Turbidites
Turbidites
Turbidites
By Jesse Powers
http://pangea.stanford.edu/research/SPODDS/Public/chingueOverview.jpg
Outline
Turbidites
Description Environment Submarine Fans Lithology Bouma Sequence Structures
Graded Beds Cross Beds Convoluted Laminations Channel Scours
Turbidites
Defined as the deposit of a turbidity current Typically associated with Deep ocean environments Each Couplet is the result of a single shot-lived event
http://www.maine.gov/doc/nrimc/mgs/explore/bedrock/sites/mar01-3.htm
http://www.enres.nl/Images/turbidites.jpg
Couplets are composed of two rocktypes: Arenites (sandstone) and lutites (mudstones) Tops are easily determined within turbidite facies
Depositional Environment
http://www.mie.utoronto.ca/labs/lcdlab/biopic/fig/57.11.jpg
Submarine Fans
Similar to alluvial fans, submarine fans are gravity feed debris flows down the continental slope Stretch for hundreds of miles out into the abyssal plane and can contain hundreds of cubic ft. of sediment Consist of olistholiths, olistostromes, and trubidites
http://www.letras.up.pt/geograf/geofis/turbidites.JPG
http://instruct.uwo.ca/earth-sci/200a-001/07turbidity.jpg
Congo River
Congo, Africa
http://www.aquatic.uoguelph.ca/oceans/AtlanticOceanWeb/Images/grand_banks.jpg http://eur.i1.yimg.com/eur.yimg.com/ng/mo/allocine_films/20060405/01/3345713940.jpg
Magdalena River
Columbia, South America
http://www.poledakar.org/IMG/gif/africa_congo.gif
http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/sharemed/targets/images/pho/t287/T287810A.jpg
http://www.cimcool.ca/html/columbia/images/SouthAmerica_Colombia_000.jpg
Bouma Sequence
A E D C B Muds (pelagic and hemipelagic) Laminated Silts Cross Beds (lower flow regime) Laminated sands (upper flow regime) A Graded beds (upper flow regime) Sole Marks (flutes and grooves)
http://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/fichter/SedRx/subfan.html
Graded Bedding
A fining upward within a individual layer or couplet
http://www.winona.edu/geology/MRW/mrwimages/gradedbedding.jpg
http://www.maine.gov/doc/nrimc/mgs/explore/bedrock/sites/mar01-4.htm
Cross Laminations
http://www.answersingenesis.org/Home/Area/Magazines/images/252crossbed_dia.jpg
Convoluted Laminations
http://www.depauw.edu/acad/geosciences/tcope/SedStruct/HiRes/ConvoluteClimbingRipples.jpg
Channel Scours
http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/geolsci/dlr/laingsburg/lng21.JPG
Rip-up clasts
http://instruct.uwo.ca/earth-sci/200a-001/423stobiestaur.jpg
Bald Mt.
Devonian ~400ma
NW
SE
Silurian ~440ma
Bald Mt. part of Day Mt. formation, a sub-group of the Seboomook formation Couplets have been metamorphosed into metagreywackes and garnet- staurolite- schists
http://www.maine.gov/doc/nrimc/mgs/explore/bedrock/sites/mar01-2.htm
Variety of bed thicknesses along the Mt. possibly suggest different depositional depths? Or thinning due to metamorphism?
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