ZGO-02-01-002 Precise Paging

Formatted: Space Before: 1 line

Feature Guide

ZGO-02-01-002 Precise Paging

ZGO-02-01-002 Precise Paging

Version Date Author GU V1.0 2012/06/18 Luo Zhiwen Reviewer Commercial Not open to the third party Notes

System Supporting Dept.

20142012 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. ZTE CONFIDENTIAL: This document contains proprietary information of ZTE and is not to be disclosed or used without the prior written permission of ZTE. Due to update and improvement of ZTE products and technologies, information in this document is subjected to change without notice.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 2 2.1 2.2 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 4 4.1 4.2 5 5.1 5.2 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 7 8 Feature Attribute ....................................................................................................... 4 Overview ..................................................................................................................... 4 Feature Introduction..................................................................................................... 4 Correlation with Other Features.................................................................................. 6 Technical Description............................................................................................... 7 Determination of VPC and HPC ................................................................................. 7 Subscriber Data Management .................................................................................... 7 Coordination with Core Network ................................................................................. 8 Support for Paging Hole Analysis ............................................................................... 9 Repaging .................................................................................................................... 10 Flow Control ............................................................................................................... 10 Parameters and Configurations ........................................................................... 11 Parameter List ............................................................................................................ 11 Parameter Configuration ........................................................................................... 11 Related Counters and Alarms............................................................................... 15 Related Counters ....................................................................................................... 15 Related Alarms........................................................................................................... 16 Engineering Guide .................................................................................................. 17 Application Scenario .................................................................................................. 17 Configuration Description .......................................................................................... 17 Network Impact .......................................................................................................... 18 Abbreviation ............................................................................................................. 19 Reference Document .............................................................................................. 19

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FIGURES
Figure 4-1 BSC Precise Paging Configuration Interface ........................................................ 12 Figure 4-2 Cell Precise Paging Configuration Interface.......................................................... 13 Figure 4-3 Visit Paging Cell configuration Interface ................................................................ 14

TABLES
Table 4-1 Parameter List ........................................................................................................... 11 Table 5-1 Counters List ............................................................................................................. 15

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Feature Attribute
BSC Version: [ZXUR 9000 GSM (V6.50.100)] BTS Version: [For SDRV4.11.10 and later versions] Property: [Optional] Related Network Element: NE Name Related or Not Special Requirements
Formatted: Widow/Orphan control

MS BTS BSC iTC MSC MGW SGSN GGSN HLR

Formatted: Left, Widow/Orphan control

Formatted: Left, Widow/Orphan control

Formatted: Left, Widow/Orphan control

Formatted: Left, Widow/Orphan control

Formatted: Left, Widow/Orphan control

Formatted: Left, Widow/Orphan control

Formatted: Left, Widow/Orphan control

Formatted: Left, Widow/Orphan control

Formatted: Left, Widow/Orphan control

Dependent Function: [None] Exclusive Function: [None] Note: [None]

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2.1

Overview
Feature Introduction
In the case of a large number of subscribers and high PS traffic load in a location area, there will be a great number of paging messages and immediately assigned messages on the CCCH channel and consequently congestion easily arises. One solution to this situation is to configure more CCCH channels, but this solution will reduce the available

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service channels. Therefore, the precise paging method is considered. First paging is performed in some cells where it is more probable to find subscribers and then the paging area is extended to the area required by the core network. As the first small-area paging presents a relatively high probability of finding subscribers, the number of paging messages is decreased and this in turn can save CCCH channels and increase the configuration service channels. The precise paging feature is described as follows: 1. The network first sends a paging message to a cell and the neighbor cells within its location area or routing area according to the location record saved in the BSC. If the mobile station does not respond to that message within a given period of time, then the BSC will also send the paging message to other cells within the LA/RA. 2. If the precise paging feature is not enabled for a cell and the known MS is located within that cell, then normal paging will be used. The precise paging feature should be able to be enabled as follows at the cell level: i. ii. iii. 3. Only the CS uses precise paging; Only the PS uses precise paging; Both the CS and PS use precise paging.

