MAURER Swivel-Joist

Expansion Joint
MAURER Swivel-Joist Expansion Joint
Dependent on the size of movement
numerous centre beams are arran-
ged between the edge beams.
The center beams slide on obliquely
arranged swivelling support bars,
resting on elastic sliding bearings.
Lift-off from the sliding bearing is
prevented by means of a prestres-
sed sliding spring that is arranged
in the support stirrup underneath.
Only in the joist-box (i.e. at the
edge), the sliding spring is placed
above the support bar. Stirrups
provide constant prestressing that
is geometrically controlled.
Vehicles travelling over the expansi-
on joint transmit vertical and hori-
zontal loads to the centre beams.
The section forces resulting from the
eccentric wheel loads are transmit-
ted to the support bars (via pre-
stressed sliding bearings) by means
of the centre beams that act as
continuous girders with torsionally
elastic support. From there the for-
ces are transmitted into the edges
of the structure.
The bulbous-shaped EPDM strip
seal is installed in a claw in the
edge beam and centre beams with-
out the need for additional clam-
ping bars. The connection is water-
tight, with the sealing element set
below the road surface level. This
way it is protected against direct
wheel or snowplough contact.
As a rule, the admissible horizontal
displacement of the strip seal in
carriageway direction is 80 mm.
With its preformed articulated sec-
The MAURER Swivel-Joist Expansion
Joint is an enhancement of the
Girder Grid Expansion Joint, consi-
derably adding to the range of
application of the MAURER
Modular Expansion Joints. When
large and complex movements are
required then for geometrical and
economic reasons the use of
Swivel-Joist Joints are to be prefer-
red rather than Girder Grid Joints.
Also in the case of restricted space,
for instance in steel bridges and
with the replacement of old rolling
leaf type joints, the application
of the watertight Swivel Joint is
advisable.
The MAURER Swivel-Joist Expansion
Joints versatile movability makes it
suitable for variable deformations
along the bridge structure . The
joint cannot only follow the main
movement of the bridge in carriage-
way direction but also distinctive
movements in the 2 spatial direc-
tions perpendicular to the main
direction. Even rotations of the brid-
ge about the three spatial axes are
easily coped with.
The edge beams run parallel to
the structural edges. In order to
avoid material fatigue, the trafc
loads are transmitted to the ad-
joining reinforced concrete struc-
ture via anchor plates which are
rigidly connected to the edge
beams.
tion it is possible to move the strip
seal in direction of the carriageway
without any appreciable strain.
Installation of the expansion joints
is carried out in total length (i.e. in
1 piece) into the prepared recess.
The structural connection shall be
made in accordance with the rules
of reinforced concrete construction
and/or steel construction. The
installation is completed with the
connection of the waterproong,
followed with asphalting.
Type DS 320
displacement of
the support bar
on both sides
Replacement of a Roller Leaf Joint by
a MAURER Swivel Joist Expansion Joint
Design Principles and Main Components
Designation Description
Supporting Elements
1edge beam hot-rolled steel grade S 235 JR G2 with precision
tolerances combining good weldability with notch
toughness. Can be both shop and site butt-welded.
2 centre beam hot-rolled steel grade S 355 J2 G3 with precision
tolerances combining good weldability with
notch toughness. Can be both shop and site butt-welded
by a patented system.
3 support bar steel grade S 355 J2 G3, machined for precision tolerances.
Supports
4 sliding plate stainless steel in bridge bearing quality
material-no. 1.4401, sliding surfaces ground and polished.
5 sliding spring natural rubber with vulcanized steel plates.
Sliding surfaces of high strength PTFE sliding material.
6 sliding bearing chloroprene-rubber reinforced with vulcanized steel plates,
according to Bridge Bearing Standard DIN 4141, part 14.
Sliding surfaces of high strength PTFE sliding material.
Sealing elements
7 strip seal 80 EPDM or chloroprene-rubber with high resistance to tear
propagation, resistant to salt water, oil and ageing, availa-
ble in any desired length.
Hot vulcanization on site possible.
