Bunt_9780307352071_5p_00_r1.

qxp 7/10/09 1:03 PM Page ii

JO H N B U N T I N
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_00_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:03 PM Page iii

L.A.
Mo
Noir
The Struggle
for the Soul
of America’s
s t S e d u c t i v e City

ks / New York
Harmony Boo
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_00_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:03 PM Page iv

Copyright © 2009 by John Buntin

All rights reserved.

Published in the United States by Harmony Books, an imprint of the
Crown Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York.
www.crownpublishing.com

Harmony Books is a registered trademark and the Harmony Books

colophon is a trademark of Random House, Inc.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available upon

request.

ISBN 978-0-307-35207-1

Printed in the United States of America

DESIGN BY ELINA NUDELMAN

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

First Edition

www.HarmonyBooks.com
 To purchase a copy of 

L.A. Noir 
 
visit one of these online retailers: 
 
Amazon 
 
Barnes & Noble 
 
Borders 
 
IndieBound 
 
Powell’s Books 
 
Random House 

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_00_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:03 PM Page vii

Contents

Prologue ix

part one/ The Fallen City

1: The Mickey Mouse Mafia 3
2: The “White Spot” 12
3: The Combination 22
4: The Bad Old Good Old Days 32

part two/ The Struggle for Authority

5: “Jewboy” 43
6: Comrade Bill 50
7: Bugsy 59
8: Dynamite 70
9: Getting Away with Murder (Inc.) 82
10: L.A. Noir 94
11: The Sporting Life 112

part three/ The Enemy Within

12: The Double Agent 123
13: Internal Affairs 136

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_00_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:03 PM Page viii

viii Contents
14: The Evangelist 150
15: “Whiskey Bill” 157
16: Dragnet 178
17: The Trojan Horse 194
18: The Magna Carta of the Criminal 201
19: The Enemy Within 215

part four/ All the Way or Nothing

20: The Mike Wallace Interview 229
21: The Electrician 245
22: Chocolate City 252
23: Disneyland 265
24: Showgirls 273
25: The Muslim Cult 289
26: The Gas Chamber 300
27: Watts 306
28: R.I.P. 326

Epilogue 333
Acknowledgments 345
Notes 349
Select Bibliography 391
Credits 407
Index 409

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_00_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:03 PM Page ix

Prologue

OTHER CITIES have histories. Los Angeles has legends. Advertised to the
world as the Eden at the end of the western frontier, the settlement the
Spaniards named El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles
turned out to be something very different—not the beatific Our Lady the
Queen of the Angels advertised by its name but rather a dark, dangerous
blonde.

She got up slowly and swayed towards me in a tight black dress that
didn’t reflect any light. She had long thighs and she walked with a cer-
tain something I hadn’t often seen in bookstores. She was an ash
blonde. . . .
Her smile was tentative, but could be persuaded to be nice.
—Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep

For more than sixty years, writers and directors from Raymond Chan-
dler and Billy Wilder to Roman Polanski and James Ellroy have explored
L.A.’s origins, its underbelly, and (yes) its blondes in fiction and films like
The Big Sleep, Double Indemnity, Chinatown, and L.A. Confidential. In the
process, they created the distinctive worldview known as noir, where
honor is in short supply and where Los Angeles invariably proves to be a
femme fatale. Yet this preoccupation with a mythic past has obscured some-
thing important—the true history of noir Los Angeles.
For more than forty years, from Prohibition through the Watts riots,
politicians, gangsters, businessmen, and policemen engaged in an often-
violent contest for control of the city. Their struggle shaped the history of

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_00_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:03 PM Page x

x Prologue
Los Angeles, the future of policing, and the course of American politics. In
time, two primary antagonists emerged. The first was William H. Parker,
Los Angeles’s greatest and most controversial chief of police. His nemesis
was Los Angeles’s most colorful criminal, featherweight boxer-turned-
gangster Mickey Cohen.

IN 1920 Los Angeles surpassed San Francisco as California’s largest

city. It was a moment of triumph for Los Angeles Times publisher Harry
Chandler, who had arrived four decades earlier when the city of angels
was a dusty, water-starved pueblo of ten thousand souls. Chandler and his
associates worked tirelessly to build a metropolis, relentlessly promoting
the fledgling city and ruthlessly securing the water needed to support it (a
campaign made famous by the film Chinatown). Yet 1920 was also the year
that witnessed the emergence of a major threat to their authority. The
threat came from Prohibition. For years, Harry Chandler and the so-called
business barons had supplied local politicians with the advertising, the pub-
licity, and the money they needed to reach the city’s new residents. In ex-
change, they gained power over the city government. But with the imposition
of Prohibition, a new force appeared with the money and the desire to pur-
chase L.A.’s politicians: the criminal underworld. To suppress it, the business
community turned to the Los Angeles Police Department. The underworld
also looked to the LAPD—for protection.
In 1922, Bill Parker and Mickey Cohen entered this drama as bit players
in the struggle for control of Los Angeles. In 1937, Parker emerged as a
protégé of Los Angeles’s top policeman while Mickey became the enforcer
for L.A.’s top gangster. In 1950, they became direct rivals, each dedicated to
the other’s destruction. Two characters more different from each other
would be hard to imagine. Parker arrived in Los Angeles in 1922 from
Deadwood, South Dakota, a proud, ambitious seventeen-year-old, one of
the tens of thousands of migrants who were moving west to Southern Cal-
ifornia in what the journalist Carey McWilliams described as “the largest
internal migration in the history of the American people.” He hoped to fol-
low in the footsteps of his grandfather, a pioneering prosecutor on the
western frontier, and make a career for himself in the law. But instead of
opportunity, Parker found in Los Angeles temptation. Instead of becom-
ing a prominent attorney, he became a cop, a patrolman in the Los Angeles
Police Department. Coldly cerebral (Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry,
a onetime LAPD officer and Parker speechwriter, reputedly based the
character Mr. Spock on his former boss), intolerant of fools, and famously

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_00_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:03 PM Page xi

