ADAMSON UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

IN

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

(DRYING)

Submitted by
GROUP 8
AGUIRRE, RAZELE JOY I.
BORBE, MA. FATIMA D.
GAMMAD, KENNETH
LAROYA, MARK, ANTHONY
MANUEL, IRENE JOY A.
MENDOZA, MICHELLE R.
PAPIO, JOSEPH
GONZAGA, MARK

DRYING
Ten Metric tons per hour of crushed coal with 15.1% moisture (wb) is to be dried to 5% moisture
(wb) in a countercurrent continuous rotary drier using hot air entering the drier at 180°F and 10%
RH, and then leaving at 40% RH. How much hot air in cubic feet per minute will be needed for
the operation? Assume adiabatic operation.

Air
t1 = 180°F Air
RH1 = 10% Adiabatic RH2 = 40%
q1=? Continuous Drier Hy2

L’

X2 = 0.05 (wb) L1 = 10,000 kg/hr

x1 = 0.151 (wb)

Solution:

Assume adiabatic drying: (tw = Const.)

L’ = L1 [1- x1(wb)] x1(db) = 0.151/(1-0.151) = 0.178

= 10,000(1-0.151) x2(db) = 0.05/(1-0.05) = 0.053
L’ =8,940 kh/hr

H1(t1 = 180°F, RH1 = 10%) = 0.034

Adiabatic Drying: tw1 = tw2

tw1(t1 = 180°F, RH1 = 10%) = 106°F
tw1 = tw2 = tw = 106°F

H2(tw2 = 106°F, RH2 = 40%) = 0.045°F

W = L’(x1 – x2)/(H2 – H1) = 8940(0.178 – 0.053)/(0.045-0.034)

= 77,953.64 kgDA/hr(2.205)
W = 212,732.3864 lbDA/hr

359 T 1 H 1 1
VH1 = ( +
492 P 1 18 29 )
 359(180+460) 0.034 1
= +
492(1) 18 29

VH1 = 16.98 ft³ moist air/lb DA

q1 = volumetric flow rate of entering air

= WVH
= 212,732.3864(16.98)(1 hr/60 min)

q1 = 60,203.26 ft³ moist air/min

A wet solid is dried from 35 % to 10 % under constant drying conditions in 5 hours. If the
equilibrium moisture content is 4% and the critical moisture content is 14%, how long will it
take to dry 6% moisture under the same conditions? All moisture content are on wet basis.

Given:

Case I:

Xi = 0.35 (wb) Xe = 0.04 (wb)

Xf = 0.1 (wb) Xc = 0.14 (wb)

Case II:

Xf = 0.06 (wb) Xe = 0.04

Xi = 0.35 (wb) Xc = 0.14

Solution:

Ө= W (Xi – Xc) + (Xc – Xe) ln Xc- Xe

ARc Xf -Xe
Xi = 0.35 / 1-0.35 = 0.5385 Xe = 0.04 / 1 – 0.04 = 0.04167

Xf = 0.1/ 1 – 0.1 = 0.111 Xc = 0.14 / 1 – 0.14 = 0.1628

Xf2 = 0.06 / 1 – 0.06 = 0.0638

5hrs = W (0.5385 – 0.1628) + (0.1628 – 0.04167) ln 0.1628 – 0.04167

ARc 0.1111 – 0.04167

W = 11.2838 kg / hrs.

ARc

Case II:

Ө = 11.2838 (05385 – 0.1628) + (0.1628 – 0.04167) ln 0.1628 – 0.04167

0.0638 – 0.04167

Ө = 6.56 hrs
 ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

IN

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

(Final Requirement)

Submitted by:
AGUIRRE, RAZELE JOY I.
BORBE, MA. FATIMA D.
GAMMAD, KENNETH
MANUEL, IRENE JOY A.
MENDOZA, MICHELLE R.
PAPIO, JOSEPH

DISTILLATION
A mixture of 2 mol% ethanol and 98 mol% water is to be stripped in a plate column to a bottom
product containing not more than 0.01 mol% ethanol. Steam, admitted through an open coil in
the liquid on the bottom plate, is to be used as a source of vapor. The feed is at its boiling point.
The steam flow is to be 0.2 mole per mole of feed. For ethanol-water solutions, the equilibrium
line is given by ye = 9.0xe. How many ideal plates are needed?

Solution:
Both equilibrium and operating lines are straight. Steam enters as a vapor, therefore no
need for a reboiler. Also, the liquid flow in the tower equals the feed entering the column. By
the conditions,
F = Ĺ = 1 V́ = 0.2 x b = 0.0001 m = 9.0
x a = 0.02 yb = 0 ¿
y a = 9.0 x 0.02 = 0.18
y a = 0.0001 y ¿b = 9.0 x 0.0001 = 0.0009

Material Balance:

V́ = 1
y a = 0.0001

F=1
x a = 0.02

Ĺ = 1 V́ = 0.2
x b = 0.0001 yb = 0

Overall Ethanol Balance:

V́ ( y a − y b ) = Ĺ ( x a−x b )
0.2( y ¿¿ a−0) ¿ = 1 (0.02 – 0.0001)
y a = 0.0995
 ( y a− y ¿a )

N=
ln
[ ¿
( y b− y b )
¿ ¿
]
( y b− y a )
ln
[
( y b− y a ) ]
( 0.0995−0.18 )

=
ln
[ ( 0−0.009 ) ]
( 0.0009−0.18 )
ln
[ ( 0−0.0995 ) ]
ln 89.4
=
ln 1.8

N = 7.6 ideal plates

EXTRACTION

One hundred grams of pure ethylene glycol is added to 120g of a mixture containing 75 %wt.
ethyl benzene and 25 %wt. styrene and the resulting blend is allowed to equilibrate at 25°C. How
much styrene transfers to the ethylene glycol phase, assuming the ethylene glycol and ethyl
benzene are immiscible?