Anchorage elements
8 carriageway anchors at and round steel made of S 235 JR G2
at the edge beams
9 anchor studs at St37 K
the support boxes
10 support box S 235 JR G2, to accommodate the sliding bearings,
sliding springs, as well as providing the space required
for the support bars in motion.
Continuous in-house and eld qua-
lity control, the use of high-grade
materials, a quality assurance
system in complying to DIN EN ISO
9001 as well as an environmental
management system according to
DIN EN ISO 14001 ensure the high
standard of MAURER Swivel-Joist
Expansion Joints.
All design elements of MAURER
Expansion Joints are engineered in
high-quality materials. All synthetics
employed feature excellent resi-
stance to ageing, wear, and show
a superior performance to all kinds
of environmental impacts.
Relaxation of the bearing elements
is insignicant even after decades
of service. The sealing elements are
insensitive to physical stress.
National regulations are to be
taken into account in the choice
of the corrosion protection system.
We recommend using two-coat
zinc-rich paint as the primer and
epoxy-based micaceous iron ore
as the nishing layer.
Technical approval and independent
periodical inspection acc. to TL/TP-F
1
9
10
8
2
3
4
5
6
7
Functional Principles
The resilient bearings in respect to
torsion enable horizontal and also
vertical displacements of the struc-
ture as well as differences in height
of the joint edges in case of a
longitudinal slope.
The ample space in the joist-boxes
serves to accommodate the motion
sequence of the swivelling support
bars in motion. The total movement
of a support bar can be allocated
to the two edges of the joint arbi-
trarily. Quite frequently the move-
ment of the support bar is absorbed
at one side, for example at the
abutment, whereas at the opposite
edge the support bar can rotate
but is xed in its displacement.
It will also be possible that for
geometrical reasons, e.g. because
of prestressing cables, the one-side
displaceable support bars can be
arranged in an alternating way.
The total movement can be distribu-
ted to both edges of the joint as per
requirement or desire, for instance
in equal parts. In steel bridges the
edge structure is supported on canti-
levers or supporting girders parallel
to the end cross girder. As a rule the
cantilever plates that are xed to
the edge structure in the manufac-
turing site are then welded to the
steel end cross girder.
The centre beams of the Swivel-Joist
Expansion Joint can slide on support
bars with the help of sliding bea-
rings. By means of the geometrical
arrangement of the support bars
the position of the centre beams is
controlled such that the overall
width of the joint opening is equally
subdivided to the joint gaps between
the centre beams and between
the centre beams and edge beams
respectively.
This both simple and effective con-
trol mechanism means an important
advantage of the Swivel- Joist Expan-
sion Joint. Unrestrained absorption
of movements and simultaneous
transmission of trafc loads is safe-
guarded without additional control
elements and without any dened
direction of movement.
Type DS320
displacement of a support
bar that is xed at one side
view from below
In case of larger movements, in
order to avoid large spans the sup-
port bars are arranged in parallel.
In this case an additional restraint
is required or the positioning of
parallel support bars in the two
neighbouring trafc directions
must be arranged such that they
are inclined to each other.
In shifting the movement to the
opposite abutment, the eccentri-
cities of the trafc loads that are
introduced can be reduced to a
minimum.
Contrary to the Girder Grid Joint,
this type of Expansion Joint can
accommodate the largest move-
ments applied in bridge construc-
tion so far, which is facilitated by
the fact that all centre beams are
commonly supported by one sup-
port bar.
Versatility
MAURER Swivel-Joist Expansion
Joints can absorb all movements
customary in bridge construction.
The versatile mechanism of this
type makes it suitable for variable
skew angles along axes centred on
a xed point and also for complex
hybrid movements and rotations
about the spatial axes x, y and z.
The recess sizes given in the follo-
wing pages will give the planner
of the bridge structure some assi-
stance for designing. The distribu-
tion of a support bar movement to
each joint edge can be settled as
per requirement or liking, other
solutions than those shown below
can be designed as well. All dimen-
sions given are without obligation
to the planner. For every project all
dimensions will have to be deter-
mined case by case.