Prologue xi

incorruptible (in a department that was famously corrupt), Parker perse-

vered. Gradually he rose. Between 1934 and 1937, he masterminded a cam-
paign to free the police department from the control of gangsters and
politicians, only to see his efforts undone by a blast of dynamite and a sen-
sational scandal. Then, in 1950, another scandal (this one involving 114
Hollywood “pleasure girls”) made Parker chief of the Los Angeles Police
Department, a position he would hold for sixteen controversial years.
In contrast, Mickey Cohen wasn’t troubled by self-examination until
much later in life (when he would grapple with the question of going
“straight”). Born Meyer Harris Cohen in 1913 in the Brownsville section
of Brooklyn, Mickey arrived in Los Angeles with his mother and sister at
the age of three. By the age of six, he was hustling newspapers on the
streets of Boyle Heights. At the age of nine, he began his career in armed
robbery with an attempt to “heist” a movie theater in downtown L.A.
using a baseball bat. His talent with his fists took the diminutive brawler to
New York City to train as a featherweight boxer. His skill with a .38 took
him into the rackets, first in Cleveland, then in Al Capone’s Chicago. In
1937, Mickey returned to Los Angeles to serve as gangster Benjamin
“Bugsy” Siegel’s right-hand man. It was a job that put him on a collision
course with Bill Parker.
For three decades, from the Great Depression to the Watts riots, Parker
and Cohen—the policeman and the gangster—would engage in a struggle
for power, first as lieutenants to older, more powerful men, then directly
with each other, and finally with their own instincts and desires. In 1956,
Chief Parker’s war against Mickey Cohen and organized crime in L.A. at-
tracted the attention of a young Senate investigator with political ambitions
named Robert Kennedy. It also antagonized FBI director J. Edgar Hoover
and created an extralegal, wiretap-driven style of policing that eerily prefig-
ures the tactics being used in today’s war on terror. In the 1960s, it would
incite the Watts riots and help propel Ronald Reagan into the governor’s
mansion in Sacramento. Their contest would involve some of the most
powerful—and colorful—figures of the twentieth century: press magnates
Harry Chandler and his nemesis, William Randolph Hearst; studio head
Harry Cohn of Columbia; entertainers Jack Webb, Frank Sinatra, Lana
Turner, and Sammy Davis Jr.; and civil rights leaders Malcolm X and Mar-
tin Luther King Jr. The outcome of their struggle would change the history
of Los Angeles, set race relations in America on a dangerous new path, and
chart a problematic course for American policing.
Parker and Cohen’s struggle for control of the city also changed them.
Ultimately, like any good noir tale, the story of the rivalry between the

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_00_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:03 PM Page xii

xii Prologue
young hoodlum with a second-grade education who became the king of
the L.A. underworld and the obstinate young patrolman from Deadwood
who created the modern LAPD brings us back to the question that Los An-
geles always seems to pose: Is Our Lady the Queen of the Angels the dark
angel, or do we simply bring our own darkness to her?

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_01_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:05 PM Page 1

part one/

The Fallen City

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_01_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:05 PM Page 3

The Mickey Mouse Mafia

“[A] dead- rotten law enforcement setup rules
in this county and city with an iron hand.”
—LAPD Sgt. Charlie Stoker, 1950

MICKEY COHEN was not a man used to being shaken down. Threatened
with handguns, blasted with shotguns, strafed on occasion by a machine
gun, yes. Firebombed and dynamited, sure. But threatened, extorted—hit
up for $20,000—no. Anyone who read the tabloids in post–World War II
Los Angeles knew that extortion was Mickey’s racket, along with book-
making, gambling, loan-sharking, slot machines, narcotics, union agita-
tion, and a substantial portion of the city’s other illicit pastimes. In the
years following Benjamin “Bugsy” Siegel’s ill-fated move to Las Vegas,
Mickey Cohen had become the top mobster on the West Coast. And the
tart-tongued, sharp-dressed, pint-sized gangster, whom the more circum-
spect newspapers described tactfully as “a prominent figure in the sport-
ing life world,” hadn’t gotten there by being easily intimidated—certainly
not by midlevel police functionaries. Yet in October 1948 that is precisely
what the head of the Los Angeles Police Department vice squad set out
to do.
Cohen was no stranger to the heat. During his first days in Los Angeles as
Bugsy Siegel’s enforcer, he had been instructed to squeeze Eddy Neales, the
proprietor of the Clover Club. Located on the Sunset Strip, an unincorpo-
rated county area just outside of Los Angeles city limits, the Clover Club
was Southern California’s poshest gaming joint. It reputedly paid the L.A.
County Sheriff ’s Department a small fortune for protection. The squad that
provided it, led by Det. George “Iron Man” Contreras, had a formidable rep-
utation. People who crossed it died. According to Cohen, one member of
the unit had been the triggerman on eleven killings. So when Neales sicced
Contreras’s men on Cohen, he undoubtedly expected that the sheriff ’s men
would scare Mickey stiff.
Contreras tried. Cohen was picked up and brought in to receive a

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_01_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:05 PM Page 4

4 John Buntin
warning: If he didn’t lay off Neales, the next warning would come in the
form of a bullet to the head.
Mickey wasn’t impressed. A few nights later, he sought out Contreras’s
top gunman.
“I looked him up and said to him, ‘Let me tell you something: to me
you’re no cop. Being no cop I gotta right to kill you—so come prepared. The
next time I see you coming to me I’m going to hit you between the eyes.’ ”
It was an effective warning. “He felt I was sincere,” Mickey later re-
ported. The cops backed down. Until now.

THE FACT OF THE MATTER was, Mickey Cohen was in an un-

characteristically vulnerable position that fall. Two months earlier, on
Wednesday, August 18, as Cohen was putting the final touches on his
newest venture, a swank men’s clothing shop on Sunset Boulevard named
Michael’s Haberdashery, three gunmen had charged into the store and
opened fire, wounding two Cohen henchmen and killing his top gunman,
Hooky Rothman. Mickey himself was in the back bathroom washing his
hands, something the obsessive-compulsive gangster did fifty or sixty times
a day. Trapped, he hid in a stall, atop a toilet, awaiting his death. But instead
of checking to see that they’d gotten their man—item number one on the
professional hitman’s checklist—the gunmen fled. A few minutes later the
incredulous driver of the gunmen’s crash car saw Mickey scurry to safety
out the front door.
Cohen had survived, but great damage had been done. As Siegel shifted
his attention to Las Vegas, Mickey had taken over his old boss’s Los Ange-
les operations—as well as Siegel’s organized crime connections back East.
The attempted hit on Cohen not only showed that Mickey was vulnerable,
it suggested that Bugsy’s powerful friends had no particular commitment
to his protégé’s survival. In short, Mickey looked weak, and in the under-
world, weakness attracts predators. So when the head of the LAPD admin-
istrative vice squad called just weeks after the attempted rub-out to inform
Cohen that they “had him down for a ten to twenty thousand dollar con-
tribution” for the upcoming reelection campaign of incumbent mayor
Fletcher Bowron, Mickey knew what was happening. This was not an op-
portunity for good, old-fashioned graft: Bowron had devoted his career to
eradicating the underworld. Rather, this was a sign that the vice squad now
viewed him as prey rather than predator.
“Power’s a funny thing,” Cohen would later muse. “Somebody calls
your hole card, and [if you can’t show you aren’t bluffing] it’s like a dike—
one little hole can blow the whole thing.”

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_01_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:05 PM Page 5

L.A. Noir 5

Paying would only confirm his weakness. Cohen refused.

