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    Review I

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    dioumb
    This document contains review materials for telecommunications switching and transmission including definitions of technical terminology like polar signaling, baud rate, circuit switching, echo, and noise measurements. It also provides examples of calculations involving decibel units, noise levels, voice digitization, and power spectral density of line codes. The document appears to be notes from a college course on telecommunications taught by Professor Murat Torlak.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Review I

    Uploaded by

    dioumb
    81 views8 pages
    This document contains review materials for telecommunications switching and transmission including definitions of technical terminology like polar signaling, baud rate, circuit switching, echo, and noise measurements. It also provides examples of calculations involving decibel units, noise levels, voice digitization, and power spectral density of line codes. The document appears to be notes from a college course on telecommunications taught by Professor Murat Torlak.

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    Review i

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    This document contains review materials for telecommunications switching and transmission including definitions of technical terminology like polar signaling, baud rate, circuit switching, echo, and noise measurements. It also provides examples of calculations involving decibel units, noise levels, voice digitization, and power spectral density of line codes. The document appears to be notes from a college course on telecommunications taught by Professor Murat Torlak.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    81 views8 pages

    Review I

    Uploaded by

    dioumb
    This document contains review materials for telecommunications switching and transmission including definitions of technical terminology like polar signaling, baud rate, circuit switching, echo, and noise measurements. It also provides examples of calculations involving decibel units, noise levels, voice digitization, and power spectral density of line codes. The document appears to be notes from a college course on telecommunications taught by Professor Murat Torlak.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    REVIEW (Terminology)

    Polar signaling Baud rate (symbol rate) Bipolar signaling (coding) Central office Circuit switching C-message weighting Common-channel signaling, Inband signaling Companding Crosstalk, far-end crosstalk (FEXT), near-end crosstalk dBm, dBrnC, dBrnC0 Delta modulation, slope overload DTMF Signaling Echo, echo canceller, echo suppressor, talker echo, listener echo
    EE4367 Telecom. Switching & Transmission
    Prof. Murat Torlak

    Multiplexing, FDM, TDM Full-duplex, half-duplex Gaussian noise HDB3 Hybrid, two-wire circuit, four-wire circuit ITU Line code, NRZ, RZ LATA Modem Multi-frequency signaling Nyquist rate Power spectral density PAM, PCM Quantization noise Regeneration, repeater Robbed bit signaling

    REVIEW (Terminology)

    EE4367 Telecom. Switching & Transmission

    Prof. Murat Torlak

    REVIEW (Terminology)
    Tandem office, Trunk On-off signaling T1 carrier system DS0, DS1, DS2, DS3 Error performance, PER, CRCER SQR, SNR

    EE4367 Telecom. Switching & Transmission

    Prof. Murat Torlak

    Decibel Questions
    There are three networks in series. The first network has a gain of 19 dB, the second a loss of 23 dB, the third a gain of 11 dB. The output of the third network is +23 dBm. What is the input to the first network in mW?

    EE4367 Telecom. Switching & Transmission

    Prof. Murat Torlak

    Transmission
    What are the three basic impairments (not echo or singing) we have to deal with regarding the voice channel?

    EE4367 Telecom. Switching & Transmission

    Prof. Murat Torlak

    Noise Power Levels


    Relationships between various noise measurements
    Y dBrn=X dBm+90dB Y dBrnC = X dBrn-2dB

    Example: An idle-channel noise power measurement of 21 dBrn occurs at a -7 dB TLP. Express the noise power of this measurement in dBrn0 and determine what power measurement this noise would produce at another point in the circuit that is designated as a -2 dB TLP.
    dBrn0=dBrn-(TLP dB) or dBrn=dBrn0+(TLP dB)

    EE4367 Telecom. Switching & Transmission

    Prof. Murat Torlak

    Voice Digitization
    SQR=10.8+20log10(v/q), v rms amplitude of the input For a sinewave input v2=A2/2, SQR=7.78+20log10(A/q) q=2Amax/2n SQR=1.76+6.02n+20log10(A/Amax) Dynamic Range=20log10(Vmax/Vmin) Example: If two bits per sample are added to a PCM bit stream, how much can the dynamic range be increased if the quantization intervals are adjusted to improve the SQR by 3dB?

    EE4367 Telecom. Switching & Transmission

    Prof. Murat Torlak

    PSD of Line Codes


    Example: The duobinary line coding (proposed by Lender) is also like bipolar, but requires only half the bandwidth of bipolar. In this code
    A 0 is transmitted by no pulse, A 1 is transmitted by a pulse f(t) or f(t) using the following rule: A 1 is encoded by the same pulse as that used for the previous 1, if there is even number of 0s between them.
    It is encoded by a pulse of opposite polarity if there is an odd number of 0s between them. The number 0 is considered an even number.

    Using the half-width pulse f(t), sketch the duobinary signal y(t) for an input sequence 11010010101110001 b) Determine R0 for this code if 0 and 1 are equally likely.
    a)

    EE4367 Telecom. Switching & Transmission

    Prof. Murat Torlak

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