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CFD (Solution Algorithms

The document discusses numerical methods for solving the Navier-Stokes equations, including the PISO and SIMPLE algorithms, and describes the steps involved in a full CFD simulation including defining the geometry, generating a mesh, specifying models and conditions, running the solver, and postprocessing results. It also covers topics like initial and boundary conditions, turbulence modeling, and checking for mesh independence of solutions.

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93 views

CFD (Solution Algorithms

The document discusses numerical methods for solving the Navier-Stokes equations, including the PISO and SIMPLE algorithms, and describes the steps involved in a full CFD simulation including defining the geometry, generating a mesh, specifying models and conditions, running the solver, and postprocessing results. It also covers topics like initial and boundary conditions, turbulence modeling, and checking for mesh independence of solutions.

Uploaded by

jackyhaung
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CFD {

Solution
Algorithms

N-S Equations

PISO

SIMPLE

Initial/Boundary
Conditions
CFD { Solution Algorithms
Full solution { SOE3213/4: CFD Lecture 3
recap
CFD {
Solution
Algorithms
N-S Equations
r:u = 0 (1)
@ ux 1 @p
N-S Equations

PISO
+ r:(uux ) = +  r2 ux (2)
SIMPLE @t  @x
@ uy 1 @p
+ r:(uuy ) = +  r2 uy (3)
Initial/Boundary

@t  @y
Conditions

@ uz 1 @p
Full solution {

+ r:(uuz ) = +  r2 uz
recap

(4)
@t  @z
Transport equation form, with source
1 @p
 @x
Two main problems
1 The equation is non-linear
2 The source term involves p
CFD {
Solution
Algorithms

NSE  3 equations for 4 variables,


N-S Equations
+1 constraint equation.
PISO

SIMPLE
 Need p to nd u, need u to nd p
Equations solved sequentially
Initial/Boundary
Conditions 
Full solution {
recap
 Iterate until all elds correct

Several di erent approaches used to solve these equations. 2


main ones :
 PISO { Pressure Implicit Splitting of Operators { for time
dependent ows
 SIMPLE { Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked
Equations { used for steady state problems
CFD {
Solution
Algorithms
PISO

N-S Equations

PISO  Eqn (2) if we know p , ux, can nd ux .


SIMPLE
 Eqns (2{4), (1) combined ! equation for p given the
Initial/Boundary
Conditions ux :  
1
Full solution {
recap
r: rp = ( ux term)
A
 Flux has to satisfy continuity (1)

PISO algorithm as follows :


1 Guess p , ux (values from previous timestep)
2 Use equation (2) to nd ux , uy etc.
3 Solve pressure equation for p
4 Correct ux to satisfy continuity
CFD {
Start
Solution
Algorithms

N-S Equations
Guess p, flux
PISO (values from previous
SIMPLE
timestep)

Initial/Boundary
Conditions Use equation (3) to find
ux, uy, uz
Full solution {
recap

Solve pressure equation


to get p

Correct flux to satisfy


continuity

Y
Next
timestep?

N
CFD {
Solution
Algorithms
SIMPLE

N-S Equations Could iterate PISO until steady-state. More usual to use
PISO SIMPLE.
SIMPLE

Initial/Boundary
Conditions
r:u = 0
r:(uux ) = 1 @@ px +  r2ux
Full solution {
recap

r:(uuy ) = 1 @@ yp +  r2uy (5)

r:(uuz ) = 1 @@pz +  r2uz

1 Guess an initial pressure eld p 


2 Use equation (5) to create a velocity eld u from this
pressure eld
CFD {

3 Find a correction p 0 to the pressure eld


Solution
Algorithms

N-S Equations p = p + p0


PISO

SIMPLE
4 Correct the velocity ( ux) to obey continuity.
Initial/Boundary
Conditions
In theory, p and u should now be the desired solution. In
Full solution { practice, it is necessary to repeat this procedure as an iterative
recap
process.
If new solution p  , u  adopted at each step ! algorithm
becomes unstable. Thus, use underrelaxation :
5 Underrelax solution
pn+1 = p + (1 )pn
is underrelaxation parameter. At each step of the iteration,
the error in the solution (the residual) should decrease {
residuals for all variables should be monitored to ensure this.
CFD {
Solution Start
Algorithms

N-S Equations Guess p *

PISO

SIMPLE
Find u* from
Initial/Boundary momentum eqn.
Conditions

Full solution {
Find pressure correction p’
recap
Find flux correction

Correct fields
p**= p* + p’

Update fields
(underrelaxation)

n Tolerance achieved?

y
CFD {
Solution
Algorithms
Initial/Boundary Conditions

N-S Equations

PISO

SIMPLE
Initial condition { state of p and u at all points in the ow.
Initial/Boundary

most uid ow problems parabolic or hyperbolic !


Conditions

Full solution {

recap
solution depends in part on initial conditions
 specify known values for p and u, or make sensible guess
 may need to timestep until the e ect of the I.C. absent
 Steady viscous ows { elliptic
 however methods parabolic { need starting conditions

Boundary conditions { largely specify what the solution will be


CFD {
Solution
Algorithms

N-S Equations

PISO
3 main types of b.c. { walls, inlets, outlets
SIMPLE

Initial/Boundary  Walls { u = 0 parallel to the wall (unless the wall is


moving in which case the uid will share the motion)
Conditions

Full solution {
recap
 Fluid inlet { specify u.
 Fluid outlet { specify p

N.B. If b.c. incorrectly speci ed, problem becomes ill posed {


no solution possible.
CFD {
Solution
Algorithms
Full solution { recap

N-S Equations

PISO

SIMPLE  Build mathematical model of the problem


Initial/Boundary
Conditions
 (NSE, turbulence, combustion. . .
Full solution {
 Discretise the equations on a mesh
recap
 converts mathematical model to di erence equations
 Solve the discretised equations
 inverting discretised matrix equation
 NSE nonlinear, ! PISO and SIMPLE
 Analyse the results
 check results make sense physically,
 check numerical solution, eg. mesh independence
 process data to extract information
CFD {
Solution
Algorithms

N-S Equations
Using commercial code :
PISO

SIMPLE
 De ne the geometry
Initial/Boundary  Generate the mesh
Conditions

Full solution {
 Switch on physical models
 Specify physical constants
recap

 Specify boundary/initial conditions


 Specify numerical parameters
 Run the solver
 Postprocess results

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