In case of precise paging, paging scope should be extended to the thorough LA or RA if the MS does not respond to the paging message within the time set by the timer. The timer should have a second-level accuracy and is configurable by the operator.

4.

The operator can configure the repeated paging message subsequently sent by the MSC or SGSN to be done so in the normal or precise mode.

5.

If the MS is within a cell for which this feature is enabled but this feature is not enabled for a cell adjacent to that cell, precise paging will be still applied to the cell with this feature not enabled.

6.

During the application of precise paging, the neighbor cell to which the paging message sent is not subject to the limitation by the boundary of the location area or routing area.

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The above mentioned cell and its neighbor cells where services were implemented last time are called VPC short for visit paging cells. To ensure better precise paging effects are achieved, the cells where a subscriber usually use telephone services can be determined by analyzing the subscribers moving behaviors and adopting a certain algorithm and are called HPCs (home paging cell). Precise paging cells include VPC and HPC.

2.2

Correlation with Other Features

None

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3
3.1

Technical Description
Determination of VPC and HPC
Configured based on the cell on the iOMCR, a VPC indicates a cell adjacent to the cell where the last service exists. It can be a handover or reselection neighbor cell, or can be configured additionally, but the configuration will be independent of whether the cell is within the same location area or routing area as the original cell is when the cell which is geographically near the cell where the last service is triggered is added into the VPC provided that the cell must be one under the control of this BSC. A HPC is selected from the cells where services have been triggered recently. Cells where subscribers have appeared recently are recorded by IMSI on the CMP of the iBSC (currently 16 cells are recorded). In case of insufficient available storage space, the cells where last services were implemented earlier will be replaced. As soon as the subscriber experiences the PS and CS services, the BSC records the cell where such services run and determines the unified HPC through calculation. To record the cell where the subscriber uses such services, the BSC must obtain the IMSI. For the CS service, the IMSI cannot be obtained from the initial access message if the TMSI is used and the MSC should send the IMSI to the BSC through the COMMON ID message. For the PS service, the IMSI will be obtained from the downlink message sent by the SGSN.

3.2

Subscriber Data Management

Subscriber data storage refers to recording the information about the cells where the subscriber uses services previously based on the IMSI. Such subscriber data is stored on each CMP in a load shared manner, each CMP can store data of 100000 subscribers and the earliest records will be replaced in case of insufficient available storage space. The IMSI is mapped to the CMP module number in such way that a number ranging from 0 to 63 is obtained by calculating with the IMSI and then the number is mapped to the CMP module. Under the circumstance that the module configurations are not changed,

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the load sharing table is subject to no change. The module configurations change with the mapping relationship and some previously recorded information will be lost.

3.3

Coordination with Core Network

1. Handling Repaging

When the BSC adopts precise paging and the MSC has implemented a multi-time paging setting, the BSC needs to be coordinated to the parameter configurations of the core network. The interval at which the MSC performs a paging should be set to be longer so as to allow time for the BSC to perform another paging. When the BSC received the messages, it will judge the paging as repaging performed from the core network if it detects a paging message cached last time. The BSC determines whether the repaging performed from the core network is done still in the precise mode or normal mode based on the parameter configurations. 2. Range of Precise Paging

The CS paging may be performed from Port A or GB and usually covers the location area, sometimes the entire BSC. The PS paging is performed from Port GB and mainly covers the routing area and also may cover the entire BSC. The VPC or HPC stored by the BSC may belong to different location areas/routing areas. When the paging unit is location area/routing area, the BSC decides whether to send a paging message to the HPC or VPC out of the current paging range based on the CsOutAreaPag/PsOutAreaPag parameter. The BSC sends a paging message to a cell out of the core network paging range due to the consideration that a few records about the location area in the MSC are not accurate because the MS has not completed location update or a location update failure temporarily occurred although the location change will be informed to the new location area at the network side when the cell phone is moved to another location area. Precise paging is also suitable for the scenario where the entire BSC is to be paged. For single-cell CS paging and paging performed to the BVC for the PS service, precise paging is not used.