Administrative vice’s response was not long in coming. Just after mid-
night on the evening of January 15, 1949, five officers watched two Cadil-
lacs depart from Michael’s Haberdashery. They set off in pursuit. At the
corner of Santa Monica and Ogden Drive, two miles west of Los Angeles
city limits, the police pulled over the Cadillac containing Cohen, his driver,
and Harold “Happy” Meltzer, a sometime Cohen gunman who also had a
jewelry shop in the same building as Cohen’s haberdashery. A firearm was
conveniently found on Meltzer, who was arrested. (It later disappeared, mak-
ing it impossible to determine whether or not the gun had been planted.)
Several days later, Mickey received a phone call offering to settle matters for
$5,000. The vice squad was sending Cohen one last message: Hand over the
cash or the gloves come off.
Mickey was furious. For years he had helped cops who got injured on
the job and dispensed Thanksgiving turkeys to families in need at division
captains’ request. He’d given municipal judges valuable horse tips. He’d
wined and dined the administrative vice squad’s commanding officers, Lt.
Rudy Wellpot and Sgt. Elmer Jackson, at the Brown Derby and Dave’s Blue
Room, presented their girlfriends with expensive gifts, and treated them as
VIPs at his nightclub-hangout on Beverly Boulevard, Slapsie Maxie’s.
The police had responded by breaking into his new house in Brentwood,
stealing his address books, and swaggering around town with almost un-
bearable arrogance, routinely telling waiters who arrived with the check at
the end of evening to “send it to Mickey Cohen.” It was time to teach the
LAPD a lesson it would never forget about who was running this town.
The vice squad had called his hole card; now Mickey would show them he
was holding the equivalent of a pair of bullets (two aces)—in the form of
a recording that tied the vice squad to a thirty-six-year-old redheaded ex-
prostitute named Brenda Allen.

BRENDA ALLEN was Hollywood’s most prosperous madam, in

part because she was so cautious. Rather than take on the risks that came
with running a “bawdy house,” Allen relied on a telephone exchange service
to communicate with her clients, clients who were vetted with the utmost
care. While Allen would occasionally insert chaste ads in actors’ directories
or distribute her phone number to select cabbies, bartenders, and bellhops,
she prided herself on serving the crème de la crème of Los Angeles. It was
rumored that she even ran a Dun & Bradstreet check on prospective cus-
tomers to ensure their suitability. Those who were accepted were rewarded
with Allen’s full and carefully considered attention. All of her girls were

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_01_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:05 PM Page 6

6 John Buntin
analyzed as to their more intimate characteristics, which were then care-
fully noted on file cards for cross-tabulation with her clients’ preferences.
The selection Allen offered was considerable. By 1948, she had 114 “plea-
sure girls” in her harem. She also had a most unusual partner and lover:
Sergeant Jackson of the LAPD administrative vice squad, the same police-
man who was trying to shake down Mickey Cohen.
Needless to say, Sergeant Jackson’s connection to Brenda Allen was not
common knowledge. Even someone as well informed as Mickey Cohen
might never have learned of it—but for the fact that another member of the
police department had recently blackmailed Mickey with a transcription of
certain sensitive conversations that Mickey had conducted at home. The
shakedown tipped Mickey off to the fact that the LAPD had gotten a bug
into his house. So he asked his friend Barney Ruditsky for help. Ruditsky, a
former NYPD officer, was now Hollywood’s foremost private eye. He spe-
cialized in documenting the infidelities of the stars (then as now, a business
that relied heavily on illegal electronic surveillance). Cohen asked Ruditsky if
he could recommend someone to sweep his house in Brentwood for eaves-
dropping devices. Ruditsky could: an electronics whiz named Jimmy Vaus.
Vaus found the bug, and Mickey hired him on the spot. Soon thereafter, Vaus
let Mickey in on a little secret: He was also a wiretapper for a sergeant on the
Hollywood vice squad. Vaus told Cohen he had recordings linking Sergeant
Jackson to Brenda Allen. That information was Cohen’s ace in the hole. He
decided to play it at henchman “Happy” Meltzer’s trial.
The trial began on May 5, 1949. In his opening statement, attorney Sam
Rummel laid out Meltzer’s defense. “We will prove through testimony that
the two men first sought $20,000, then $10,000, then $5,000 from Cohen
in return for their promise to quit harassing him,” Rummel declared. As a
defense, this was ho-hum stuff: Gangsters were always insisting they’d
been framed. But when Cohen appeared with “sound expert” Jimmy Vaus
and a mysterious sound-recording machine, the press took notice, especially
after Cohen confidentially informed them that he had recordings that would
“blow this case right out of court.”
The timing of Cohen’s accusation was potentially explosive. Incumbent
mayor Fletcher Bowron was up for reelection on June 1. The mayor had
based his entire reelection campaign on his record of keeping Los Angeles’s
underworld “closed” and the city government clean. Now Mickey was
claiming that he had evidence that would show that senior police officials
were on the take. Fortunately for Mayor Bowron, most of the city’s news-
papers strongly supported his reelection. So did the county grand jury im-
paneled every year to investigate municipal wrongdoing. A mistrial was
hastily declared. Cohen’s allegations received only light coverage. Mayor

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_01_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:05 PM Page 7

L.A. Noir 7

Bowron was handily reelected. Only then did the Los Angeles Daily News
break the story: BIG EXPOSÉ TELLS VICE, POLICE LINK: INSIDE STORY TELLS
BRENDA’S CLOSE RELATIONS WITH THE POLICE, BY SGT. CHARLES STOKER!
It turned out that Vaus’s contact on the Hollywood vice squad, Sgt.
Charles Stoker, had gone before the criminal complaints committee of the
county grand jury the day before Cohen and Vaus showed up in court with
the wire recordings. There Stoker had told the committee about overhear-
ing Brenda Allen’s conversations with Sergeant Jackson. It then emerged
that Sgt. Guy Rudolph, confidential investigator for the chief of police, had
gotten wind of Jackson’s connection to Allen fourteen months earlier
and had asked police department technician Ray Pinker to set up another
wiretap. But that investigation had mysteriously stalled, and the recordings
had then disappeared.
Spurred by these revelations and by Cohen’s charges, the county grand
jury opened an investigation. In mid-June it began subpoenaing police offi-
cers. Chief Clarence B. Horrall insisted that he had never been informed of
the allegations swirling around the vice squad; high-ranking officers
stepped forward to insist that he had been. Brenda Allen volunteered that
Sergeants Stoker and Jackson had both been on the take. The head of the
LAPD gangster squad abruptly retired. Every day brought a new revela-
tion. The Daily News revealed that the LAPD had broken into Mickey’s
house in Brentwood and installed wiretaps. Columnist Florabel Muir ac-
cused Mayor Bowron of personally authorizing the operation and implied
that the transcriptions were being used for purposes of blackmail. Shame-
faced, Mayor Bowron and Chief Horrall were forced to concede that they
had OK’d a break-in. What was worse was that no charges against Cohen
had come of it. On June 28, Chief Horrall announced his retirement. One
month later, the grand jury indicted Lieutenant Wellpot, Sergeant Jackson,
Asst. Chief Joseph Reed, and Chief of Police C. B. Horrall for perjury. Cohen
had won his bet—if he could survive to collect.

