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    Spontaneous Potential (SP) Phenomena and SP Logs: Parts I and II

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    Thyago Oliveira
    This document summarizes the principles and applications of spontaneous potential (SP) logs. SP logs measure the natural electric potential in a borehole and can be used to differentiate porous reservoir rocks from impermeable shales, define bed boundaries, and determine resistivity of borehole mud. SP phenomena occur due to membrane potentials at formation-mud interfaces and electrokinetic potentials caused by ion transport. Static SP is influenced by the ratio of mud and formation resistivities and can be used to determine borehole mud resistivity. Quality control factors for SP logs include logging speed, tool positioning, repeatability, operating limitations, and data quality thresholds.

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    Spontaneous Potential (SP) Phenomena and SP Logs: Parts I and II

    Uploaded by

    Thyago Oliveira
    52 views23 pages
    This document summarizes the principles and applications of spontaneous potential (SP) logs. SP logs measure the natural electric potential in a borehole and can be used to differentiate porous reservoir rocks from impermeable shales, define bed boundaries, and determine resistivity of borehole mud. SP phenomena occur due to membrane potentials at formation-mud interfaces and electrokinetic potentials caused by ion transport. Static SP is influenced by the ratio of mud and formation resistivities and can be used to determine borehole mud resistivity. Quality control factors for SP logs include logging speed, tool positioning, repeatability, operating limitations, and data quality thresholds.

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    SP

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    This document summarizes the principles and applications of spontaneous potential (SP) logs. SP logs measure the natural electric potential in a borehole and can be used to differentiate porous reservoir rocks from impermeable shales, define bed boundaries, and determine resistivity of borehole mud. SP phenomena occur due to membrane potentials at formation-mud interfaces and electrokinetic potentials caused by ion transport. Static SP is influenced by the ratio of mud and formation resistivities and can be used to determine borehole mud resistivity. Quality control factors for SP logs include logging speed, tool positioning, repeatability, operating limitations, and data quality thresholds.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    52 views23 pages

    Spontaneous Potential (SP) Phenomena and SP Logs: Parts I and II

    Uploaded by

    Thyago Oliveira
    This document summarizes the principles and applications of spontaneous potential (SP) logs. SP logs measure the natural electric potential in a borehole and can be used to differentiate porous reservoir rocks from impermeable shales, define bed boundaries, and determine resistivity of borehole mud. SP phenomena occur due to membrane potentials at formation-mud interfaces and electrokinetic potentials caused by ion transport. Static SP is influenced by the ratio of mud and formation resistivities and can be used to determine borehole mud resistivity. Quality control factors for SP logs include logging speed, tool positioning, repeatability, operating limitations, and data quality thresholds.

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    Spontaneous Potential (SP)

    Phenomena and SP logs


    Parts I and II
    Lecture Presentations
    Carlos Torres-Verdn, Ph.D.
    Assistant Professor
    PGE368
    Fall 2001 Semester
    October 19 and 22, 2001
    Complementary Reading Assignments:
    1. Ellis, D., 1987, Well Logging for Earth Scientists,
    Elsevier Science Publishing. Chapter 3, pages 46-53.
    2. Introduction to Wireline Log Analysis, Western Atlas
    Logging Services, Pages 75-76, and 147-149.
    3. Schlumbergers Computer Animated Presentation on
    SP available from our course web site.
    Open Hole
    SP
    Measurement
    Principle
    SP SCALES
    The SP is measured in millivolts, mV.
    The scale on the log shows a number of mV per
    division for example 20mV/division. This gives a
    total for the track of 200mV.
    The scale across the track is variable and
    depends on the conditions in the well.
    The scale is set during logging to have the SP
    curve in the track over the zone of interest and as
    much of the rest of the log as possible.
    Tracks 2/3
    Spontaneous Potential (mV)
    ->10mV< +
    PRACTICAL USES OF SP LOGS
    Differentiate potentially porous and
    permeable reservoir rocks from
    impermeable shales.
    Define bed boundaries.
    Give an indication of shaliness (maximum
    deflection is clean sand; minimum is shale).
    Determine R
    w
    in both salt and fresh muds.
    SP LOG
    EXAMPLE
    R
    mf
    > R
    w
    SP LOG
    SALINITY
    EFFECTS
    SP PHENOMENA:
    MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
    and
    ION TRANPORT
    MEMBRANE POTENTIALS IN BIOLOGY
    CELLULAR
    MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
    BOREHOLE PHENOMENON
    SP PHENOMENA IN
    HYDROCARBON
    WELLS:
    MEMBRANE
    POTENTIAL
    and
    ION TRANPORT
    SP PHENOMENA IN
    HYDROCARBON
    WELLS:
    LIQUID JUNCTION
    POTENTIAL
    SP PHENOMENA IN
    HYDROCARBON
    WELLS:
    ELECTROKINETIC
    (STREAMING)
    POTENTIAL
    STATIC SP
    (SSP)
    SUMMARY
    STATIC SP POTENTIAL
    SP LOG
    EXAMPLE
    R
    mf
    > R
    w
    SSP SUMMARY:
    SP LOG
    EXAMPLE
    R
    mf
    > R
    w
    SP LOG
    SALINITY
    EFFECTS
    R
    w
    from the SP log
    R
    w
    is often known from client information or local
    knowledge.
    The SP can be used to check the value or to
    compute it when it is unavailable.
    It is especially useful when there are variations
    along the borehole.
    SSP = -K log [ R
    mfe
    / R
    we
    ]
    K is a constant - depending on the temperature.
    Kc = 61 + 0.133 T
    o
    F
    Kc = 65 + 0.24 T
    o
    C
    Log Quality Control
    Logging Speed:
    Any speed.
    Tool Positioning:
    centered or eccentered
    Repeatability:
    2 mV of baseline shift
    Operating Limitations:
    temperature 350
    o
    F
    mud - no oil based mud
    Data Quality:
    Periodic variations should be less than 1mV.
    Acknowledgements
    Schlumberger
    Baker Atlas

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