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    Superstring Theory

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    Rhitam Dutta
    Superstring theory attempts to unify all fundamental forces by proposing that the universe has 10 dimensions of space rather than 3. It suggests that all particles are made up of vibrating strings, with different vibration patterns producing different particles. The theory explains why certain physical values exist by tying them to the geometry of extra curled-up dimensions within which strings vibrate. Experiments at CERN aim to detect evidence of extra dimensions through anomalies in particle collision energies, which would support superstring theory and provide a single unified explanation for all forces and matter.

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    Superstring Theory

    Uploaded by

    Rhitam Dutta
    51 views2 pages
    Superstring theory attempts to unify all fundamental forces by proposing that the universe has 10 dimensions of space rather than 3. It suggests that all particles are made up of vibrating strings, with different vibration patterns producing different particles. The theory explains why certain physical values exist by tying them to the geometry of extra curled-up dimensions within which strings vibrate. Experiments at CERN aim to detect evidence of extra dimensions through anomalies in particle collision energies, which would support superstring theory and provide a single unified explanation for all forces and matter.

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    A small description of the superstring theory.

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    Superstring theory attempts to unify all fundamental forces by proposing that the universe has 10 dimensions of space rather than 3. It suggests that all particles are made up of vibrating strings, with different vibration patterns producing different particles. The theory explains why certain physical values exist by tying them to the geometry of extra curled-up dimensions within which strings vibrate. Experiments at CERN aim to detect evidence of extra dimensions through anomalies in particle collision energies, which would support superstring theory and provide a single unified explanation for all forces and matter.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    51 views2 pages

    Superstring Theory

    Uploaded by

    Rhitam Dutta
    Superstring theory attempts to unify all fundamental forces by proposing that the universe has 10 dimensions of space rather than 3. It suggests that all particles are made up of vibrating strings, with different vibration patterns producing different particles. The theory explains why certain physical values exist by tying them to the geometry of extra curled-up dimensions within which strings vibrate. Experiments at CERN aim to detect evidence of extra dimensions through anomalies in particle collision energies, which would support superstring theory and provide a single unified explanation for all forces and matter.

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    A tour on Superstring Theory

    It is the theory which attempts to unify all the fundamental forces which we encounter in
    our daily lives, mainly gravity and the electromagnetic force. It all started when the German
    mathematician Kaluza, proposed a bizarre statement that the universe is composed of many
    dimensions. But, sadly, he couldnt get the mass of the electron to work in his theorem.
    Gradually, it became a full stop.
    Until something extraordinary happened in our age. The quest for the unification of the
    various forces was started again but strangely, in order to unify all the known forces, the
    theory which scientists are working on presently suggests that we must consider 10
    dimensions of space, as the equations work with only 10, not three! Bizzare, right?
    This theory, known as the superstring theory, states that the fundamental, uncuttable
    constituent of matter is not the atom, neither the electrons and neutrons, nor the quarks,
    but some dancing filaments of energy looking like vibrating strings. These strings, vibrating
    in different patterns, produce different particles (not musical notes). The different
    frequencies of the strings produce different particles in our universe and this in turn results
    in the richness of our world. It leads to unification of physics as the atoms, photons,
    gravitons, radiation particles, anything in this universe we can or cannot observe, are made
    up of the same thing.
    When we look around the world, there are 20 numbers which define our world, like mass of
    the particles, strength of gravity, etc. There is no explanation as to why these numbers have
    a particular value. Wait, there is, it again has to do with extra dimensions. If the numbers
    had values other than those we found out, the universe wont even exist. The extra
    dimensions fold in on themselves and intertwine. These extra dimensions also have tiny
    string curled up on them and all the numbers, actually, are reflections of the way strings can
    vibrate. These strings will be affected by the vibrational patterns in the geometry within
    which they are moving. So, if we knew what the extra dimension looked like, that is their
    geometry, we should be able to calculate the allowed vibrational patterns and if we could
    calculate it, we should be able to calculate those 20 numbers. And if those they match with
    the known values, then there would be a fundamental explanation as to why our universe is
    like this!!
    But these are just theories, but should we believe in them? We ought to have a practicality
    in every theory we possess. For that sake, experiments have been proposed to determine
    the extra dimensions, as a result supporting the superstring theory. In CERN, a large Hedron
    Collider has been assembled in which particles would experience head-on-head collision.
    These particles are made to travel at the speed of light. The proposal is that that if these
    extra dimensions exist, then in some cases, the energy before the head-on-head collision
    would be less than the energy after the collision, that is, a small amount of the energy flies
    off into the extra dimensions. If this experiment bears fruit, then for the first time, we would
    possess a working, unified theory which can explain all the fundamental forces and forms of
    matter of the universe with only one theory. Think about it, only one theory to describe
    everything. Well, I wager the science students will end up having only one chapter!

    Rhitam Dutta
    XI B
    (Brain Greene) Credits!!!

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