JUST A FEW WEEKS LATER , Mickey was driving home to his

house in Brentwood for dinner with his wife, LaVonne, and the actor
George Raft. Mickey had outfitted his $150,000 home at 513 Moreno Avenue
with the most advanced security gear of the time, including an “electronic
eye” that could detect intruders and trigger floodlights. The goal was to il-
luminate anyone who approached the house. But of course the security sys-
tem also illuminated him when he got home in the evening. This was a
serious problem when there was a hitman hiding in the empty lot next
door, as there was that night.

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_01_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:05 PM Page 8

8 John Buntin
As Mickey started to swing into his driveway and the lights came on, the
gunman opened fire, pumping slugs into Mickey’s car. Mickey dropped to
the floorboard. Without looking over the dashboard, he wrenched his blue
Caddy back onto the road and floored it. He made it about two blocks before
beaching the car on a curb. Fortunately, the gunman was gone. So Mickey
went home. Despite bleeding from cuts inflicted by the shattered glass,
Mickey waved off the questions about what had happened and insisted on
proceeding with dinner—New York strip and apple pie, Raft’s favorite. The
actor would later say that Mickey had looked “a little mussed up.”
Cohen didn’t report the matter to the police. (Why advertise his vulner-
ability further?) The attack might never have come to light but for a tip
from Cohen’s auto-body shop to the police . . . and Mickey’s decision to
commission a $25,000 armored Cadillac and test it at the police academy
firing range. When the press broke the story, Cohen replied nonchalantly,
“Well, where else? You can’t test it [by opening fire] . . . on the street for
Christ’s sake!” Posed before his massive new armored car, the sad-eyed,
five-foot-three-inch gangster (five-foot-five in lifts) looked like nothing so
much as Mickey Mouse. Gangsters in other cities marveled about Mickey’s
good luck—and sniggered about L.A.’s “Mickey Mouse Mafia.”
Still, someone clearly was trying to kill him, albeit rather ineptly. It
might have seemed like a good time to lie low. But that was a feat Cohen
seemed constitutionally incapable of. Thanks to the tabloids, Mickey was a
celebrity, one of the biggest in town, and he acted the part, courting the press,
squiring “budding starlets” around town (although in private his tastes in-
clined more to exotic dancers), and frequenting hot nightclubs like Ciro’s,
the Trocadero, and the Mocambo.
The evening of Tuesday, July 19, 1949, was a typical one for Mickey.
After dining with Artie Samish, chief lobbyist for the state’s liquor inter-
ests and one of the most powerful men in Sacramento, Mickey and his
party of henchmen, starlets, and reporters repaired to one of his favorite
hangouts, Sherry’s, a nightclub on the Sunset Strip that was owned by his
friend Barney Ruditsky. Standing watch outside was a curious addition to
Mickey’s crew: Special Agent Harry Cooper, from the state attorney gen-
eral’s office. After the attempted hit at Michael’s Haberdashery, the L.A.
County Sheriff ’s Department had insisted—somewhat counterintuitively—
on disarming Cohen’s men and checking them frequently for weapons, to
make sure they stayed unarmed. As a result, Mickey was essentially un-
protected. Samish had arranged to provide a little extra protection in the form
of Special Agent Cooper.
By 3:30 a.m., Mickey was ready to call it a night. Ruditsky went outside
and did a quick sweep of the parking lot. Everything looked clear. Two of

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_01_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:05 PM Page 9

L.A. Noir 9

Cohen’s men went to bring around his Cadillac (one of the regular ones,
Mickey being embroiled in a dispute with the California Highway Patrol
about the excessive weight of his armored car). A valet went to get Cohen
pal Frankie Niccoli’s Chrysler, and at 3:50 a.m., Mickey and his party
stepped outside. Almost immediately a shotgun and a high-powered .30-06
rifle opened up from an empty lot across the street, and members of Mickey’s
party started to drop.
One of them was newspaper columnist Florabel Muir, who had been lin-
gering inside over the morning paper as Mickey’s party exited. Muir (who
frankly admitted to hanging around Mickey in hopes that some shooting
would start) now charged outside, into the gunfire. One of Cohen’s top thugs,
Neddie Herbert, had been hit and was lying wounded on the ground. Special
Agent Cooper was staggering about, clutching his stomach with one hand
and waving his pistol with the other. Then Muir saw Mickey, “right arm
hung limp, and blood spreading on his coat near the shoulder” running to-
ward Cooper. With his one good arm Cohen grabbed the sagging six-foot-
tall lawman and stuffed him into Niccoli’s Chrysler. Cohen piled in as well,
and the Chrysler zoomed off—to the Hollywood Receiving Hospital. Thanks
to Mickey’s quick reaction, Cooper lived. The more seriously wounded Her-
bert wasn’t so fortunate; he died four days later. Mickey himself escaped with
only a shoulder wound. Florabel Muir got her exclusive, along with a sprin-
kling of buckshot in her bottom.
Later that night, policemen found automatic Savage and Remington
shotguns in the empty lot across the street from Sherry’s. A ballistics test
determined that the buckshot slugs used were standard-issue police riot-
control shells. Muir also noted with interest that the deputy sheriffs who
seemed so diligent in ensuring that Cohen’s crew was firearms-free had
vanished a few minutes before the shooting.
The papers, of course, were thrilled. “The Battle of the Sunset Strip!” the
press dubbed it. But who was behind the hit? Mayor Bowron blamed Man-
hattan crime boss Frank Costello. Others pointed to Jack Dragna, a local Ital-
ian crime boss who’d reluctantly accepted direction from Bugsy Siegel but
who was known to dislike Mickey. Sergeant Stoker, the former vice officer
turned county grand-jury witness, claimed the triggerman was LAPD.
Cohen himself was confused by the attack. But Mickey did know one thing:
He could deal with an underworld rival like Dragna. But in order to thrive
as a crime lord in Los Angeles, Mickey needed a friendly—or at least
tolerant—chief of police in office.
For the moment, that was impossible. In the wake of Chief Horrall’s
ouster, Mayor Bowron had appointed, on an emergency basis, a no-nonsense
former Marine general named William Worton to run the department. One

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_01_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:05 PM Page 10

10 John Buntin
of Worton’s first acts was to reconstitute the LAPD’s intelligence division.
Its top target: Mickey Cohen. Fortunately for Cohen, Worton was only a
temporary appointment; civil service rules required the Police Commission to
hire from within the department. That meant Cohen would have a chance to
put a more friendly man in the position, and the diminutive gangster already
knew exactly who he wanted: Thaddeus Brown, a former detective who’d
headed the homicide department before winning promotion to deputy
chief of patrol in 1946.
Brown was a big teddy bear of a man, enormously popular with the de-
partment’s detectives and well regarded by the underworld, too. As chief
of detectives, Brown insisted on knowing every detective’s confidential
sources. As a result, he had a wide range of acquaintances. He saw the un-
derworld’s denizens as human beings, not evil incarnate. As a result, Cohen
had something of a soft spot for the man the papers called “the master de-
tective.” Brown had another, even more influential backer in Norman Chan-
dler, the publisher of the Los Angeles Times. The support Norman could offer
was not purely rhetorical. The Chandler family had long maintained a
special—almost proprietary—interest in the LAPD. Indeed, for more than
two decades the city’s dominant newspaper had made it clear that a voice
in police affairs was the sine qua non of the paper’s political support. It was
widely known that Norman Chandler controlled three of the Police Com-
mission’s five votes—and that Chandler expected them to vote for Thad
Brown as chief.
In short, Brown’s ascension seemed inevitable. However, it was not au-
tomatic. The Police Commission could not simply vote to promote the
“master detective.” Since 1923, the chief of the LAPD had been chosen
under the civil service system. As a result, applicants for the top position
had to take an elaborate civil service exam, composed of a written test and
an oral examination. The results of the written test typically accounted for
95 percent of the total score; the oral exam plus a small adjustment for se-
niority contributed the other 5 percent. Candidates then received a total
score and were ranked accordingly. The Police Commission was allowed to
choose from among the top three candidates.
To no one’s surprise, Thad Brown got the top score. What was surprising
was who came in second: Deputy Chief William H. Parker, the head of the
Bureau of Internal Affairs. A decorated veteran of the Second World War,
wounded in Normandy during the D-day invasion, Parker had helped to de-
Nazify municipal police forces in Italy and Germany as the Allies advanced.
He now wanted to purge the LAPD of corruption—and Los Angeles of or-
ganized crime—in much the same way. Mickey Cohen was determined to
make sure that Parker never got that chance.

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_01_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:05 PM Page 11

L.A. Noir 11

“I had gambling joints all over the city,” Mickey later explained, “and I
needed the police just to make sure they ran efficiently.” Bill Parker would
not make things go smoothly.
One of the things that any crime lord needs is a line on the Police Com-
mission, and Cohen had it. His contacts there assured him that three of the
five commissioners—Agnes Albro, Henry Duque, and Bruno Newman—
favored Brown. That left only Irving Snyder and Dr. J. Alexander Somerville,
the sole African American police commissioner, in favor of Parker. Mickey
was convinced that “the fix” was in and that Brown would be the next
chief of police. The only obstacle Brown faced, Cohen’s connections in-
formed him, was that Brown’s selection might be seen as a personal tri-
umph for the little gangster. On their advice, Cohen decided to leave town
for the actual decision-making period—“just to blow off any stink that
could possibly come up.” Along with his sometime bodyguard Johnny
Stompanato (who was also known as one of Hollywood’s most notorious
gigolos) and his Boston terrier, Tuffy, L.A.’s underworld boss set off on a
leisurely road trip to Chicago.
Cohen arrived in Chicago to shocking news. The day before the Police
Commission vote, Brown-supporter Agnes Albro had unexpectedly died.
The following day, the commission had voted to name Bill Parker the next
chief of police. The battle for control of Los Angeles was about to begin in
earnest. Though Mickey didn’t know it, it was a fight Bill Parker had been
preparing for his entire life.

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_01_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:05 PM Page 12

The “White Spot”

“Wherein lies the fascination of the Angel City!
Why has it become the Mecca of tourists the
world over? Is it because it is the best advertised
city in the United States? Is it that it offers
illimitable opportunities for making money and
eating fruit? Hardly that. After all the pamphlets
of the real estate agents, the boosters’ clubs,
the Board of Trade and the Chamber of
Commerce have been read, something remains
unspoken— something that uncannily grips the
stranger.”
—Willard Huntington Wright, 1913

BEFORE IT WAS A CITY, Los Angeles was an idea.

Other cities were based on geographical virtues—a splendid port (San
Francisco, say, or New York), an important river (St. Louis), a magnificent
lake (Chicago). But nothing about the arid basin of Los Angeles (other than
its mild weather) suggested the site of a great metropolis. So the men who
built Los Angeles decided to advertise a different kind of virtue: moral and
racial purity. Los Angeles, a settlement founded in 1781 as a Spanish pueblo,
was reenvisioned as “the white spot of America,” a place where native-
born, white Protestants could enjoy “the magic of outdoors inviting al-
ways . . . trees in blossom throughout the year, flowers in bloom all the
time” as well as “mystery, romance, charm, splendor,” all safe among others
of their kind. It was an image relentlessly promoted by men like Harry
Chandler, owner and publisher of the Los Angeles Times and one of South-
ern California’s most important real estate developers, and it worked. By
1920, Los Angeles had surpassed San Francisco to become the largest city in
the west. There was just one problem with this picture of Anglo-Saxon
virtue. It wasn’t true. Far from being a paragon of virtue, by the early 1920s,
Los Angeles had become a Shangri-la of vice.
The historic center of the city’s underworld was Chinatown, “narrow,
dirty, vile-smelling, [and] thoroughly picturesque,” an area just east of the

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_01_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:05 PM Page 13

