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    Kinematics of Pure Bending

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    Rizki Ade Khoir
    1) When a bar is subjected to pure bending, axial lines bend to form circumferential lines while transverse lines remain straight and radial. The neutral surface experiences no extension or contraction. 2) The axial strain and stress in a bar under pure bending varies linearly with distance from the neutral surface. Stress is zero at the neutral surface and increases the further away from it. 3) For a bar under pure bending with zero axial load, the neutral axis must pass through the centroid of the cross-section. The bending moment is directly proportional to the radius of curvature of the neutral axis.

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    Kinematics of Pure Bending

    Uploaded by

    Rizki Ade Khoir
    403 views5 pages
    1) When a bar is subjected to pure bending, axial lines bend to form circumferential lines while transverse lines remain straight and radial. The neutral surface experiences no extension or contraction. 2) The axial strain and stress in a bar under pure bending varies linearly with distance from the neutral surface. Stress is zero at the neutral surface and increases the further away from it. 3) For a bar under pure bending with zero axial load, the neutral axis must pass through the centroid of the cross-section. The bending moment is directly proportional to the radius of curvature of the neutral axis.

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    Original Title

    Pure Bending

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    1) When a bar is subjected to pure bending, axial lines bend to form circumferential lines while transverse lines remain straight and radial. The neutral surface experiences no extension or contraction. 2) The axial strain and stress in a bar under pure bending varies linearly with distance from the neutral surface. Stress is zero at the neutral surface and increases the further away from it. 3) For a bar under pure bending with zero axial load, the neutral axis must pass through the centroid of the cross-section. The bending moment is directly proportional to the radius of curvature of the neutral axis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    403 views5 pages

    Kinematics of Pure Bending

    Uploaded by

    Rizki Ade Khoir
    1) When a bar is subjected to pure bending, axial lines bend to form circumferential lines while transverse lines remain straight and radial. The neutral surface experiences no extension or contraction. 2) The axial strain and stress in a bar under pure bending varies linearly with distance from the neutral surface. Stress is zero at the neutral surface and increases the further away from it. 3) For a bar under pure bending with zero axial load, the neutral axis must pass through the centroid of the cross-section. The bending moment is directly proportional to the radius of curvature of the neutral axis.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Pure Bending

    Kinematics of pure bending:



    When a bar is subjected to a pure bending moment as shown in the figure it is observed that axial
    lines bend to form circumferential lines and transverse lines remain straight and become radial
    lines.
    M
    M

    In the process of bending there are axial line that do not extend or contract. The surface
    descrived by the set of lines that do not extend or contract is called the neutral surface. Lines on
    one side of the neutral surface extend and on the other contract since the arc length is smaller on
    one side and larger on the other side of the neutral surface. The figure shows the netral surface in
    both the initial and the bent configuration.


    Neutral Surface
    y
    l
    o

    l
    y
    Neutral Surface
    -y

    The axial strain in a line element a distance y above the neutral surface is given by


    y y
    l
    l l
    o
    o
    =

    =

    =
    ) (

    where is the radius to the neutral surface.

    Stress distribution in pure bending:

    y !oo"e#s law$ the axial stress is given in terms of the axial strain by the relation


    y
    E E = =

    Therefore$ the axial stress is %ero on the neutral surface and increases linearly as one moves away from the neutral
    axis.

    y
    E =
    y
    Neutral Surface

    Axial load and the location of the neutral axis:


    A
    A
    y
    E A N = =


    &ross'section
    y
    N
    N
    M M

    There is %ero axial load in a member under pure bending. Therefore$ the axial load generated by the stress should be
    %ero. The axial load
    N
    generated by the stress

    applied on the area


    A
    of the cross section is given by the
    approximate relation

    A N

    The total load on the cross section can be calculated by integrating this relation over the cross section. This yields


    = = =
    A A A
    ydA
    E
    dA
    y
    E dA N

    ) (

    (ince the axial load is %ero during pure bending$ one concludes that for pure bending

    ) =

    A
    ydA

    The reader recalls that the location of the centroid of an area is calculated from the relation

    =
    A
    c
    ydA
    A
    y
    *

    Therefore$ for the axial load to be %ero$ the neutral axis must pass through the centroid of the cross section (i.e.$
    yc+)). In the event that the axial load is not %ero$ the location of the neutral axis relative to the centroid of the cross
    section can be calculated from the relation

    EA
    N
    y
    c

    =


    &ross'section
    y
    c
    C


    Bending moment and its relation to radius of curvature:


    A
    A
    y
    E A N = =


    &ross'section
    y
    N
    N
    M M



    The bending moment
    M
    about the neutral surface that is created by the normal load
    N
    resulting from the
    normal stress

    acting on the area


    A
    of the cross section can be calculated by

    A
    Ey
    N y M =

    ,

    Integrating over the cross section to get the total moment transmitted through the cross section gives


    = =
    A A
    dA y
    E
    dA
    Ey
    M
    ,
    ,


    -ecalling that the integral in this relation is the area moment of inertial I about the neutral axis (the line resulting
    from the intersection of the cross section and the neutral surface)$ the relation between the bending moment . and
    radius of curvature of the neutral axis of the beam becomes

    EI
    M =

    /rom this relation one can calculate the expression for stress as a function of the bending moment by substituting in
    the expression for axial stress this relation for the radius of curvature. This gives

    I
    My
    =

    Neutral Surface
    y
    I
    My
    =
    M


    0s can be seen in the figure$ the maximum and minimum normal stresses occur in the material that is furthest away
    from the neutral surface (either at the top or bottom of the bar depending on the actual direction of the moment).

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