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Precise paging and multiple paging operations performed by the BSC are more suitable for the case where one location area belongs to one BSC because certainly precise paging performed by one BSC will not be responded and thus paging traffic increase will be result from the subsequent sending of common paging messages when one location area belongs to two BSCs.

3.4

Support for Paging Hole Analysis

The principle for finding a paging hole is that: after a subscriber has been successfully paged in a cell represented by a LAC which is assumed to be the cell where subscriber resides, paging is failed once in that cell when the paging of that subscriber is not responded; if the cell where the paging is responded is not the original cell, then the cell where the subscriber resides is changed as the current cell and the paging is considered to be successfully performed. When the subscriber leaves the LAC area, accordingly the paging message will not be generated. Cells with poor paging effects can be calculated by making long-term statistics following the above mentioned principle. Such results, although of an estimation nature, can reflect the overall paging performance. After the precise paging is implemented, the paging hole can be analyzed by incrementing the counter as the cell where services were triggered for the subscriber is recorded and whether the paging is responded is known. But, it should be noted that the records about the subscribers location by the BSC are not complete and are not appropriate for analyzing the paging hole for a location area crossing several BSCs. The counter for the paging hole will not count until the time to the last services does not exceed the PagHoleTimer. The counting method is as follows: if the paging is responded, one paging to the cell where paging is responded is counted (paging has been successfully performed once in this cell); if the paging is not responded, then one paging which is performed in the cell where last services are triggered is counted once and is not responded once.

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3.5

Repaging
Currently, the core network and BTS can perform repaging. The core network will resend a paging message if it has not received the paging response a certain period of time after it has sends the paging message, while the BTS performs repaging during the idle time regardless of whether the repaging will be responded. While supporting precise paging, the BSC also provides the multiple searching feature which is similar to the repaging feature of the core network. The maximum paging repeat time is controlled through the CsPagingRepeatTime/PsPagingRepeatTime parameter. Multiple paging operations are also not suitable for a location area crossing several BSCs.

3.6

Flow Control
If it is decided that the BSC does not support precise paging or multiple paging operations from the time when the BSC has received the MSC paging message from Port A or the SGSN paging message from Port Gb, then the MSC paging message or SGSN paging message will be directly sent to the CMP module belonging to the target cell is located and the CMP module sends the paging message to the relevant cells. If the BSC supports precise paging or multiple paging operations, then the BSC obtains the code of the cell where latest services are triggered through the IMSI. If the PrecisepagUseHpc parameter is set to 1, then the BSC acquires the HPC list and obtains the VPC list of the cells where last services are triggered through the configuration data (the CsOutAreaPag/PsOutAreaPag parameter indicates that it is not allowed to perform paging out of the core network paging range, then relevant cells will be removed) and sends the paging messages to such cells and caches the same. When the incoming paging is responded within a cell, then the cached paging messages will be deleted. If the incoming paging is not responded, the paging will be performed within the range required by the core network after the timer times out. If the system still cannot reach any subscriber, then multiple paging operations may be performed based on the parameter configurations. If the core network performs downcoming repaging, then the BSC will process the repaging from the core network.

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4
4.1

Parameters and Configurations

Parameter List
Table 4-1 Parameter List SN Name PrecisePagSupport PrecisepagUseHpc CsRepagPrecise PsRepagPrecise CsOutAreaPag PsOutAreaPag CsPagingRepeatTime PsPagingRepeatTime CsPrecisePag PsPrecisePag VpcAgeTime PagWaitTime GGsmVpcRelationSeq refGGsmCell Figure
Formatted: Widow/Orphan control

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Figure 4-1 Figure 4-1 Figure 4-1 Figure 4-1 Figure 4-1 Figure 4-1 Figure 4-1 Figure 4-1 Figure 4-1 Figure 4-1 Figure 4-2 Figure 4-2 Figure 4-3 Figure 4-3

4.2

Parameter Configuration
1. On the Configuration Resource Tree window, double click BSC Precise Paging Configuration under OMMR Modify Area Managed Element GSM Logical Configuration Global Information Configuration to set such parameters as Support Precise Paging, Use HPC for Precise Paging, Adopt Precise Paging for repaging of Circuit Switched Service, Adopt Precise Paging for repaging of Packet Switched Service, Allow Exceed area Precise Paging for Circuit Switched Service, Allow Exceed area Precise Paging for Packet Switched Service, Paging Repeat Time for Circuit Switched Service,

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Paging Repeat Time for Packet Switched Service, etc on the BSC Precise Paging Configuration tab, as shown in the figure below.