L.A. Noir 13

historic plaza that had been the center of town back in Los Angeles’s
pueblo days. Its opium dens introduced Angelenos to the seductions of the
poppy flower; its fan tan and mah-jongg parlors catered to the area’s still-
sizable Chinese population; its fourteen-odd lotteries attracted gamblers of
every color and nationality from across the city. Just north of Chinatown
was the predominantly Mexican part of the city known as Sonoratown.
There women in negligees lolled casually in the open windows of “disor-
derly houses,” advertising their availability. According to the Los Angeles
Record, a hundred known disorderly houses operated in the general vicinity
of downtown. The citywide brothel count was 355—and growing fast.
(By the mid-1920s, reformers would count 615 brothels.) That was just the
high-end prostitution. Streetwalkers offered themselves on Main Street, a
thriving but seedy neighborhood of taxi dance halls (so named because
a dancing partner could be hired like a taxi for a short period of time), bur-
lesque shows, and “blind pigs” (where a shot of whiskey went for ten cents
a gulp). Farther south, down on Central Avenue in the thirty-block area
between Fourth Street and Slauson Avenue, an even more tempting scene
was taking shape, one offering narcotics, craps, color-blind sex for sale, and
a strange new syncopated sound called jazz.
The city also boasted a steamy sex circuit. Upscale “ninety-six clubs”—
some just blocks away from City Hall—offered “queers,” “fairies,” or other-
wise straight men a place for a discreet “flutter” or “twentieth century”
(read: oral) sex in a luxurious setting. The less well-to-do worked a circuit of
downtown speakeasies, bars, public baths, and parks along Main and Hill
Streets—Maxwell’s, Harold’s, the Crown Jewel, the Waldorf. For those who
could not afford “to spend a quarter or fifty cents for a dime’s worth of
beer,” there were the parks. The poet Hart Crane, visiting Los Angeles in
1927, would marvel at what he saw in the lush groves of bamboo and ba-
nana trees in downtown’s Pershing Square. “The number of faggots cruis-
ing around here is legion,” he wrote friends back East. “Here are little fairies
who can quote Rimbaud before they are eighteen.” The city itself was hor-
rid, Crane wrote, but the sex was divine.
Then there was gambling. Amid the banks and stock brokerages of Spring
Street, bootlegger Milton “Farmer” Page presided over a string of gambling
clubs, the most imposing of which, the El Dorado, occupied the entire top
floor of a downtown office building. There on a typical evening five to six
hundred people would gather to play craps, poker, blackjack, roulette, and
other games of skill and chance. At the corner of Spring and W. Third Streets,
bookies waited to take the public’s wagers on the Mexican racing tracks or on
Pacific Coast League baseball games. Nearby saloons provided upstairs
rooms for poker and faro, sometimes even roulette, while younger and less

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_01_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:05 PM Page 14

14 John Buntin
prosperous customers stayed in the alleys to try their luck with the dice in
one of the ubiquitous games of craps. Bingo games sucked away the earnings
of bored housewives; card rooms distracted their husbands. “Bunco” men (as
con men were then known) preyed on the unwitting, selling naïve newcom-
ers nonexistent stocks, gold mines, oil fields, and real estate. “Boulevard
sheiks” prowled for and preyed on the growing number of working girls
making their homes in Los Angeles. Among this teeming underworld’s vic-
tims was a seventeen-year-old emigrant from Deadwood, South Dakota,
William H. Parker III.

IT’S HARD to imagine better preparation for 1920s Los Angeles

than turn-of-the-century Deadwood, a town devoted, as one wag put it, “to
gold, guns, and women.” Parker was born into a family that had played a
large part in cleaning it up. His grandfather—the first William H. Parker—
had arrived in the spring of 1877, less than a year after General Custer and
the 210 men under his direct command were killed by Lakota Sioux and
Cheyenne warriors at Little Big Horn, a hundred miles south of the min-
ing camp. College educated, a former colonel in the Union Army during
the Civil War who was later appointed by President Ulysses S. Grant to
be the first federal collector for tax revenue and the assistant U.S. attorney
in the Colorado territory, Parker cut an imposing figure. Within days of ar-
riving in the frontier settlement, he was made captain of a hastily assem-
bled town militia, formed to protect the booming mining camp. In 1902,
he became the district attorney, a position he occupied until 1906, when he
was elected to Congress. His willingness to enforce closing hours on casi-
nos and brothels earned him a reputation as a reformer. Prosperous, fierce
(“a good hater,” said one acquaintance), aloof (“to many he may have ap-
peared unapproachably chilly,” noted one friend in a memorial address to the
Deadwood bar), Congressman Parker was one of Deadwood’s most impos-
ing citizens—“dauntless, proud, imperious.”
Congressman Parker’s position should have ensured that his grandson
would grow up as a member of one of Deadwood’s most respected fami-
lies. Instead, as he was returning home by train from his first year in Wash-
ington, the new congressman was suddenly afflicted with terrible
abdominal pain. He stopped in Chicago. There a surgeon cut into the fresh-
man representative and discovered that Parker suffered from advanced cir-
rhosis of the liver—a condition often associated with heavy drinking. He
died two months later at the age of sixty-one, leaving behind a family of
five sons and two daughters. Bill Parker would not grow up with his grand-

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_01_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:05 PM Page 15

L.A. Noir 15

father’s wealth or prestige. Instead, he would inherit his temperament and,

in time, his fondness for whiskey.
As a child, Bill grew up in a house divided. His mother, Mary Kathryn
Moore, was a spirited, independent woman who was both deeply religious
and good humored. By all accounts, she was intensely proud of Bill, her
oldest son, who was born on June 21, 1905. Bill’s father, William Henry
Parker Jr., had a personality that can only be called dour. He also had a vio-
lent temper. At school, one of Parker’s sisters was once asked what her
father did. She answered, “Oh, my father gets up in the morning to fix
breakfast and throws pots and pans around in the kitchen.”
These troubles were not debilitating, at least not at first. As a young boy,
Parker was diligent and bright, a dogged athlete and a gifted orator. (The
Deadwood High School yearbook reported that Parker won the senior year
first prize in rhetoric for his stirring recitation of William Jennings Bryan’s
“Cross of Gold” speech—an interesting selection for a gold-mining town.)
His final report card in 1922 reveals an excellent student, with an aptitude
for math and rhetoric, who enjoyed the high opinion of his teachers.
“I consider William Parker to be an unusually bright young man, en-
dowed with mental energy and capabilities which, if properly directed,
will enable him to carve out for himself a name of which all concerned
may be justly proud,” the principal of Deadwood High School wrote on
Parker’s final report card.
As an obviously intelligent young man born into a distinguished family,
Bill might have been expected to follow in his father’s and grandfather’s
footsteps and continue on to college. Instead, he stayed in Deadwood, work-
ing a series of odd jobs, delivering newspapers and selling frocks and un-
dergarments knit by his mother to various ladies in town—and not just the
ladies. By one account, Parker blushingly sold garments to the town’s
madams as well. The teenager’s first real job, however, was at Deadwood’s
most prestigious hotel—the Franklin—where he got a job as a bellhop and
the house detective.
In later years, Parker would occasionally allude to his work in Deadwood,
suggesting that his job involved rousting guests who misbehaved and pa-
trolling the premises for ladies of the night. In truth, he was probably more
occupied with his work as a bellboy than with acts of sleuthing. The Franklin
was known for its ongoing high-stakes poker game; it is unlikely that a
teenage employee would have interfered much with it. Nonetheless, it’s clear
that the idea of being a lawman spoke to Parker’s imagination. Imagination
was all he had. Bill Parker seemed stuck in Deadwood.
Then, suddenly, he wasn’t.

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_01_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:05 PM Page 16

16 John Buntin
In 1922, his mother announced that she was separating from Bill’s fa-
ther and moving to Los Angeles and that she was taking Bill’s three
younger siblings with her. Bill went with her to help with the move—and
to see the City of Angels for himself.

