APPROVED__________________________________________________________

EXAMINATION PAPER: ACADEMIC SESSION 2012/2013

Campus Maritime Greenwich

School Computing and Mathematical Sciences

Department CIS

Level 5

TITLE OF PAPER Advanced Programming

COURSE CODE COMP1549

Date and Time May 2013 - 2 hours



Answer any TWO of the following THREE questions.
Each question is worth 50 marks.

If you answer more than two questions, marks will ONLY be awarded for your
TWO best answers.

CALCULATORS AND OTHER ELECTRONIC DEVICES ARE NOT
PERMITTED









Advanced Programming
COMP1549
APPROVED__________________________________________________________


1. (a) Imagine that you have just started working for a small software
development company. You ask your manager what version control
system (VCS) they use. She replies that they don't use any because they
don't see the point of version control as they are a small company and
do backups every night. How would you explain why they should
consider using a VCS? Your answer should include the overall purpose
of a VCS and the main features that you would expect of a VCS. Also
include some examples of the types of problems that might occur if
they continue without using a VCS.

[20 marks]

[5 marks]
The overall purpose of a VCS is to manage, track the doc changes to the SW and potentially
are the project artifacts. So that, for example, changes can be undone if necessary any
conflicted updates by different developers can be resolved and any different branches of sw
can be maintained.

Main features [12 marks]
i) Ability to revert to any past version of the sw
ii) Ability to record reason for changes so you can find out particular changes were
made and why
iii) Ability to have different lines of development which can be remerged if necessary
iv) Allow multiple ppl to work on the same sw. In particular making ppl aware of
who is working on which piece of sw and helping to integrate changes

Examples: [3 marks]
a) 2 ppl might take a copy of a program to work on it. One may fix a bug and another
add a new feature. The changes made by one of the ppl will be lost when the sw is
copied back to the central store.
b) A bug maybe introduce by a change made to the sw. it may be difficult to revert to the
latest working version of the sw before the change was made.














(b) Study the two Java classes given
below. package junitq;

public class Utils {

private static boolean isValidRectangle(int a, int b)
{ return ((a > 0) && (b > 0));

}
/**

* Calculate the area of a rectangle

* @param a length of one side of the rectangle

* @param b length of the other side of a rectangle

* @return if a and b define a valid rectangle return the
* area of the rectangle i.e. a x b otherwise throw

* an IllegalArgumentException
*/

public static int calcRectangleArea(int a, int b) { if
(!isValidRectangle(a, b)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid rectangle");

}
return (a * b);

}
}

package junitq;

import static junitq.Utils.*;

public class Tester {

public static void main(String[] args)
{ System.out.println("calcRectangleArea(1, 1000) = "

+ calcRectangleArea(1, 1000));
System.out.println("calcRectangleArea(1000, 1) = "

+ calcRectangleArea(1000, 1));
System.out.println("calcRectangleArea(100, 100) = "

+ calcRectangleArea(100, 100));

}

}

(i) What would you expect the main() method in class Tester to
output when it is run?

[3 marks]
calcRectangleArea(1, 1000)=1000
calcRectangleArea(1000, 1)=1000
calcRectangleArea(100, 100)=10000


(ii) Class Tester partially automates unit testing of the method
calcRectangleArea() in class Utils. However, it suffers from the
serious disadvantage that the person running the test has to
check the output and work out if each test passed or failed.

Explain how JUnit helps to solve this problem. To help
illustrate your answer convert the three tests in class Tester into
three JUnit 4 tests. Explain the use of the @Test annotation and
the assertEquals() methods in your answer.

[12 marks]

it provides support for creating and running automated test that explicit tell you if test pass or
fail

@Test //identify a test method to be run by JUnit
Public void test1(){
assertEquals(1000, calcRectangleArea(1,1000));
} //assertEquals() a method that will cause a test to fail unless it two parameter are equal
@Test
Public void test2(){
assertEquals(1000, calcRectangleArea(1000,1));
}
@Test
Public void test3(){
assertEquals(10000, calcRectangleArea(100,100));
}
(iii) There is one important possible outcome of calling
calcRectangleArea() that the code is class Tester does not test.
Identify this result and write a JUnit test to check for it.

[5 marks]
The outcome as being the throwing of an illegal argument exception if the two parameters
dont define a valid rectangle.

@Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
Public void test4(){
Int result = calcRectangleArea(0,100);
}

OR

@Test
Public void test5(){
Try{
Int result = calcRectangleArea(0,100);
Fail (Should have thrown IllegalArgumentException);
}catch (IllegalArgumentException iae){
}
}


(c) JUnit is often used as part of Test-driven Development. Explain what
is meant by the term Test-driven Development and outline the Test-
driven development cycle.

[10 marks]
it is a technic where by programming proceeds in very small increment with an automated test
for each addition to the program being return before the code to satisfy the test.

The cycle:
1) to create the test for the new feature or improvement to be added to the program
2) run all the tests created so far. The new test should fail.
3) Write code that should make the test pass. Only write sufficient code for the test to
pass
4) Run all test created so far. Now they should all pass. If not go back to step 3 and fix
the code.
5) Refactor the code. Make sure all the test still pass
Start cycle again


2. (a) Explain the advantages of generic classes in Java.
[6 marks]

Generic classes enable the compiler to check that the class is being used with the correct types.
This is a major advantage for classes such as containers where w/o generic they have to work
with class object to be flexible. This means that type conversion errors could only be detected
at run time.

Generic allow simplification of coding because casting object back to their original type when
accessing them in a generic class is not needed.






(b) Study the two Java classes given below. Assume that any necessary
package statements and imports have been included. Line numbers
have been included in case you wish to refer to them in your answer.

1. public class Point {

2. private int x;

3. private int y;

4. public Point(int x, int y) {

5. this.x = x;

6. this.y = y;
7. }

8. @Override

9. public String toString() {

10. return x + ", " + y;

11. }
12. public int getX() {

13. return x;
14. }

15. public void setX(int x) {
16. this.x = x;
17. }

18. public int getY() {
19. return y;

20. }
21. public void setY(int y) {
22. this.y = y;

23. }
24. }

1. public class GenQ {

2. public static void main(String[] args) {

3. Point p = new Point(10, 45);
4. System.out.println(p);
5. }

6. }

(i) What will be output when the main() method in class GenQ is
run?

[2 marks]

10, 45
(ii) Give the code changes necessary to convert Point into a generic
class so that the variables x and y are both of the generic type T.
Add lines the main() method of GenQ to show that class Point
will work with various types including Strings and Integers.

[7 marks]

public class point <T> {
private T x;
private T y;
public point (T x, T y){
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}
@override
Public string toString() {
Return (+x+,+y+);
}
Public T getX(){
Return x;
}
Public void setX (T x){
This.x = x;
}
Public T getY(){
Return y;
}
Public void setY(T y){
This.y = y;
}
}


(iii) Explain what is meant by a bounded type and the purpose of
declaring a class where the type parameter is a bounded type.

Illustrate your answer by giving the code changes necessary to
class Point so that type T has an upper bound of Number. What
effect will this have on the lines you added to GenQ for part (ii)
above?

[9 marks]

A bounded type is a parameterized type that is limited. For example, a class for manipulating
number might want the type it deal with restricted to subclass of type number. That way code
within the class can make use of the method of class number rather than be restricted to those
of class object.

Public class Point <T extends number>
The attempt to use string as the parameterize type will now fail.










(c) Study the Java program given below. Line numbers have been
included so that you can refer to them in your answer.

1. class Toothbrush {

2. public void brushTeeth() {

3. for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
4. if (i % 2 == 0) {
5. System.out.println("up");
6. } else {
7. System.out.println("down");
8. }
9. try {
10. Thread.sleep(5);
11. } catch (InterruptedException ex) { }
12. }

13. }

14. }
15. class Person extends Thread {

16. private Toothbrush t;
17. private String name;

18. public Person(String name, Toothbrush t) {
19. this.t = t;

20. this.name = name;
21. }

22. public void run() {
23. System.out.println(name + " starts brushing");
24. t.brushTeeth();

25. System.out.println(name + " finishes brushing");
26. }

27. }
28. public class ThreadQ {

29. public static void main(String[] args) {

30. System.out.println("*** first line ***");
31. Toothbrush t = new Toothbrush();

32. Person alfie = new Person("alfie", t);
33. Person kat = new Person("kat", t);
34. alfie.start();

35. kat.start();
36. System.out.println("*** last line ***");

37. }
38. }

(i) Give sample output that the program could produce when run.
Comment on the output in detail and identify ways in which the
output may differ from that which you give.