Figure 4-1 BSC Precise Paging Configuration Interface

2.

On the Configuration Resource Tree window, double click Cell Precise Paging Configuration under OMMR Modify Area Managed Element GSM Logical Configuration Global Information Configuration Cell Information Configuration to set such parameters as Adopt Precise Paging for Circuit Switched Service, Adopt Precise Paging for Packet Switched Service, VPC Age Time, Paging Hole Timer, etc on the Cell Precise Paging Configuration tab, as shown in the figure below.

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Figure 4-2 Cell Precise Paging Configuration Interface

3.

On the Configuration Resource Tree window, double click Visit Paging Cell under OMMR Modify Area Managed Element GSM Logical Configuration Global Information Configuration Cell Information Configuration adjacent Relation Configuration to set such parameters as Parent DN, Visit Paging Cell ID, VPC Id, DN of GgsmCell, etc on the Visit Paging Cell tab, as shown in the figure below.

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Figure 4-3 Visit Paging Cell configuration Interface

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5
5.1

Related Counters and Alarms

Related Counters
Table 5-1 Counters List Counter ID C901110041 C901110042 C901110043 C901110044 C901110045 C901110046 C901110047 C901110048 C901110049 C901110050 C901110051 C901110052 C901110053 C901110054 C901110055 C901110056 C901110057 C901110058 C901110059 C901110060 C901110061 C901110062 C901110063 Number of CS Precise Paging Number of CS Precise Paging Response Number of CS First Paging Number of CS First Paging Response Number of CS Second Paging Number of CS Second Paging Response Number of CS Third Paging Number of CS Third Paging Response Number of PS Precise Paging Number of PS Precise Paging Response Number of PS First Paging Number of PS First Paging Response Number of PS Second Paging Number of PS Second Paging Response Number of PS Third Paging Number of PS Third Paging Response Number of CS Precise Paging for Last Service in This Cell Number of CS Precise Paging No Response for Last Service in This Cell Number of CS First Paging for Last Service in This Cell Number of CS First Paging No Response for Last Service in This Cell Number of CS Second Paging for Last Service in This Cell Number of CS Second Paging No Response for Last Service in This Cell Number of CS Third Paging for Last Service in This Cell Name
Formatted: Widow/Orphan control

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C901110064 C901110065 C901110066 C901110067 C901110068 C901110069 C901110070 C901110071 C901110072 C901110073 C901110074 C901110075 C901110076 C901110077 C901110078 C901110079 C901110080 C901110081 C901110082 C901110083 C901110084 C901110085 C901110086 C901110087 C901110088

Number of CS Third Paging No Response for Last Service in This Cell Number of PS Precise Paging for Last Service in This Cell Number of PS Precise Paging No Response for Last Service in This Cell Number of PS First Paging for Last Service in This Cell Number of PS First Paging No Response for Last Service in This Cell Number of PS Second Paging for Last Service in This Cell Number of PS Second Paging No Response for Last Service in This Cell Number of PS Third Paging for Last Service in This Cell Number of PS Third Paging No Response for Last Service in This Cell Number of CS Precise Paging (Paging Hole Search) Number of CS Precise Paging No Response (Paging Hole Search) Number of CS First Paging (Paging Hole Search) Number of CS First Paging No Response (Paging Hole Search) Number of CS Second Paging (Paging Hole Search) Number of CS Second Paging No Response (Paging Hole Search) Number of CS Third Paging (Paging Hole Search) Number of CS Third Paging No Response (Paging Hole Search) Number of PS Precise Paging (Paging Hole Search) Number of PS Precise Paging No Response (Paging Hole Search) Number of PS First Paging (Paging Hole Search) Number of PS First Paging No Response (Paging Hole Search) Number of PS Second Paging (Paging Hole Search) Number of PS Second Paging No Response (Paging Hole Search) Number of PS Third Paging (Paging Hole Search) Number of PS Third Paging No Response (Paging Hole Search)

5.2

Related Alarms
This feature has no related alarm.