LOS ANGELES was Deadwood writ large—a boomtown on a

scale never seen before or since in this country. The city was growing so
quickly that residents and visitors couldn’t even agree on how to pro-
nounce its name. To some it was “Loss An-jy-lese”; to others, “Loss An-jy-
lus” or even “Lows An-y-klyese”—a pronunciation the Los Angeles Times
suspected was a deliberate eastern slur. (The paper of record insisted that
the proper pronunciation was the distinctly Spanish “Loce Ahng-hail-ais,”
a pronunciation it printed under its masthead for several years.) Not until
the 1930s did today’s “Los An-ju-less” gain the clear upper hand.
Whatever its pronunciation, it was clear that people couldn’t wait to get
there. Model Ts crammed the old Santa Fe Trail—today’s Route 66—full
of Midwesterners who were California-bound. By 1922, the city’s popula-
tion had risen to more than 600,000. Fifteen-story skyscrapers (heights had
been capped after the devastating San Francisco earthquake of 1906) lined
Spring Street, the so-called Wall Street of the West. Dazzling electric signs
proclaimed its next goal—2,000,000 POPULATION BY 1930! (It made it to
1,200,000.) At the corner of Wilshire and La Brea, newcomers were trans-
fixed by something they had never seen before, neon signs, the first in the
United States. Everywhere there were automobiles. On a typical workday,
some 260,000 cars jammed downtown Los Angeles, making the intersec-
tion of Adams and Figueroa on the edge of downtown the busiest in the
world, with more than double the traffic of its nearest rival, Forty-second
Street and Fifth Avenue in New York City. Los Angeles also had one of the
most extensive streetcar networks in the country. Together, the intraurban
Yellow and interurban Red lines provided service over more than a thou-
sand miles of rail and transported an average of 520,000 people into the
downtown area every day. Total number of passenger trips in 1924:
110,000,000.
“All of the talk was ‘boom,’ ‘dollars,’ ‘greatest in the world,’ ‘sure to double
in price,’ ” marveled the author Hamlin Garland, who visited L.A. in 1923.
“I have never seen so many buildings going up all at one time. . . . There are
thousands in process in every direction I looked.” The mingling of architec-
tural styles was—to use a word coined in that same period—surreal. The
city’s neighborhoods, reported Garland, consist of “hundreds of the gay little
stucco bungalows in the Spanish-Mexican, Italian-Swiss, and many other

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_01_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:05 PM Page 17

L.A. Noir 17

styles, a conglomeration that cannot be equaled anywhere else on earth I am

quite sure.” If others noticed this, they didn’t seem to mind.
“The whole Middle West,” Garland concluded, “wants to come here.”
And no wonder. The city (to say nothing of its underworld) was a carni-
val. In downtown Los Angeles, the theaters and movie palaces that lined
Broadway attracted thronging crowds to motley performances that mixed
vaudeville performers, singers, dancers, chorus girls, acrobats, even elephants
with silent films by stars like Buster Keaton, Fatty Arbuckle, Douglas Fair-
banks, and Mary Pickford. Then as now, starstruck tourists could sign up
for “star tours” that took them past the homes of their favorite celebrities
on the beach in Santa Monica and in Beverly Hills. Streetcars packed with
bands and draped with advertisements crisscrossed the city, announcing
new towns every month. Elephants, lions, and circus freaks lured people
out to the newest developments (or, more commonly, to a free lunch under
a tent on an empty lot followed by a pitch for a “marvelous investment op-
portunity”).
“If every conceivable trick in advertising was not resorted to, it was
probably due to an oversight,” wrote one early philanthropist. Along Hol-
lywood and Wilshire Boulevards, the city’s first apartment buildings were
starting to rise. South of downtown was the beginning of a vast manufac-
turing district, home to tire fabrication and automotive assembly plants
that would eventually transform bucolic Los Angeles into the country’s
preeminent manufacturing center. High in the Hollywood Hills, a giant
sign, each letter fifty feet tall and covered with four thousand lightbulbs,
promoted one of Harry Chandler’s new developments, “Hollywoodland!”
The “-land” later fell over, and the sign became the new city’s most distinctive
symbol.
Then there was the oil. Beginning in 1920, a series of spectacular dis-
coveries just south of the city suddenly made Los Angeles into one of the
world’s great oil-production centers. At its acme, Southern California pro-
duced 5 percent of the world’s total oil supply. Shipping out of the port of
San Pedro exploded. Ordinary Angelenos became obsessive investors in
local oil syndicates such as the ones organized by oilman C. C. Julian from
his office suite above the palatial Loews’s State Theater on Broadway. It
wasn’t Sacramento in 1848; it wasn’t Deadwood in 1876 or the Klondike
in 1897; it was bigger. For a child of Deadwood, it should have been famil-
iar terrain. Instead, Los Angeles would prove to be a cruel instructor.

THE PARKERS settled first in Westlake (today’s MacArthur

Park), west of downtown, then one of the most fashionable parts of Los

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_01_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:05 PM Page 18

18 John Buntin
Angeles. Despite having moved to a nice neighborhood, the family’s posi-
tion was a tenuous one. Support from Deadwood was uncertain. (Mary
Parker and Bill’s youngest brother, Joseph, would later move to the im-
migrant neighborhood of Pico Heights.) In Deadwood, the Parkers had
been one of the most prominent families in town. In Los Angeles, Mary
Parker was basically a single mother. Moreover, she and her family were
Catholics in America’s most belligerently Protestant big city, a place
where the Ku Klux Klan’s members at one point included the chief of the
LAPD, the Los Angeles County sheriff, and the U.S. attorney for South-
ern California. Bill Parker did not look like one of the swarthy Mediter-
ranean immigrants that caused Protestant Angelenos such concern. Yet at
a time when anti-Catholic views circulated freely, he was in a very real
sense a minority.
Parker probably didn’t dwell much on these difficulties. He didn’t have
time. At the age of seventeen, Bill Parker was now the man in the family.
Although Bill’s father continued to support his family from afar, finances
were tight. Bill had to find a job. And so Parker turned to Los Angeles’s—
and America’s—fastest growing industry: the movies.
Los Angeles became the home of the movie industry almost by acci-
dent. In 1909, Col. William Selig (a minstrel show owner who filched a
title from the military and the design of the Kinescope movie projector
from Thomas Edison) had sent director Francis Boggs west from Chicago
to shoot a western in Arizona. Arizona was hot and dull, so Boggs
pressed on to the city he had visited two years earlier, Los Angeles. There
he and other itinerant filmmakers found the perfect outdoor shooting
environment—a mixture of cityscape and countryside, deserts and
mountains, ocean and forest. Its three-thousand-mile distance from New
York and the Motion Pictures Patent Company “trust,” which technically
(i.e., legally) held the license on the technology used by the industry, was
a plus too.
By 1910, the year Los Angeles annexed Hollywood, some ten-odd mo-
tion picture companies had set up operations in the area. That same year
the director D.W. Griffith completed the movie In Old California, the first
film shot completely in Hollywood. The following year, the Nestor Film
Company moved from New Jersey to the corner of Sunset and Gower
Street, becoming the first Los Angeles–based motion-picture studio. Uni-
versal, Triangle, Luce, Lasky’s Famous Players (later Paramount), Vita-
graph (later Columbia), Metro (later part of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer or
MGM), Fox, and others soon followed. By 1915, Hollywood was synony-
mous with the film industry, and Los Angeles was producing between 60