Geometrical restrictions which
might be the consequence of the
geometry of the boxes and
support bars, can be changed by
special design any time.
joint axis
direction of
movement
carriageway axis
type weight type weight
[kg/m] [kg/m]
DS160 270 DS720 930
DS240 350 DS800 1030
DS320 440 DS880 1140
DS400 530 DS960 1260
DS480 620 DS1040 1380
DS560 720 DS1120 1500
DS640 820 DS1200 1620
Due to the high standardisation
expenditure resulting from Technical
Test Specications according to
TL/TP-F only applications of
frequent use had been considered
(please also refer to the apper-
taining documents). In Germany
the admissible movement per joint
gap in transverse direction to the
joint-axis has been restricted to
n type u
x
u
y
*) u
z
*)
[mm] [mm] [mm] [] []
mid-position
2 DS160 130 (160) 80 10
3 DS240 195 (240) 120 15
4 DS320 260 (320) 160 20
5 DS400 325 (400) 200 25
6 DS480 390 (480) 240 30
7 DS560 455 (560) 280 35
8 DS640 520 (640) 320 40 90 45 any any
9 DS720 585 (720) 360 40
10 DS800 650 (800) 400 40
11 DS880 715 (880) 440 40
12 DS960 780 (960) 480 45
13 DS1040 845 (1040) 520 45
14 DS1120 910 (1120) 560 45
15 DS1200 975 (1200) 600 45
*) Values apply to standard design, bigger values are possible, too.
65 mm. However, all expansion
joints are designed to take move-
ments of 80 mm. The following
table shows the admissible
movements for standard designs
of the individual types.
The given numbers of the weight of
joints is only to calculate the size of
cranes and lifting devices.
Movement of support bars to one side only
Recess dimensions
All dimensions are rectangular
to the joint axis y.
n = number of sealing elements
a, f and l apply to a presetting
dimension e = 30 mm for every
joint gap and must be adjusted
by n x e in case of deviating
presetting dimension e.
recesses for footway joists,
restraints and tube openings as
a rule require prior consent
between the planner of the
structure and the manufacturer
of the expansion joint.
Smaller recess dimensions are
possible by special design of
MAURER.
170
40
a b
e
h
7
0
c
7
5
t
2,F
f t
1,F
I
F
7
0
a
t
2,F
e
f
l
F
t
1,F
270
2
8
5
7
0
h
I
G
v
a
r
i
a
b
e
l
f
t
G
t
G
1
1
5
1
5
0
a
t
G
t
G f
a
I
G
1
5
0
7
0
1
1
5
n type a b c h t
1,F
t
2,F=
t
G
f
min
f
max
I
F
I
G
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]
2 DS160 150 260 290 420 400 350 115 130 865 815
3 DS240 270 310 300 430 450 380 225 250 1055 985
4 DS320 390 360 310 440 500 390 300 370 1190 1080
5 DS400 510 410 320 450 560 400 410 490 1370 1210
6 DS480 630 460 330 460 620 410 520 610 1550 1340
7 DS560 750 510 340 470 680 420 630 730 1730 1470
8 DS640 870 560 350 480 740 430 740 850 1910 1600
9 DS720 990 610 360 490 800 440 850 970 2090 1730
10 DS800 1110 660 370 500 860 450 960 1090 2270 1860
11 DS880 1230 710 380 510 920 460 1070 1210 2450 1990
12 DS960 1350 760 390 520 980 470 1180 1330 2630 2120
13 DS1040 1470 810 400 530 1040 480 1290 1450 2810 2250
14 DS1120 1590 860 410 540 1100 490 1400 1570 2990 2380
15 DS1200 1710 910 420 550 1160 500 1510 1690 3170 2510
For structures acc. to directives TL/TP-F you must also observe the details given in the standard testing specications
MAURER structural dimensions concrete concrete
exp. joint recess dimensions gap dimensions
Presetting of gap dimension e = 30 mm
cross section through support box at carriageway footway cross section version 1
carriageway cross section at anchorage footway cross section version 2
All dimensions are rectangular
to the joint axis y.
n = number of sealing elements
a, f and l apply to a presetting
dimension e = 30 mm for every
joint gap and must be adjusted
by n x e in case of deviating
presetting dimension e.
recesses for footway joists,
restraints and tube openings as
a rule require prior consent
between the planner of the
structure and the manufacturer
of the expansion joint.
