Scribd
Upload
516 views

Z Bus Fault

The document discusses the process of calculating fault currents and voltages in a power system using symmetrical components. It begins by explaining how to determine the zero, positive, and negative sequence networks of the system. It then shows how to calculate the fault current for different types of faults (LG, LL, LLG) using the sequence networks. The fault currents are used to determine the voltages at each bus during the fault. Finally, it describes how to calculate the line currents between buses from the bus voltages and sequence impedances. The process is illustrated with figures and equations to determine the fault analysis of a power system network.

Uploaded by

Sajin Sahadev
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
516 views

Z Bus Fault

The document discusses the process of calculating fault currents and voltages in a power system using symmetrical components. It begins by explaining how to determine the zero, positive, and negative sequence networks of the system. It then shows how to calculate the fault current for different types of faults (LG, LL, LLG) using the sequence networks. The fault currents are used to determine the voltages at each bus during the fault. Finally, it describes how to calculate the line currents between buses from the bus voltages and sequence impedances. The process is illustrated with figures and equations to determine the fault analysis of a power system network.

Uploaded by

Sajin Sahadev
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

4.

10

BUS matrix: Unbalanced fault analysis using Z

In the previous section, it is observed that, for fault calculations the Thevenins equivalent networks, at the fault point, are needed for the three sequence networks. Since the three sequence networks are BUS matrices of these sequence networks can be found seperately. The diagonal independent, the Z BUS matrices infact, are the Thevenins equivalent impedances elements of the three sequence Z of the sequence networks as seen from the various buses. Let, the three sequence bus impedance matrices for zero sequence, positive sequence and negative sequence networks be represented as 0) th bus, then Z(0) , Z(1) and Z(2) ( (1) (2) Z BUS , ZBUS and ZBUS respectively. If the fault is at the k kk kk kk of the sequence bus impedance matrices are the zero, positive and negative Thevenins equivalent impedances, respectively, as seen from the faulted bus. Hence, the rst step in the fault analysis BUS matrix is the determination of the three sequence networks and subsequently, nding using Z the bus impedance matrix for each sequence network. To illustrate this step, consider the single line diagram of the power system shown in Fig. 4.60.

Figure 4.60: Single line diagram of Power System The positive sequence equivalent network for the system is shown in Fig. 4.61. In this gure all the elements of the system have been represented by their positive sequence equivalents. Similarly by representing all elements by their negative sequence impedances, the negative sequence equivalent network can be obtained. The negative sequence network is shown in Fig. 4.62. For the zero sequence equivalent network, the generator neutral connections and transformer connections have to be considered. The zero sequence equivalent network is shown in Fig. 4.63. In Bus ] matrix for the three sequence networks is found using [Z Bus ] building the next step, the [Z ( 0 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 ) Bus ], [Z Bus ] and [Z Bus ] matrices are known, the following procedure is followed algorithm. Once [Z for the fault analysis of the given network. 170

Figure 4.61: The positive sequence equivalent network

Figure 4.62: The negative sequence equivalent network

f as shown in Fig. (a) LG fault: Let the fault be on phase a of bus k with a fault impedance Z 4.64.
From equations (4.98) and (4.101), it can be seen that the three equivalent sequence networks are in series for calculating the sequence components of the fault currents. Hence, generalizing equation (4.101) for fault at kth bus, the expression for sequence component of fault current can be written as:

(0) (F ) = I (1) (F ) = I (2) (F ) = I k k k

k (0) V (1) + Z (2) + Z (0) + 3Z f Z (kk) (kk) (kk)

(4.121)

0) (0) , Z (1) and Z (2) are the kth diagonal elements of [Z ( (1) (2) Z Bus ], [ZBus ] and [ZBus ] matrices kk kk kk respectively.

k (0) is the prefault voltage of kth bus, usually taken as 10 pu. V


171

Figure 4.63: The zero sequence equivalent network

Figure 4.64: LG fault on phase a of k th bus The fault current is given by:
abc) (012) I( (F) = A Ik (F) k

(4.122)

(b) LL fault: Let the fault be between phases phase b and phase c of bus k through an f as shown in Fig. 4.65. From equation (4.109) and Fig. 4.57 it is observed that the impedance Z positive sequence and negative sequence equivalent networks are connected in phase opposition. Thus, the expression of equation (4.109) for the sequence components of fault current at bus k can be generalized as:

(0) (F ) = 0 I k
172

Figure 4.65: LL fault between phase b and phase c of k th bus and

(1) (F ) = I k

k (0) V (2) (F ) = I k ( 0 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 ) +Z +Z Z
kk kk kk

(4.123)

The phase components of fault current is the calculated from equation (4.122)
(b) (c) Ik (F ) = Ik (F ) = Ik (F )

(4.124)

(c) LLG fault: Fig. 4.66 shows an LLG fault involving phases phase b and phase c of bus k f . Referring to equation (4.119) and Fig.4.66, the generalized expression through an impedance Z

Figure 4.66: LLG fault involving phase b and phase c of k th bus for sequence components of fault current at bus k can be written as

(1) (F ) = I k

(2) (Z (0) + 3Z f ) Z (1) kk Zkk + kk (2) + Z (0) + 3Z f Z


kk kk

k (0) V

173

k (0) Z (1) I (1) V (2) kk k (F ) Ik (F ) = (2) Z kk k (0) Z (1) I (1) V (0) kk k (F ) Ik (F ) = (0) + 3Z f Z kk

(4.125)

The phase currents can be obtained from equation (4.122), the fault current is then calculated as
(b) (c) Ik (F ) = Ik (F ) + Ik (F )

(4.126)

4.10.1

Calculation of Bus voltages and Line currents during fault:

To calculate the voltages of buses during fault equation (4.94) can be generalized as:

i(0) (F ) = Z (0) I (0) V ik k (F ) i(1) (F ) = V i(1) (0) Z (1) I (1) V ik k (F ) i(2) (F ) = Z (2) I (2) V ik k (F )
The pre fault voltage Vi1 (0)is usually set as 1.0 00 pu. The bus phase voltage during fault is calculated from the following relation. (4.127)

i(abc) (F ) = A V i(012) (F ) V is the symmetrical component transformation matrix. where A

(4.128)

To calculate the symmetrical components of line currents in the line from bus i to bus j the following relation is used:

(F ) = I
(1) ij I (F ) =

(0) ij

i(0) (F ) V j(0) (F ) V
(0) z ij

i(1) (F ) V j(1) (F ) V
(1) z ij

(4.129)

(F ) = I
(0) (1) (2)

(2) ij

i(2) (F ) V j(2) (F ) V
(2) z ij

where z ij , z ij and z ij are the zero, positive and negative sequence impedance respectively of the line between bus i and bus j. The phase currents for the line can be calculated from the symmetrical components using the relation: 174

abc 012 ij ][I ij [I (F )] = [A (F )]

(4.130)

The process of fault analysis of a power system network is illustrated in the next lecture with the help of an example.

175

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy