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    16 2006 Karen Calhoun

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    Joseph Hayes
    This document discusses the changing landscape of library catalogs and information discovery. It notes that library catalogs are becoming less important as users increasingly begin research with search engines rather than library websites. Younger users in particular are more familiar with search engines. The document reviews studies finding that faculty and students use a wide range of materials, not just those indexed in catalogs, and explores how libraries can better support user needs and behaviors in the new digital environment.

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    16 2006 Karen Calhoun

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    Joseph Hayes
    63 views33 pages
    This document discusses the changing landscape of library catalogs and information discovery. It notes that library catalogs are becoming less important as users increasingly begin research with search engines rather than library websites. Younger users in particular are more familiar with search engines. The document reviews studies finding that faculty and students use a wide range of materials, not just those indexed in catalogs, and explores how libraries can better support user needs and behaviors in the new digital environment.

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    This document discusses the changing landscape of library catalogs and information discovery. It notes that library catalogs are becoming less important as users increasingly begin research with search engines rather than library websites. Younger users in particular are more familiar with search engines. The document reviews studies finding that faculty and students use a wide range of materials, not just those indexed in catalogs, and explores how libraries can better support user needs and behaviors in the new digital environment.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    63 views33 pages

    16 2006 Karen Calhoun

    Uploaded by

    Joseph Hayes
    This document discusses the changing landscape of library catalogs and information discovery. It notes that library catalogs are becoming less important as users increasingly begin research with search engines rather than library websites. Younger users in particular are more familiar with search engines. The document reviews studies finding that faculty and students use a wide range of materials, not just those indexed in catalogs, and explores how libraries can better support user needs and behaviors in the new digital environment.

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    Libraries, Catalogs, and the

    Strange New Digital Landscape

    Karen Calhoun
    IGeLU, Stockholm, Sweden
    September 2006
    Yellowstone Mud Pots
    The Way We Worked
    Books
    Journals
    Newspapers
    Gov docs
    Maps
    Scores
    AV
    Dissertations Library catalogs

    Special
    collections
    Manuscripts
    Papers
    Univ records
    Archives

    Journal
    articles
    Conference
    proceedings
    Etc.

    Abstracting &
    Indexing services
    From Dempsey, Lorcan, Eric Childress et al. 2005.
    “Metadata switch.” In E-Scholarship: A LITA Guide
    (Chicago: LITA).
    Unanswered Questions

     Who uses the online catalog?


     Who uses library Web pages?
     For what?
     How much?
     Compared to what?
     Compared to library e-resource
    discovery systems?
     Compared to Amazoogle?
    Fundamental Shift in Preferences/Landscape
    for Information Organization?

     Bibliographic tools vs. indexing and full text


    searching
     Are there generational differences?
     Differences based on discipline or profession?
     What about visual resources?
     What about digital data?
    Familiarity with Search Engines vs.
    Online Libraries
    College Students' Familiarity Ratings

    80 72
    58
    60 45
    Percent

    Search engines
    40
    20 23 Online libraries
    17 15
    20 10

    0
    Extremely Very familiar Somewhat Total
    familiar familiar
    Ratings

    College Students’ Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources: a Report


    to the OCLC Membership: http://www.oclc.org/reports/perceptionscollege.htm
    Where Do You Begin a Search for
    Information on a Topic?
    Starting an Information Search

    100 89
    80
    Percent

    60
    40
    20
    2
    0
    Search engine Library Web site
    Where Search Begins

    College Students’ Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources: a Report


    to the OCLC Membership: http://www.oclc.org/reports/perceptionscollege.htm
    Online library Collections Space

    Ga ps in S atis fa c tio n

    E-res o urces Eas y-to -us e Print o r e- Printed lib rary M ultimed ia
    remo te acces s web s ite jo urnals materials co llectio ns Sp ace fo r s tud y Gro up s p ace
    -1 . 6

    -1 . 4

    -1 . 2

    -1

    -0 . 8

    -0 . 6

    -0 . 4

    -0 . 2

    0. 2

    0. 4

    0. 6

    Und erg rad Grad uate Faculty

    LibQUAL+ 2005 Survey: Cornell University Library. Association of Research


    Libraries. http://www.libqual.org
    Cornell Catalog and E-Resource Searching, First Quarter 2005

    70000

    60000 Spring
    break
    Students E-resource
    Number of Searches/Sessions

    50000
    return system
    problems

    40000
    Catalog Sessions
    E-Resource Searches
    30000 Total (Library Resources)

    20000

    10000

    0
    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
    Titles in catalog: Weeks 1 to 13 Average/week
    > 4 million (Q1 2005):
    E-resources: Google: 441 million
    379 thousand Library: 47 thousand
    Networked E-Resources at Cornell

     Less than 10% of the collection


     More than 25% of the materials
    budget
     About 50% of the use
     All searches from library pages = a
    tiny fraction of the use of search
    engines
    University of Minnesota Libraries: Research
    Needs of Humanists and Social Scientists
    Library's Most Important Roles
    93
    100 80
    80 65
    Percent

    60 39
    40 25
    20
    0
    Collector and Resource for Repository for Developer of Place for
    purchaser of finding and preservation technology research and
    collections retrieving and tools study
    information

    Available from http://www.lib.umn.edu/about/mellon/docs.phtml


    Full report and a variety of presentations, e.g.,
    Karen Williams, Charleston Conference. "Lively Lunch: The Same…
    But Different: Varying User Behavior in the Humanities and Social Sciences"
    University of Minnesota Libraries
    Study: More Findings

     Humanities and social sciences faculty


    and grad students work primarily from
    home
     Library space remains more important to
    grad students than faculty members
     Employ a wide variety of research
    materials, esp. primary source materials,
    also including data and multimedia
     Faculty and grad students need help
    organizing and managing their research
    materials
     Library has the opportunity to play a
    more proactive role
    Review of Unanswered Questions
     Who uses the online catalog?
     Faculty and graduate students (comparatively
    more)
     Undergraduates (comparatively less)
     Who uses library Web pages? How much?
     Strong preference for search engines
     For what?
     Published materials (mostly monographs?)
     Keen interest in primary source materials,
    data, images, multimedia—all outside the
    catalog
    Review of Unanswered Questions, 2

     Compared to what?
     Strong use of e-resource discovery
    systems outside the catalog
     Strong preference for search engines
     Some are familiar with bibliographic
    data/tools, many are not (and find
    what they want anyway?)
     Graduate students may be the least
    satisfied with how libraries are serving
    them
    The Way We Worked
    Books
    Journals
    Newspapers
    Gov docs
    Maps
    Scores
    AV
    Dissertations Library catalogs

    Special
    collections
    Manuscripts
    Papers
    Univ records
    Archives

    Journal
    articles
    Conference
    proceedings
    Etc.

    Abstracting &
    Indexing services
    The Decline of the Catalog
     Users bypassing the catalog
     89% of college students say they begin with search
    engines vs 2% with library Web pages
     One piece of a fragmented library
    information landscape (and hard to use!)
     Principle of Least Effort
     Metasearch in trouble
     Cataloging tradition unsustainable
     “Just how much do we need to continue to spend on
    carefully constructed catalogs?”—Deanna Marcum,
    LC Associate Librarian

    Calhoun, Karen. The Changing Nature of the Catalog and Its Integration
    with Other Discovery Tools. Washington, DC: Library of Congress,
    17 March 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/calhoun-report-final.pdf
    A New Kind of Library

     Build a vision of a new kind


    of library
     Be more involved with
    research and learning
    materials and systems
     Be more engaged with
    campus communities
     Make library collections and
    librarians more visible
     Move to next generation
    systems and services

    An online social network


    Information Silos

    7 UNDERGRADUATE COLLEGES
    AND SCHOOLS, 7
    21 LIBRARY SYSTEM
    GRADUATE/PROFESSIONAL
    COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS

    PUBLIC SERVICES “INFORMATION NETWORK” PROCESSES


    TECH SERVICES
    COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT

    IT
    Outreach: A BOTH/AND World

    DATA

    PEOPLE
    Next Generation Integrated Library
    System? --Modularity

     “ILSes should think in


    terms of linking rather
    than building”
     Decoupling discovery
    and inventory
    management
    functions
     Standards
    Toward a New Library Information
    Space

     Emerging  Today’s Methods


    Objectives and Tools
     Integrate access to all  Web-accessible lists +
    library resources (print, catalogs
    archives, digital, e-)  Federated searching
     Simplify digital and e-  Reference linking
    resource management (OpenURL)
    (lower costs AND improve  Portals
    service)  E-resource management
     Become visible in the user’s systems
    environment (i.e., on open  Digital asset management
    Web, on course pages, systems
    etc.)
    The Portal Dream, Version 1: A
    Unifying Local System
    Unified Web Interface (“Google-like”)
    Authentication layer

    Federated searching (metasearch)

    Other Libraries Local Library Digital Licensed Other


    Catalogs Catalog Collections Databases (e.g.,DSpace)

    Many diverse, separate interfaces


    Extending the Local Portal Dream

    Find It At
    Cornell

    Handbook of Usability Testing


    Linking from Google Scholar to the
    Cornell online catalog.
    Meetup
    Outward Integration

    “Integration should be outward rather


    than inward, with libraries seeking to use
    their components in new ways”
    --Interviewee for LC report on future of
    the catalog
    From a Distance!
    Longer Term Vision
     Switch users from where they find things to library-
    managed collections of all kinds
     Local catalog one link in a chain of services, one
    repository managed by the library
     More coherent and comprehensive scholarly
    information systems, perhaps by discipline
     Infrastructure to permit global discovery and delivery
    of information among open, loosely-coupled systems
     Critical mass of digitized publications and special
    collections online
     Many starting points on the Web leading to many types
    of scholarly information objects
    Find It on Google,* Get It from My
    Library
     Open WorldCat
     RedLight Green
     Google Scholar
     Google Book Search
     Google Library Project
     Million Book Project
     Open Content Alliance
     E-books
     Print on demand

    *The word "google" was first used in the 1927 Little Rascals silent film
    "Dog Heaven", used to refer to a having a drink of water.
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_(verb)
    Intermediate Vision
     Better library interface > better user
    experience “fun, fast, and focused” (e.g.,
    Primo)
     Draw on the local catalog’s strongest suit:
    support for inventory control and delivery
     Shared online catalogs: begin to
    aggregate discovery function for books,
    serials, and their e-counterparts
     Larger scale collaboration on collection
    development/resource sharing, storage,
    preservation
    Intermediate Vision, 2

     Start to build bigger scholarly


    information environments—with
    libraries playing a role—to
    aggregate more of the expanding
    universe of scholarly digital assets
     Metadata and outreach skills =
    strategic assets
    Intermediate Vision, 3

     Beginning of the era of special


    collections
     Aggregate discovery of digital
    collections
     More emphasis on visual resources
    Teaching, Learning, and Research, the Next
    Generation

    Thank You!
    Karen Calhoun,
    Cornell University
    ksc10@cornell.edu

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