Smaller recess dimensions are
possible by special design of
MAURER.
Movement of support bars to both sides
Recess dimensions
t
F
t
F
f
I
F
a
e
b b
7
0
h
7
0
7
5
c
t
F
t
F f
I
F
a
e
2
8
5
270
7
0
h
I
G
v
a
r
i
a
b
e
l
f
t
G
t
G
1
1
5
1
5
0
a
t
G
t
G f
a
I
G
1
5
0
7
0
1
1
5
n type a b c h t
F
t
G
f
min
f
max
I
F
I
G
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]
2 DS160 150 215 290 420 350 350 115 130 815 815
3 DS240 270 255 300 430 395 380 225 250 1015 985
4 DS320 390 285 310 440 435 390 300 370 1170 1080
5 DS400 510 355 320 450 510 400 410 490 1430 1210
6 DS480 630 380 330 460 550 410 520 610 1620 1340
7 DS560 750 410 340 470 590 420 630 730 1810 1470
8 DS640 870 430 350 480 620 430 740 850 1980 1600
9 DS720 990 460 360 490 660 440 850 970 2170 1730
10 DS800 1110 490 370 500 690 450 960 1090 2340 1860
11 DS880 1230 515 380 510 730 460 1070 1210 2530 1990
12 DS960 1350 550 390 520 770 470 1180 1330 2720 2120
13 DS1040 1470 585 400 530 820 480 1290 1450 2930 2250
14 DS1120 1590 615 410 540 860 490 1400 1570 3120 2380
15 DS1200 1710 645 420 550 900 500 1510 1690 3310 2510
For structures acc. to directives TL/TP-F you must also observe the details given in the standard testing specications
MAURER design data concrete- concrete-
exp. joint recess dimensions gap dimensions
Presetting of gap dimension e = 30 mm
cross section through support box at carriageway footway cross section version 1
carriageway cross section at anchorage footway cross section version 2
Steel connection
Recess dimensions
All dimensions are rectangular
to the joint axis y.
n = number of sealing elements
a, f and l apply to a presetting
dimension e = 30 mm for every
joint gap and must be adjusted
by n x e in case of deviating
presetting dimension e.
recesses for footway joists,
restraints and tube openings as
a rule require prior consent
between the planner of the
structure and the manufacturer
of the expansion joint.
Smaller recess dimensions are
possible by special design of
MAURER.
t
F
f
I
F
a b 175
70
e
7
0
h
c
7
5
t
F
f
I
F
a 175
70
e
7
0
h
270
2
8
5
I
G
t
G
f
a 175
70 e
1
1
5
1
5
0
v
a
r
i
a
b
e
l
t
G
f
I
G
e
a 175
70
7
0
1
5
0
1
1
5
n type a b c h t
F
t
G
f
min
f
max
I
F
I
G
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]
2 DS160 150 260 290 420 400 385 300 310 700 685
3 DS240 270 310 300 430 470 400 350 430 820 750
4 DS320 390 360 310 440 540 410 460 550 1000 870
5 DS400 510 410 320 450 610 425 570 670 1180 995
6 DS480 630 460 330 460 680 440 680 790 1360 1120
7 DS560 750 510 340 470 750 450 790 910 1540 1240
8 DS640 870 560 350 480 820 470 900 1030 1720 1370
9 DS720 990 610 360 490 890 480 1010 1150 1900 1490
10 DS800 1110 660 370 500 960 500 1120 1270 2080 1620
11 DS880 1230 710 380 510 1030 520 1230 1390 2260 1750
12 DS960 1350 760 390 520 1100 530 1340 1510 2440 1870
13 DS1040 1470 810 400 530 1170 550 1450 1630 2620 2000
14 DS1120 1590 860 410 540 1240 560 1560 1750 2800 2120
15 DS1200 1710 910 420 550 1310 570 1670 1870 2980 2240
For structures acc. to directives TL/TP-F you must also observe the details given in the standard testing specications
MAURER structural dimensions concrete concrete
exp. joint recess dimensions gap dimensions
Presetting of gap dimension e = 30 mm
cross section through support box at carriageway footway cross section version 1
carriageway cross section at anchorage footway cross section version 2
Control of Swivel-Joist Expansion Joints
On the one hand, rigid control me-
chanisms guarantee an exact allo-
cation of the total movement to the
individual gaps, and this mecha-
nism also employs a clearly dened
support system. But on the other
hand such a rigid control is prone
to strains that are caused by
unplanned and unexpected move-
ments, such as dimensional toleran-
ces, difference in temperature in
the respective members of the joint,
and deviations from the designed
movement. Any support system that
neither accepts dimensional toleran-
ce nor is prestressed resiliently, gives
Type DS320
Control of the movement of
support bars to one side
cause to strong noise emission and
high wear. For this reason, modern
modular joints employ a resilient
control system. Usually this is achie-
ved by plastic springs that are either
being deformed along their longi-
tudinal axis or by means of shear
deection. The individual center
beams are connected by such springs.
