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    Thermodynamics

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    MuhammadAhmad
    Thermodynamics is the study of energy conversion involving heat and temperature. The three main laws of thermodynamics govern energy transformation and flow. In large buildings, HVAC systems use these principles to heat and cool indoor air. Cooling systems circulate chilled water through ducts via chillers and cooling towers to lower air temperature. Heating systems pump heated water or steam through ducts from a boiler to raise air temperature. These HVAC systems precisely control indoor conditions while minimizing energy use according to occupancy standards.

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    Thermodynamics

    Uploaded by

    MuhammadAhmad
    156 views14 pages
    Thermodynamics is the study of energy conversion involving heat and temperature. The three main laws of thermodynamics govern energy transformation and flow. In large buildings, HVAC systems use these principles to heat and cool indoor air. Cooling systems circulate chilled water through ducts via chillers and cooling towers to lower air temperature. Heating systems pump heated water or steam through ducts from a boiler to raise air temperature. These HVAC systems precisely control indoor conditions while minimizing energy use according to occupancy standards.

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    Thermodynamics

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    Thermodynamics is the study of energy conversion involving heat and temperature. The three main laws of thermodynamics govern energy transformation and flow. In large buildings, HVAC systems use these principles to heat and cool indoor air. Cooling systems circulate chilled water through ducts via chillers and cooling towers to lower air temperature. Heating systems pump heated water or steam through ducts from a boiler to raise air temperature. These HVAC systems precisely control indoor conditions while minimizing energy use according to occupancy standards.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    156 views14 pages

    Thermodynamics

    Uploaded by

    MuhammadAhmad
    Thermodynamics is the study of energy conversion involving heat and temperature. The three main laws of thermodynamics govern energy transformation and flow. In large buildings, HVAC systems use these principles to heat and cool indoor air. Cooling systems circulate chilled water through ducts via chillers and cooling towers to lower air temperature. Heating systems pump heated water or steam through ducts from a boiler to raise air temperature. These HVAC systems precisely control indoor conditions while minimizing energy use according to occupancy standards.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 14
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that thermodynamics is the study of energy conversion using heat and other forms of energy based on temperature, volume, and pressure. It governs everyday systems like engines, air conditioning, and heating.

    The main units of measurement used in heating and cooling are the British Thermal Unit (BTU) which is a unit of heat, pounds per square inch (PSI) which is a unit of pressure, and foot pounds which is a unit of work.

    The main components involved in cooling a building are the cooling tower, chiller, and air duct. The cooling tower uses outside air to cool water, the chiller vaporizes refrigerant to provide a cold source of water to the air duct.

    HOT & COLD

    Basic Thermodynamics and Large Building


    Heating and Cooling
    What is Thermodynamics?
    Its the study of energy conversion using heat and
    other forms of energy based on temperature,
    volume, and pressure.
    Its all around you, everyday things such as your
    cars engine, air conditioning, and heating. All work
    off of the basic ideas and laws of thermodynamics.
    Measuring Heat, Pressure, & Work
    Heating and
    Cooling things
    have their
    own units of
    measure.
    BTU British Thermal Unit, unit of heat equal to
    the amount of heat required to raise one pound of water one
    degree Fahrenheit at one atmosphere pressure.
    PSI Pound per Square Inch, a unit of
    pressure
    Foot Pound a unit of work equal to the work done by a
    force of one pound acting through a distance of one foot in the
    direction of the force
    Back to the Basics: Phase Changes
    Distance between
    molecules expand
    Energy in the form of
    Heat is added
    Air can loose its
    moisture content
    Volume increases
    Distance between
    molecules contract
    Volume decreases
    Loss of kinetic energy
    on molecular level
    Gains density
    When Heating When Cooling
    Laws & Enthalpy
    Dont worry,
    these are
    more like
    basic rules
    Enthalpy?
    First Law- Energy can be transformed from one form to
    another, but can not be created or destroyed.
    Second Law- While quantity of energy remains the
    same the quality of matter/energy deteriorates gradually over
    time.
    Third Law- As your thermo system approaches absolute
    zero, all energy processes stop.
    Enthalpy- Simply the measure of energy in your thermo
    system.
    With the basics of Thermodynamics, we can
    now move to how these properties are applied
    in large building HVAC systems.
    The Heating and Cooling of Major buildings
    In the figure above, both the basic heating and cooling systems are laid out to
    describe their course through various components in a large building Heating
    and Cooling system (HVAC)
    The BIG picture!
    This system uses water (from cooling tower) to cool a refrigerant that is vaporized in a
    special machine called a Chiller, which produces chilled water. The chilled water is then
    pumped to a cooling exchanger placed in the air duct where air can pass through and
    drop is temperature. The water and refrigerant never mix.
    The Cool Side
    The cooling tower is one of the larger pieces to the air conditioning puzzle. These large
    units are placed on the outside of buildings and use outside air to cool water trickling
    down special cooling fins on the inside of the machine. You are used to seeing these units
    on the tops of large buildings.
    Component in Detail: Cooling Tower
    Located between the air duct and the cooling tower, the Chiller is
    where the real action happens. Refrigerant is vaporized and
    compressed via the refrigeration cycle to provide a cold source of
    water to the air duct.
    Component in Detail: Chiller
    This cycle works in a counterclockwise fashion, the chillers refrigerant is in a closed loop
    getting expanded and compressed to raise and lower its temperature. As its compressed, the
    temperature increases and requires cool water from the cooling tower to contract its molecules
    for the expansion valve. The expansion valve then provides the state change to turn the
    refrigerant to a cool gaseous for heat exchange in the evaporator.
    Further Detail: Refrigeration Cycle
    To heat a space, the system is considerably simpler. A heat source ( in this
    case a water boiler) is used to create steam or heated water. This water is
    then pumped to the heat exchanger coil placed inside the duct where air can
    pass through and collect heat.
    The Hot Side
    Air Conditioning and Heating Systems are right above you in every building
    working hard to make your indoor environment comfortable. The power required
    by these systems are a large portion of VCUs energy costs.
    Right Above You
    This Affects ...YOU!
    ME?
    Buildings are kept at very specific
    temperatures depending on the season,
    these set points ensure that no excess
    energy is wasted on over heating or over
    cooling buildings
    These set temperatures are the best fit for
    the buildings occupants to ensure a
    comfortable working environment. These
    temperatures are also set to meet ASHRAE
    (American Society of Heating,
    Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
    Engineers) and Commonwealth of Virginia
    Standards.

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