Experiment - 4: © MEC, Bikaner

Marudhar Engineering College, Bikaner Electrical Drives & Control Lab Manual
Experiment 4 Object:- Study and obtain waveforms of 3-phase full controlled bridge converter with R and RL loads. Theory:The operation of a 3-phase fully-controlled bridge rectifier circuit is described in this practical. A three-phase fully-controlled bridge rectifier can be constructed using six SCRs as shown below.
The three-phase bridge rectifier circuit has three-legs, each phase connected to one of the three phase voltages. Alternatively, it can be seen that the bridge circuit has two halves, the positive half consisting of the SCRs S1, S3 and S5 and the negative half consisting of the SCRs S2, S4 and S6. At any time, one SCR from each half conducts when there is current flow. If the phase sequence of the source be RYB, the SCRs are triggered in the sequence S1, S2 , S3 , S4, S5 , S6 and S1 and so on. The operation of the circuit is first explained with the assumption that diodes are used in place of the SCRs.
MEC, Bikaner
Page 1
The three-phase voltages vary as shown below.
Let the three-phase voltages be defined as shown below.
It can be seen that the R-phase voltage is the highest of the three-phase voltages when is in the range from 30 to 150. It can also be seen that Y-phase voltage is the highest of the three-phase voltages when q is in the range from 150 to 270 and that B-phase voltage is the highest of the three-phase voltages when q is in the range from 270o to 390o or 30o in the next cycle. We also find that R-phase voltage is the lowest of the three-phase voltages when q is in the range from 210 to 330. It can also be seen that Y-phase voltage is the lowest of the three-phase voltages when q is in the range from 330 to 450 or 90 in the next cycle, and that B-phase voltage is the lowest when q is in the range from 90 to 210. If diodes are used, diode D1 in place of S1 would conduct from 30 to 150, diode D3 would conduct from 150 to 270 and diode D5 from 270 to 390 or 30 in the next cycle. In the same way, diode D4 would conduct from 210 to 330, diode D6 from 330 to 450 or 90 in the next cycle, and diode D2 would conduct from 90 to 210. The positive rail of output voltage of the bridge is connected to the topmost segments of the envelope of three-phase voltages and the negative rail of the output voltage to the lowest segments of the envelope.
MEC, Bikaner
Page 2
At any instant barring the change-over periods when current flow gets transferred from diode to another, only one of the following pairs conducts at any time.
Period, range of 30o to 90o 90o to 150o 150o to 210o 210o to 270o 270o to 330o 330o to 360o and 0o to 30o
Diode Pair in conduction D1 and D6 D1 and D2 D2 and D3 D3 and D4 D4 and D5 D5 and D6
MEC, Bikaner
Page 3
MEC, Bikaner
Page 4
If SCRs are used, their conduction can be delayed by choosing the desired firing angle. When the SCRs are fired at 0 firing angle, the output of the bridge rectifier would be the same as that of the circuit with diodes. For instance, it is seen that D1 starts conducting only after = 30o. In fact, it can start conducting only after = 30o , since it is reverse-biased before = 30o. The bias across D1 becomes zero when = 30o and diode D1 starts getting forward-biased only after =30o. When vR() = E*Sin (), diode D1 is reverse-biased before = 30o and it is forward-biased when > 30o. When firing angle to SCRs is zero degree, S1 is triggered when = 30o. This means that if a synchronizing signal is needed for triggering S1, that signal voltage would lag vR() by 30o and if the firing angle is , SCR S1 is triggered when = +30o. Given that the conduction is continuous, the following table presents the SCR pair in conduction at any instant.
Period, range of + 30o to + 90o + 90o to + 150o + 150o to + 210o + 210o to + 270o + 270o to + 330o + 330o to + 360o and + 0o to + 30o
Result :-
SCR Pair in conduction S1 and S6 S1 and S2 S2 and S3 S3 and S4 S4 and S5 S5 and S6
The study of three phase fully-controlled bridge converter has been done and the waveform of output voltages for R and R-L load has been plotted on graph. Viva-questions:Q1. What do you mean by three-phase fully-controlled bridge converter? Q2. Define firing angle . Q3. What is the difference between uncontrolled and controlled converters? Q4. Explain the output voltage waveform for three-phase fully-controlled bridge converter with R load? Q5. Explain the output voltage waveform for three-phase fully-controlled bridge converter with RL load for discontinuous conduction? Q6. Explain the output voltage waveform for three-phase fully-controlled bridge converter with RL load for continuous conduction? Q7. What do you mean by continuous and discontinuous conduction? Q8. Why the output voltage obtained in negative side (below the reference line) with RL load?
MEC, Bikaner
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Marudhar Engineering College, Bikaner Electrical Drives & Control Lab Manual

The three-phase voltages vary as shown below.

Let the three-phase voltages be defined as shown below.

Diode Pair in conduction D1 and D6 D1 and D2 D2 and D3 D3 and D4 D4 and D5 D5 and D6

SCR Pair in conduction S1 and S6 S1 and S2 S2 and S3 S3 and S4 S4 and S5 S5 and S6

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