Thus we have several chains of
sequentially arranged springs. As it
is the case with such a system, the
total resulting stiffness is a function
of the number of center beams,
or modules that are connected by
this way.
One exception is the swivel joint
system that is being controlled by
guided and shear-resilient torsion
hinges. This system has all the
advantages of the exact scissor
control system, but, due to its shear
resilience, in addition the swivel
joint system can also compensate
dimensional tolerances and strains.
Because each center beam is
controlled individually, the stiffness
of the horizontal support system is
independent of the number of
modules, or center beams. A swivel
joist system employs a control
mechanism with parallel arranged
springs.
If the superstructure moves, the sup-
port bars will be pushed through
the swivelling guiding bearings and
thus experience a swivel movement.
Due to the xed distances of the
torsion elements, this swivel move-
ment gives rise to an almost even
allocation of the total movement
to the individual gap openings.
For large and irregular movements
(e.g. from earthquake) there is no
alternative to the MAURER Swivel-
Joist Expansion Joint.
MAURER Seismic Expansion Joint
Earthquakes can generate structural
movements which are considerably
larger, many times quicker and
much more complex in their direc-
tion than those under normal
operational conditions. That is why
applications of that kind require
particular adaptation of the expan-
sion joint.
The conventional requirements set
to the operating condition are irre-
levant during seismic action. Of
particular importance is, however:
maintaining the serviceability
of the structure after the earth
quake at least for emergency
vehicles as well as
protection of the structure from
impact damages caused by
closing movements during the
earthquake.
As a rule, conventional expansion
joint systems can not full these
requirements. They are designed
for movement sizes and directions
under service condition. Whereas
surpassing the admissible single
gap widths during the quake is not
dangerous in itself, this will cause
the control system to be destroyed,
as well as the mechanical gap
width delimiters and the supporting
elements. During seismic action the
horizontally and/ or vertically
undenable direction of movement
will eventually result in a blockage
and destruction of the expansion
joint. Due to high accelerations
during a quake the sliding support
elements are destroyed. The result
will be a service breakdown of the
bridge which is of vital importance
for all emergency vehicles.
Employing a long and superior per-
formance history in normal service
conditions, the Swivel-Joist Expan-
sion Joint had been further enhan-
ced such as to also full the afore-
mentioned seismic requirements.
DS320
with fuse box,
Maximum
opened opera-
ting position
(s=80 mm)
Maximum opened
seismic position
(e.g.: s=150 mm)
Fuse box released
by earthquake,
when gaps closed
a.) General
There is a demand for reliable and
economic solutions to cope with
seismic strains. For operating con-
dition the MAURER-SeismicExpan-
sion Joint is dimensioned like a
Swivel Joist Expansion Joint, geo-
metrically adapted to the seismic
movements. By this, the number
of sealing elements as well as the
wearing parts and nally the price
are minimized. All movements are
transmitted without constraints
or damages.
b.) Direction of movement
The direction of movement is only
restricted by geometrical obstacles
in the support box. The unique
Swivel Joist design allows for all
kind of adaptations.
