Swatch Case Study

The Rise of the Swatch Group
In 2012, the Swatch Group earned 8.143 billion CHF or 8.6 billion US dollars in gross sales. This was a 14% increase in gross sales from the previous year [1]. The Swatch Groups current success is nothing short of amazing considering that in the late 1970s the Swiss watch segment almost collapsed due to the inexpensive watch alternatives being produced in Japan, the U.S. and the Soviet Union [2]. The hero of this survival story, Nicolas G. Hayek, revolutionized the way in which Switzerland thought about time pieces and brought together many Swiss watch brands under a single entity. In this paper, the way in which he saved the Swiss watch industry and how he grew his Swatch Group into the global company that it is today will be analyzed.
Surviving the Onslaught

Towards the end of the 1960s the global watch market was beginning to change. Mass produced mechanical watches made in Japan, the U.S. and the Soviet Union were gaining market share and driving down Switzerlands dominance in the market. In reaction to this, Swiss engineers innovated their watches to be waterproof and shockproof. They also discovered the ability to use quartz in order to create watches with incredible time accuracy as well as manufacturability. Foolishly, they dropped this quartz technology. Japan based watch manufacturers embraced the quartz alternative and quickly gained dominance in the lower price point market. The Swiss watch industry needed to pivot, so they embraced the high price point market and began to make their watches with more gold and diamonds [2]. Enter Nicolas Hayek, the famous Swiss management consultant. Hayek saw a shattered Swiss watch industry of once great firms. In order to guarantee the survival of the industry he advised two of the larger Swiss watch companies, SSIH and ASUAG, to merge into a singular entity SMH. The newly created SMH was restructured in such a way that streamlined the manufacturing of the Swiss watches. Most notably, ETA was given the full responsibility of manufacturing all watch movements. From here, Hayek made his first big move. Hayek recognized that the watch market had changed. People were opting to buy mass produced quartz watches over the carefully manufactured time pieces that used to be the pride of Switzerland. By having SMH develop a technology to produce quartz watches that had one third the number of components as former watches, SMH was able to develop a watch that could compete with those of the Japanese (Exhibit 1); however, the success of this new watch was not attributed to its cheap price. Similar to how Apples founder Steve Jobs believed that form follows emotion, Hayek believed it was the switch from a watch as a functional item to an emotional item that caused the success [3]. A watch had become an item of fashion and expression.
Exhibit 1: Original Quartz Swatch Watch
The recognition of this fact is where the story of SMH goes from one of survival to one of growth. SMH changes its name to Swatch and uses its vertical integration to effectively manufacture and sell watches. The 19 brands that Swatch contained become redistributed across four market segments based on price and reputation. Each brand carries its own unique identity and avoids the faulty step of trying to be everything to everyone [2]. The Swatch group contains a brand with a watch to fit every person. Watches become more than something to keep the time, they become fashionable.
Increasing Global Presence

The Swatch Group is not an ideal example of a global firm. Their capital base, supply chain and mindset are heavily Swiss (Exhibit 2). However, keeping this Swiss mindset is beneficial to the company. Swiss watches are viewed as well-made and designed to last, similar to how people think Swedish furniture is hip and young. This Swiss image that the Swatch Group maintains by keeping their capital base, supply chain and mindset Swiss allows for them to gain a better image. This image then allows them to gain a stronger market presence.
Exhibit 2: Swatch Group Globalization Framework Capital Base: 41.6% shareholding of the Hayek pool of investors; Nick Hayek states "We don't sell shares, we sell watches."; Listed on Swiss stock exchange - Not Global
Mindset: Enjoy being viewed as a Swiss Company; Have considered selling in a solely Swiss product stores - Not Global
Supply Chain: Most of the 160 production sites in Switzerland - Not Global
Market Presence: Sell watches around the world in Europe, the Americas and Asia Global
One of the largest reasons for Swatch Groups increased global presence is the way in which they divide up their brands into four market segments. These four segments are the luxury, high, middle and basic ranges [4]. These market segments, based off of price and reputation, allow the Swatch Group to strategically have access to all corners of the time piece market. This is true by both geography and class. Geographically, the Swatch Group is able to offer a region multiple brands within one of the four segments that all have a different identity. The culture of the region is able to unknowingly choose which brand they prefer, and then the Swatch Group will focus that brand in the particular region. In terms of class, the Swatch group has the four segments to offer watches of varying price and make. All the brands of the Swatch Group are shown in Exhibit 3. By offering every customer segment in every region a unique watch, the Swatch Group is able to maintain a diverse customer base. By looking at the Swatch Group through the use of the Business Model Canvas, one is able to see how independent and strong of a firm it is. Their strong vertical integration allows them to require few partners and minimize their cost structure. They own a majority of the channels through which they sell, and maintain a healthy relationship with their customers by offering a variety of unique time pieces through multiple brands. This is also the way in which the deliver value to their customers. They also maintain a narrow and focused list of key activities. If the Swatch Group were a start-up, their credentials would be very strong on a global front.
Exhibit 3: All Brands of Swatch Group
Lessons for Entrepreneurs

The story of the Swatch Group is a story about how to pivot and understand the changing markets in which your company exists. The origin of the Swatch Group was a scattered Swiss watch industry. By consolidating and changing the way in which they thought about watches, the Swatch Group was able to regain a strong standing in the market. Using forward thinking, they saw the movement from a watch as a functional object to one of emotion. Using this knowledge, they created a company that had numerous brands and a wide range of emotions to pick from. They also carefully watch and understand the markets in which they sell their time pieces. They understand what drives Chinese customers to buy watches and which of their brands align with those forces. From this an entrepreneur can take to always understand your customers and their wants. There are other important concepts that an entrepreneur can take from the Swatch Group. In particular, the concept of not trying to be everything to everyone presented by Urquhart is of importance to entrepreneurs. For the Swatch Group, they segregate their brands characteristics to maximize their exposure in the market. For a startup, the concept applies to focusing efforts on a niche in the market into which it can grow. Furthermore, the Swatch Groups smart use of vertical integration should be noted by entrepreneurs. By controlling every aspect of the manufacturing and sale of their watches, the Swatch Group is able to guarantee the quality of their product. They are also better able to see changes in the market and can adjust
appropriately before the changes have a negative effect. Entrepreneurs can take from this. By controlling both the sale and manufacturing of their good, an entrepreneur is better able to see changes in the demand of the market and adjust manufacturing accordingly. This results in saved resources and time.
Works Cited
[1] Swatch Group. Financial Statements 2012 Consolidated Financial Statements Financial Statements of the Holding [2] Rohit Deshpande, Karol Misztal, Daniela Beyersdorfer. The Swatch Group [3] Steve Jobs. Steve Jobs Quotes by Walter Isaacson [4] Swatch Group Website. Swatch Group, Watches and Jewelry

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How did the Swatch Group pivot to regain market share?

How does the Swatch Group segment their brands across different markets?

The Rise of the Swatch Group

Surviving the Onslaught

Exhibit 1: Original Quartz Swatch Watch

Increasing Global Presence

Exhibit 3: All Brands of Swatch Group

Lessons for Entrepreneurs

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