[16 marks]

***first line***
***last line***
alfie starts brushing
up
kat starts brushing
up
down
down
up
up
down
down
up
up
down
down
alfie finishes brushing
kat finishes brushing



(ii) Explain the purpose of the keyword synchronized in Java.
Illustrate your answer by discussing what would happen if it
were added to the declaration of the method brushTeeth() in the
code above.

[10 marks]

Synchronized is used to lock access to block of code so that only one threat may execute it at
a time. Thus, thread sharing an object can be prevented from interfering with each other while
executing sensitive code.

If synchronized was added to the method brushTeeth():
Alfie or Kat could execute brushTeeth() at a time while the other waited to get the
lock.
This will ensure the up and down outputs alternate
Identifying some non-obvious eg that last line will still come out before the
brushing completes or that the 2
nd
persons start brushing statement will appear
while the other person is brushing


3. (a) Study the Java code given below. It consists of one interface and four
classes. It is prototype code written by a programmer who is
developing a library of code to allow access to location information.
Line numbers have been included in case you wish to refer to them in
your answer.

1. interface LocationSource {

2. public double getLatitude();

3. }

4. class GPS implements LocationSource {

5. public double getLatitude() {

6. System.out.println("getLatitude() in GPS");
7. return 51.48;

8. }

9. }
10. class Network implements LocationSource {

11. public double getLatitude() {

12. System.out.println("getLatitude() in Network");

13. return 48.85;

14. }

15. }
16. class LocationGetter {

17. public static LocationSource getLocationSource(
18. boolean indoors, boolean lowBattery) {
19. if (indoors || lowBattery) {

20. return new Network();
21. } else {

22. return new GPS();
23. }
24. }

25. }
26. public class PatQ {

27. public static void main(String[] args) {
28. LocationSource a = LocationGetter.getLocationSource(true, true);
29. double lata = a.getLatitude();

30. System.out.println(lata);
31.

32. LocationSource b = LocationGetter.getLocationSource(true, false);
33. double latb = b.getLatitude();
34. System.out.println(latb);

35.
36. LocationSource c = LocationGetter.getLocationSource(false, false);

37. double latc = c.getLatitude();
38. System.out.println(latc);
39. }

40. }


(i) What will be output when the main() method in class PatQ is
run? Explain your answer.

[9 marks]

getLatitude() in Network
48.85
getLatitude() in Network
48.85
getLatitude() in GPS
51.48


(ii) The above code is a very simple example of a well-known
Design Pattern. Give the name of the pattern. Give the standard
UML class diagram for the pattern. Explain the main benefit of
the pattern with reference to the example above.

[14 marks]

Design pattern = factory

factory class diagram
Factory - solution
UML.pptx


Benefit of factory pattern
a) A new type of product can be added without most of the system needing to be
changed
b) A new class implementing LocationSource could be added of the existing
implementation swapper


(iii) Having developed the prototype the programmer decides that
there should be at most one instance of the classes GPS and
Network at any one time. Which additional pattern could be
implemented to ensure this? Give the code changes required
classes GPS, Network and LocationGetter to implement this
pattern.

[14 marks]

Class GPS implements LocationSource{
Private static GPS obj = null;
Private GPS(){
Obj = new GPS();
}
Public static synchronized GPS getInstance(){
If(obj == null){
Obj=new GPS();
}
return obj;
}
@override
Public double getLatitude(){
System.out.println(getLatitude() in GPS);
Return 51.48;
}
}

Class Network implements LocationSource{
Private static Network obj = null;
Private Network() {
Obj = new Network();
}
Public static synchronized Network getInstance(){
If(obj == null) {
Obj = new Network();
}
Return obj;
}
@override
Public double getLatitude() {
System.out.println (getLatitude() in Network);
Rertun 48.85;
}
}

Class LocationGetter {
Public Static LocationSource getLocationSource (Boolean indoors, Boolean lowBattery) {
If (indoors || lowBattery) {
Return Network.getInstance();
} else {
Return GPS.getInsance();
}
}
}

(b) Design Patterns are one form of reuse. Identify and describe one other
form of reuse which we have studied on the course and compare and
contrast it with the use of design patterns.

[13 marks]

javabean
Inheritance


The comparison point
1) Compile code vs design knowledge
2) Level of abstraction involved
3) The life cycle that it applied in. Design pattern it may be identified in earliest stages.