Given:

T = 25°C
Styrene (solute B)
Ethylene glycol (S)
Ethyl benzene (A)
K = 0.019 (from table)
K = y/x
S = 100g

R
B

F (feed)
A
B = 0.25(120) = 30 g
E
A = 0.75 (120) = 90 g
S

Let w = wt. of styrene in extract (E)

y/x = w___

w + 100 ___ = 0.190

30 – w

90 + 30 - w

W = 4.39 g of styrene was extracted

%rec. = W / 30 x 100 = 14.64%

FLOW OF FLUIDS
A shell and tube process heater is to be selected to heat water (Cp = 4,190 J / kg-°C) from 20°C
to 90°C by steam flowing on the shell side. The heat transfer load of the heater is 600 KW. If the
inner diameter of the tubes is 1 cm and the velocity of water is not to exceed 3 m/s, determine
how many tube passes need to be used in the heat exchanger?

Given:

Cp = 4,190 J / kg-°C

Tca = 20°C

Tha = 90°C

Q = 600 KW

Di = 1 cm = 0.01 m

Vmax = 3 m/s

Solution:

Q = mCpdT

Mc = 600,000 J/s = 2.04 kg/s

(4190)(70) J/kg

ρH2O @ 55°C = 985.655 kg/m3

V = m / ρ = 2.04 kg/s / 985.655 kg/ m3 = 2.07x10-3 m3/s

n = VT / (3 m/s) (π/4 (0.01)2 )

n = 8.49 = 8 tube passes

Cold H2O (Cp = 4180 J/kg-°C) enter the tubes of a heat exchanger with 2-shell passes and 20
tube-passes at 20°C at a rate of 3 kg/s, while hot oil (Cp=2200 J/kg-°C) exited the shell at 130°C
at the same mass flow rate. The overall heat transfer coefficient based on the outer surface of the
tube is 300 W/m2-°C and the heat transfer surface area on that side is 20m2. Determine the rate of
heat transfer using LMTD method and NTU method.

Given:

H2O(cold) Oil(hot) Uo = 300 W/ m2-°C

Cp = 4180 J/ kg-°C Cp = 2200 J/ kg-°C Ao = 20 m2

Tca = 20°C Tha = 130°C ε = 0.5

Mc= 3 kg/s Mh = 3 kg/s

Solution:

b) NTU method a) LMTD method

Cc = (3) (4150) = 12,540 J/ s-°C Q = Cc (ΔT)

Ch = (3) (2200) = 6,600 J / s-°C Q = (12,540)(Tcb – 20)

Cmin = Ch = 6,600 / 12,540 = 0.53 363,000 = 12540 (Tcb – 20)

Tcb = 48.95°C

NTU = UA / Cmin = (300)(20) = 0.91 363,000 = 6,600(130 – Thb)

6,600 Thb = 75°C

Q = ε (Cmax)

Q = (0.5) (6,600) (130.20) = 363,000 W ΔTLM = (130 – 48.95) – (75 – 20) = 67.19°C

Ln (130 – 48.95)
 (75 – 20)

Z = 1.9 = (Tha – Thb) / (Tcb – Tca)

nH = 0.26 = Tcb – Tca) / (Tha – Tca)

Ft = 0.98 from fig.11.4 ChE H.B

Q = UoAoFT ΔTLM

Q = (300)(20)(0.98)(67.19)

Q = 395,077.2 W

SCREENING
Given the screen analysis of a product, determine the particle size based on weight mean
diameter and surface mean diameter.

Size of apperture, in mm % product based on no. of particles

through 6 100
on 4 6
on 2 18
on 0.75 23
on 0.55 8
on 0.25 17
on 0.125 3
through 0.125 5
Solution:
NiDpav NiDp²av NiDp³av NiDp⁴av
  Dp ave. Ni e e e e
-6 + 4 (6+4)/2 = 5 0.26 1.3 6.5 32.5 162.5
-4 +2 (4+2)/2 =3 0.18 0.54 1.62 4.86 14.58
-2 + 0.75 (2+0.75)/2 =1.375 0.23 0.31625 0.43484 0.59791 0.82213
-0.75+0.5 (0.75+0.5)/2 = 0.625 0.08 0.05 0.03125 0.01953 0.01221
-0.5+0.25 (0.5+0.25)/2 = 0.375 0.17 0.06375 0.02391 0.00896 0.00336
(0.25+0.125)/2=
-0.25+0.125 0.1875 0.03 0.00563 0.00105 0.0002 3.7E-05
-0.125+0 0.125 0.05 0.00625 0.00078 9.8E-05 1.2E-05
    ∑ 1 2.28188 8.61184 37.9867 177.918

(a) Weight Mean Diameter

Dpm=∑((Ni(Dpave)⁴)/(Ni(Dpave)³)) =4.684 mm

(b) Surface mean diameter

Dps = ∑((Ni(Dpave)³)/(Ni(Dpave)²)) = 4.11 mm