Osha-TOPIC 1: What Is Occupational Health and Safety?
Osha-TOPIC 1: What Is Occupational Health and Safety?
Osha-TOPIC 1: What Is Occupational Health and Safety?
I. Introduction
What is occupational health and safety?
Occupational health and safety is a discipline with a broad scope involving many specialized
fields. In its broadest sense, it should aim at:
the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social
well-being of workers in all occupations;
the prevention among workers of adverse effects on health caused by their working
conditions;
the protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors
adverse to health;
the placing and maintenance of workers in an occupational environment adapted to
physical and mental needs;
the adaptation of work to humans.
In other words, occupational health and safety encompasses the social, mental and physical
well-being of workers, that is the whole person.
Why is occupational health and safety important?
Work plays a central role in people's lives, since most workers spend at least eight hours a
day in the workplace, whether it is on a plantation, in an office, factory, etc. Therefore, work
environments should be safe and healthy. Yet this is not the case for many workers. Every
day workers all over the world are faced with a multitude of health hazards, such as:
dusts;
gases;
noise;
vibration;
extreme temperatures.
Unfortunately some employers assume little responsibility for the protection of workers'
health and safety. In fact, some employers do not even know that they have the moral and
often legal responsibility to protect workers. As a result of the hazards and a lack of attention
given to health and safety, work-related accidents and diseases are common in all parts of the
world.
Health and safety programmes
For all of the reasons given above, it is crucial that employers, workers and unions are
committed to health and safety and that:
workplace hazards are controlled - at the source whenever possible;
records of any exposure are maintained for many years;
both workers and employers are informed about health and safety risks in the
workplace;
there is an active and effective health and safety committee that includes both workers
and management;
worker health and safety efforts are ongoing.
Effective workplace health and safety programmes can help to save the lives of workers by
reducing hazards and their consequences. Health and safety programmes also have positive
effects on both worker morale and productivity, which are important benefits. At the same
time, effective programmes can save employers a great deal of money.
Points to remember
1. Occupational health and safety encompasses the social, mental and physical well-
being of workers in all occupations.
2. Poor working conditions have the potential to affect a worker's health and safety.
3. Unhealthy or unsafe working conditions can be found anywhere, whether the
workplace is indoors or outdoors.
4. Poor working conditions can affect the environment workers live in. This means that
workers, their families, other people in the community, and the physical environment
around the workplace, can all be at risk from exposure to workplace hazards.
5. Employers have a moral and often legal responsibility to protect workers.
6. Work-related accidents and diseases are common in all parts of the world and often
have many direct and indirect negative consequences for workers and their families.
A single accident or illness can mean enormous financial loss to both workers and
employers.
7. Effective workplace health and safety programmes can help to save the lives of
workers by reducing hazards and their consequences. Effective programmes can also
have positive effects on both worker morale and productivity, and can save
employers a great deal of money.