeless LASIK.
Common Vision Problems : 1- Myopia :

Myopia (Nearsightedness) occurs when your eye is too long in relation to the curvature of your cornea. This causes light rays entering the eye to focus in front of the retina, producing a blurred image.
Below are the categories of severity for myopia:

Mild Myopia < -3.00 diopters Moderate Myopia -3.00 to -6.00 diopters Severe Myopia -6.00 to -9.00 diopters Extreme Myopia > -9.00 diopters
2- Hyperopia (farsightedness) : occurs when your

eye is too short in relation to the curvature of your cornea. With hyperopia, distant objects are seen more clearly than near objects.
Below are the categories of severity for hyperopia:
Mild Hyperopia < +2.00 diopters Moderate Hyperopia +2.00 to +4.00 diopters Severe Hyperopia +4.00 to +6.00 diopters Extreme Hyperopia > +6.00 diopters
3- Astigmatism: occurs when your cornea is shaped like an

egg. With astigmatism, more than one focal point within the eye distorts what you see. As a result, you experience a tilting of images due to the unequal bending of light rays entering your eyes.
Below are the categories of severity for astigmatism:

Mild Astigmatism < 1.00 diopters Moderate Astigmatism 1.00 to 2.00 diopters Severe Astigmatism 2.00 to 3.00 diopters Extreme Astigmatism > 3.00 diopters
4- Presbyopia : is a normal part of aging that becomes more

apparent as people approach their 40s and 50s. As the human body ages, the lens inside the eye grows like rings on a tree. It loses its elasticity, and therefore its ability to easily change focus, making it more difficult to read smaller print. Because LASIK and other forms of laser vision correction do not affect the lens of your eye, they cannot correct this problem. Nearsighted people who become presbyopic may require bifocals in their forties, and those who never needed glasses before may need reading glasses. Mild myopia counteracts presbyopia, which is why patients who are slightly myopic with presbyopia may still be able to read when they remove their glasses. LASIK surgery can treat myopia, but patients may need reading glasses for fine print to correct their presbyopia.
Candidate For LASIK Surgery:

LASIK Laser Eye Surgery Candidates
The best candidates for LASIK Eye Surgery are people with healthy eyes who have not had previous eye surgery and are looking to correct nearsightedness, farsightedness, or astigmatism. They must also have stable vision for at least a year. People with certain medical conditions and those taking certain medication may not be eligible for LASIK eye surgery. Some people with thin corneas may better be suited for other refractive procedures.
Drawbacks of LASIK Eye Surgery

According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), risks of LASIK eye surgery include:

Possibility of vision loss Under-correction or over-correction Glares, halos, or double vision may develop Not a good procedure for those with severe refractive errors of any type For some farsighted patients, results may diminish with age LASIK is still relatively new, which limits the amount of long-term data available Some people develop Dry Eye Syndrome as a side effect Monovision may develop LASIK becomes riskier when done on both eyes instead of one eye at a time
Surgical risks:
Surgical risks increase in people who have:

Vascular disease or autoimmune disease Diabetes Women who are pregnant, nursing, or planning to become pregnant within six months Active or recurrent eye disease, especially glaucoma Progressive myopia, hyperopia, or amblyopia (lazy eye) Use of some prescription and non-prescription drugs; notify eye doctor of all medications or supplements you have taken in the last month
Procedure :
How LASIK is Performed:
Step 1 & 2: A suction ring is centered over the cornea of the eye.
Step 3: The microkeratome creates a partial flap in the cornea of uniform thickness
Step 4: The corneal flap is folded back on the hinge exposing the middle portion of the cornea.
Step 5: The excimer laser is then used to remove tissue and reshape the center of the cornea.
Step 6,7 and 8 : In the final step, the hinged flap is folded back into its original position.
Reference :
TLC LASER EYE CENTER
Index : - title .1 - definition 2 - Anatomy of the Eye3-4

- Types of LASIK Eye Surgery..5 -Common Vision Problems6-7 - Candidate For LASIK Surgery..8
- Drawbacks of LASIK Eye Surgery.9
- Surgical risks10
- Procedure ...11-16
Reference .17
Student's work:
1-KHALAF ALKHALAF 2- AHMED AL-MULHEM 3-ABDULLAH AL-AMRI 4-MUAATH ALSHEHELI 5-FAWAZ ALABDAN 6-ABDULAZIZ ALDOHAISHE 7 - ABDULAZIZ FAQIHI
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LASIK (Laser Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis ) : is a type of refractive surgery for the correction of myopia, hypermetropia, and astigmatism.

LASIK eye surgery is used to correct the following vision problems:

Anatomy of the Eye :

Types of LASIK Eye Surgery

Common Vision Problems : 1- Myopia :

Below are the categories of severity for myopia:

2- Hyperopia (farsightedness) : occurs when your

Below are the categories of severity for hyperopia:

3- Astigmatism: occurs when your cornea is shaped like an

Below are the categories of severity for astigmatism:

4- Presbyopia : is a normal part of aging that becomes more

Candidate For LASIK Surgery:

Drawbacks of LASIK Eye Surgery

How LASIK is Performed:

TLC LASER EYE CENTER

Index : - title .1 - definition 2 - Anatomy of the Eye3-4

434029608 434023469 434029783 434030505 434000042 434029391 434029388

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