c.) Acceleration
Conventional modular expansion
joints are controlled by springs that
are arranged in series. Due to the
mass inertia of the centre beams,
seismic accelerations bring about
inadmissible gap width deviations
which nally destroy the supporting
structure. In case that gap width
delimiters should be provided here,
the admissible opening of the
Expansion joint is then however
restricted to operating conditions
only. The centre beams of MAURER-
Seismic Expansion Joints are
arranged in parallel, which means
that each centre beam moves
independently and hence it follows
that there only minor additional
gap width deviations will occur.
d.) Opening movements
The admissible gap width, which as
a rule is 80 mm, can be exceeded
during seismic action. The control
elements, following the "theorem
on intersecting lines", enable every
opening condition of the expansion
joint. By adapting the length of the
support bars, opening conditions of
whatever magnitude can be accom-
modated without strain. The sea-
ling element will be adapted such
as to follow the combined earth-
quake movements without the risk
of unfolding. If for economic reas-
ons the working range of the sea-
ling element shall be limited, then
by simple means this original
limit can be restored again after
the quake is over.
e.) Closing movements
When the expansion joint or the
structural gap closes, there might
result damages or even break-
down of the structure. For better
protection of the bridge structure,
MAURER SHNE has developped
a so-called "fuse box" in addition
to the new-style Seismic Expansion
Joint. If the expansion joint should
close in case of a quake, prede-
termined breaking points will be
activated. The anchorage system
disengages alongside a ramp
according to a dened failure load
and will return to its original
position as soon as the quake is
over. Stoppers provide temporary
xation of the position. Emergency
vehicles can pass the joints.
However, the anchorage will have
to be reconstructed. An application
of a fuse box can - as the case
may be considerably reduce
the number of sealing elements
required.
f.) Proof by testing
The behaviour of the MAURER
Seismic Expansion Joint was tested
at the University of Berkeley /
California, actually the only insti-
tution capable to do such tests.
A test specimen of type DS 560 in
scale 1:1 was subject to displace-
ments of extremely high velocity
and changing directions, at the
same time simulating a variety of
recorded seismic patterns.
Simultaneously longitudinal and
transverse displacements of
1120 mm, coupled with a vertical
offset of up to 6 %, were applied
at resulting velocities of up to
approx. 1600 mm/s. Even after
imposing 30 full seismic patterns,
no damages could be detected.
University of
Berkeley/ California
Testing equipment
maximum
transverse
displacement
Maurer Shne Head Ofce
Frankfurter Ring 193, D-80807 Mnchen
P.O. Box 44 01 45, 80750 Mnchen/Germany
Phone ++49/89/32394-0
Fax ++49/89/32394-306
e-mail ba@mchn.maurer-soehne.de
Internet www.maurer-soehne.de
Maurer Shne Main Branch Ofce
Zum Holzplatz 2, D-44536 Lnen
P.O. Box 6340, D-44520 Lnen
Phone ++49/231/ 43401- 0
Fax ++49/231/43401-11
Maurer Shne Subsidiary Plant
Kamenzer Str. 46, D-02994 Bernsdorf
P.O. Box 55, D-02992 Bernsdorf
Phone ++49/35723/ 237-0
Fax ++49/35723/237-20
B
A
1
7
D

5
0
0
0

1
1
.
0
0
Bridges with MAURER Swivel-Joist Expansion Joints
Storeblt East Bridge, Denmark
built: 1996
Suspension bridge
main span: 1624 m
type of joint:
DS2000 51.40 lin. metres
DS1520 25.70 lin. metres
DS1200 25.70 lin. metres
DS960 25.70 lin. metres
DS800 25.70 lin. metres
Stura di Demonte, Italy
built: 1999
Composite steel bridge
length of bridge: 2750 m
type of joint:
DS1200 24.50 lin. metres
Vasco da Gama Bridge, Portugal
with fuse box for
earthquake movements
built: 1997
Cable-stayed bridge
main span: 829 m
type of joint:
DS1440 59.00 lin. metres
Hga Kusten Bridge, Sweden
built: 1997
suspension bridge
main span: 1210 m
type of joint:
DS1840 36.80 lin. metres