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6
6.1

Engineering Guide
Application Scenario
This feature is usually used as required by the operator when CCCH channels need to be saved in case of a large paging volume, but it is recommended to disable the precise paging feature for cells with subscribers moving quickly. This is because usually the subscriber is located in the cells with subscribers moving quickly (cells covering highway, or those along the railway line) when paged but is probable that the subscriber has moved to an area out of the coverage by the cell and its VPC and HPC when paged for the next time, and at this time it is greatly probable that precise paging will be failed and the effects of precise paging will not be achieved.

6.2

Configuration Description
PrecisePagSupport The precise paging feature is usually used as required by the

operator when CCCH channels need to be saved in case of a large paging volume. PrecisepagUseHpc It may be considered that the HPC should be used for such

areas where subscribers move seldom as the office area, residential area, etc. CsRepagPrecise This feature is mainly set as required by the operator and it may

be considered that this feature should be enabled when the subscriber can tolerate longer connection time. PsRepagPrecise This feature is mainly set as required by the operator. It may be

considered that this feature should be enabled when the PS paging is performed for non-real-time services or real-time services can tolerate longer connection time. CsOutAreaPag Usually this feature does not need to be enabled. It may be enabled

when the BSC cannot obtain the IMSI and cannot record the subscribers location upon location change.

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PsOutAreaPag

Usually this feature does not need to be enabled. It may be enabled

when the BSC cannot obtain the IMSI and cannot record the subscribers location upon routing area change. CsPagingRepeatTime It may be set that multiple paging operations can be applied

on the BSC usually when the core network does not use the multiple paging operations. PsPagingRepeatTime It may be set that multiple paging operations can be applied

on the BSC usually when the core network does not use the multiple paging operations. CsPrecisePag It may be considered that the precise paging feature should be

disabled for the cells with subscribers moving quickly. PsPrecisePag It may be considered that the precise paging feature should be

disabled for the cells with subscribers moving quickly. VpcAgeTime This parameter may be usually set to be permanently valid. In case of

other values, the subscriber moving speed should be considered and how long the subscriber can move out of the VPC coverage as configured should be estimated. PagWaitTime This parameter should be set by considering the configurations of the

paging block and the transmission delay of the Abis port. VpcSiteId/VpcBtsId The VPC indicates a cell around the cell where the last service

exists. In the case that few VPCs are configured, the system may not reach any subscriber through precise paging and cannot reach any subscriber until the subsequent normal paging has been performed. In the case that many VPCs are configured, many paging messages are sent through precise paging. Which cells should be configured to be VPCs should be determined referring to the cell coverage and subscriber moving speed.

6.3

Network Impact
In the case of a large number of subscribers and large PS traffic load in a location area, there will be a great number of paging messages and immediately assigned messages on the CCCH channel and consequently congestion easily arises. One solution to this situation is to configure more CCCH channels, but this solution will reduce the available service channels. Another solution is to enable the precise paging feature.

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After precise paging is enabled, the system performs paging within some cells where it is more probable that the system can reach a subscriber and then performs paging within the range required by the core network in case of a failure to reach any subscriber. As it is greatly probable that the system can reach a subscriber within a small range, paging messages are decreased and thus this can save CCCH channels and increase configuration service channels. But due to the fact that the system may not reach a cell phone in precise paging it needs to further perform normal paging to reach that cell phone and this may extend the response delay. However, this situation can be avoided as possible as we can by appropriately selecting cells with precise paging enabled, e.g. cells covering highways where subscribers move quickly. In such cells, it is greatly probable that the system cannot reach any subscriber upon the first paging if precise paging is enabled for them. So, it is better to disable the precise paging feature. Enabling this feature will have no impact over the capacity of the BSC.

Abbreviation
HPC VPC Home Paging Cell Visit Paging Cell

Reference Document
None

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