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_01_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:05 PM Page 19

L.A. Noir 19

and 75 percent of the country’s motion pictures—a little more than a quar-
ter of the world’s total films. The First World War destroyed the foreign
competition and made Hollywood the cinematic capital of the world. By
1921, its seventy-plus studios had 80 percent of the world market. In the
process, Hollywood became fantastically rich. By 1919, an estimated fif-
teen thousand theaters in the United States alone were generating roughly
$800 million a year in revenues—roughly $10 billion in today’s dollars.
Parker was plankton in the Hollywood food chain. His first job was as
an usher at the California Theater, an imposing Beaux Arts theater at the
corner of Main and Eighth Streets. He soon switched jobs, moving two
blocks north to Loews’s State Theater, a glorious 2,600-seat theater, report-
edly Los Angeles’s most profitable movie palace, in the heart of the Broad-
way movie district. There (for ten to fifty cents a ticket) the public could
enjoy entertainment of the most wonderful variety. It wasn’t just the
movies. Pit orchestras performed Gilbert and Sullivan—or Beethoven.
Opera singers trilling arias shared the stage with acrobats; ballets followed
circus animals; elaborate “moving tableaux” gave way to daring stunts.
What tantalized audiences most, though, was something new—the femme
fatale.
The first was Theodosia Goodman, a tailor’s daughter from Ohio, who,
in the hands of her press agents, became Theda Bara, “foreign, voluptuous,
and fatal”—a woman “possessed of such combustible Circe charms,” panted
Time magazine, “that her contract forbade her to ride public conveyances
or go out without a veil.” Others soon followed: Pola Negri, Nita Naldi,
Louise Brooks. Women weren’t the only ones steaming up the screen. In
1921, Rudolph Valentino rode off with the hearts of women around the
world as the Sheik, the mesmerizing Arab who kidnapped, wooed, lost,
saved, and ultimately won an English lady-socialite as his bride (Agnes
Ayres).
As the movies heated up, so did the imaginations of the public. No one
was more vulnerable than the people most exposed—theater employees.
“Love is like the measles,” explained one girl usher to the Los Angeles Times.
“You can’t be around it all the time without catching the fever.”
Bill Parker caught the fever.
As chief of police, Parker would become a tribune of social conser-
vatism. As a young man, however, he was ensnared. Soon after arriving in
Los Angeles while he was working as an usher, Parker met Francette
Pomeroy, a beautiful, high-spirited young woman, age nineteen—almost
two years older than himself. The exact circumstances of their courtship
are unknown. However, it’s easy to understand how Francette (who went

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_01_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:05 PM Page 20

20 John Buntin
by “Francis”) might have fallen for Bill. He was an unusually handsome
young man—slender, of medium height, with a high forehead, prominent
nose, and large, intelligent eyes. He was smart and attentive; even then, he
had a sense of presence. On August 13, 1923, the two essentially eloped
and were married in a civil ceremony.
Despite (or perhaps because of) the failure of his own parents’ marriage,
young Bill Parker had very conventional ideas about his relationship with
Francis. She did not share these ideas. On the contrary, she saw no reason
why marriage should interfere with the life she previously enjoyed, which
involved music, dancing, and active socializing, including a continuing as-
sociation with other young men. This came as a shock to Bill. In time,
Parker’s family would come to view Francis as a sex addict.
Perhaps she was. More likely, Francis was an adventuresome, somewhat
risqué young woman who reveled in the freedom of life in Los Angeles
and who was caught off guard by Bill’s traditional expectations. Whatever
her activities, they were unacceptable to her husband. In February 1924,
when Francis prepared to leave the house, Parker confronted her with a
torrent of abuse and, according to Francis, threatened “bodily harm.” Two
months later, on April 15, he allegedly delivered on that threat. Francis had
announced that she was going out, and Parker exploded. He followed her
down the staircase, arguing furiously. When she refused to come back in-
side, he struck her in the face, grabbed her by the throat, and dragged her
upstairs and back into the apartment.
Something horrifying was happening—to Parker and to his marriage.
The handsome, ambitious young man whom Francis Pomeroy had married
was vanishing, replaced by a man she would later describe in her divorce
petition as “cross, cranky, peevish, irritable, aggravating, and of a generally-
nagging and fault-finding attitude.” He, in turn, was soon describing his
wife as a “damned fool,” an “idiot,” a “god-damned bitch”—and worse.
What Bill was like before his marriage we do not know; however, these ad-
jectives, this intolerance of fools, would be all too familiar to the men who
later worked with (and for) him. In less than two years, Los Angeles had
frustrated Parker’s hopes and brought out the ugliest features of his per-
sonality. Bill Parker was discovering that in Los Angeles, violence, dreams,
and desire kept close company.
Bill Parker was not the only young man spurred to violence by life in
“the white spot” in those days. One afternoon in the summer of 1922, just
a few blocks away from where Parker was working as a movie usher,
idling motorists witnessed an outburst of violence that was far more re-
markable than Bill Parker’s (alleged) wife-beating—a holdup of the box of-
fice of the Columbia Theater.

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_01_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:05 PM Page 21

L.A. Noir 21

Any attempt to heist a box office in downtown Los Angeles, in the middle
of the day, in the presence of hundreds of witnesses would have been note-
worthy. But what made this band of bandits so singularly striking was
their frightening, baseball bat–wielding leader. He was only nine years old.
His name was Meyer Harris Cohen, but all of Los Angeles would soon
come to know him simply as “Mickey.”

www.HarmonyBooks.com
Bunt_9780307352071_5p_03_r1.qxp 7/10/09 1:09 PM Page 420

About the Author

JOHN BUNTIN is a staff writer at Governing magazine, where he covers

crime and urban affairs. A native of Mississippi, Buntin graduated from
Princeton University’s Woodrow Wilson School of Public and Interna-
tional Affairs and has worked as a case writer for Harvard University’s
John F. Kennedy School of Government. A former resident of Southern
California, he now lives in Washington, D.C., with his family.

For more information, please visit www.johnbuntin.com.

www.HarmonyBooks.com
 To purchase a copy of 

L.A. Noir 
 
visit one of these online retailers: 
 
Amazon 
 
Barnes & Noble 
 
Borders 
 
IndieBound 
 
Powell’s Books 
 
Random House 

www.HarmonyBooks.com