Spring Test

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The key takeaways are that the experiment aims to determine the spring constant and modulus of rigidity of a spring using a testing machine by measuring the load and deflection. Springs are important elastic components that are used widely in mechanical and structural systems.

The spring constant was measured by inserting the spring into a testing machine and recording the axial deflection under increasing loads. The load and deflection readings were then plotted on a graph to determine the slope, which is the spring constant.

An engineer must consider the stiffness, potential for corrosion, ability to withstand temperature variations, and the number of compression cycles a spring can withstand before failure in the design.

tafila technical university

Faculty engineering

Title: Spring Testing.


Name: mohanad yousef Al-Tahrawi.


Date of submission: 24/4/2014



Lecturer name: Eng. Hamad Al- Amaireh .

Introduction
The Spring Constant of a spring determines its resistance to stretching by the application of a
load .In other words, if you load a spring, it will become longer and if you know the value of
the spring constant you can predict how long it will stretch.
The purpose of this experiment is to measure the spring constant of a Spring which came
from the suspension of a Volvo car. Also, we will learn how to use the Intron universal
testing machine. In the end we will really know how a spring works.

Objective:-
To determine the stiffness of the spring and modulus of rigidity of the spring wire.

APPARATUS: -
1) Spring testing machine.
2) A spring
3) Vernier caliper, Scale.
4) Micrometer.
DIAGRAM:-



THEORY: -
Springs are elastic member which distort under load and regain their
original shape when load is removed. They are used in railway carriages, motor
cars, scooters, motorcycles, rickshaws, governors etc. According to their uses
the springs perform the following Functions:
1) To absorb shock or impact loading as in carriage springs.
2) To store energy as in clock springs.
3) To apply forces to and to control motions as in brakes and clutches.
4) To measure forces as in spring balances.
5) To change the variations characteristic of a member as in flexible
mounting of motors.

The spring is usually made of either high carbon steel (0.7 to 1.0%) or medium
carbon alloy steels. Phosphor bronze, brass, 18/8 stainless steel and Monel and
other metal alloys are used for corrosion resistance spring.
Several types of spring are available for different application. Springs may
classified as helical springs, leaf springs and flat spring depending upon their
shape. They are fabricated of high shear strength materials such as high carbon
alloy steels spring form elements of not only mechanical system but also
structural system. In several cases it is essential to idealize complex structural
systems by suitable spring.

PROCEDURE:-
1) Measure the diameter of the wire of the spring by using the micrometer.
2) Measure the diameter of spring coils by using the Vernier caliper
3) Count the number of turns.
4) Insert the spring in the spring testing machine and load the
spring by a suitable weight and note the corresponding axial
deflection in tension or compression.
5) Increase the load and take the corresponding axial deflection
readings.
6) Plot a curve between load and deflection. The shape of the curve
gives the stiffness of the spring.




*Calculation And Figures




Load
(Kg)
Load
(N)

(m)

(Kpa)
K
(kN/m)
G
(Mpa)
G
avg
(Mpa)

1 9.81 0.001 37.407 9.810 0.1587
0.095 2 19.62 0.002 74.814 9.810 0.1587
3 29.43 0.012 112.221 2.4525 0.0397
4 39.24 0.028 149.628 1.4014 0.0227


Slope = 5.87 kn/m = k
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
L
o
a
d

(
N
)

(mm)
N = 64
d
inner
= 28.3 mm
d
outer
= 35 mm
D
avg
= 31.65 mm
PRECAUTION:-
1)The dimension of spring was measured accurately.
2) Deflection obtained in spring was measured accurately.

Conclusion
We learned a lot by doing this experiment. Springs are stiff and Intron machines can be
used to measure the stiffness by compressing it. An engineer also has to consider
corrosion, temperature and the number of times the spring can be compressed before it
breaks.

References
J.Shackelford, Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers, 3rd Edition, Simon and
Schuster, (1995).

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