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    Compiled by Vikas Rana (EA) NMNH: Social Science Project

    Uploaded by

    Vivek Singh
    Earthquakes occur due to a sudden release of energy accumulated in deformed rocks, causing the ground to tremble or shake. The earth's crust consists of huge tectonic plates that float on mantle rock and either converge or diverge, building pressure at their collision points. When this pressure is released through faults in the crust, vibrations cause earthquakes. Earthquakes can damage buildings and infrastructure, trigger landslides and tsunamis, and block rivers. They also form geological features like mountains and valleys over time. Precautions include avoiding vulnerable areas during or after quakes.

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    Compiled by Vikas Rana (EA) NMNH: Social Science Project

    Uploaded by

    Vivek Singh
    52 views18 pages
    Earthquakes occur due to a sudden release of energy accumulated in deformed rocks, causing the ground to tremble or shake. The earth's crust consists of huge tectonic plates that float on mantle rock and either converge or diverge, building pressure at their collision points. When this pressure is released through faults in the crust, vibrations cause earthquakes. Earthquakes can damage buildings and infrastructure, trigger landslides and tsunamis, and block rivers. They also form geological features like mountains and valleys over time. Precautions include avoiding vulnerable areas during or after quakes.

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    disaster management

    Original Title

    Disaster Presentation

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    Earthquakes occur due to a sudden release of energy accumulated in deformed rocks, causing the ground to tremble or shake. The earth's crust consists of huge tectonic plates that float on mantle rock and either converge or diverge, building pressure at their collision points. When this pressure is released through faults in the crust, vibrations cause earthquakes. Earthquakes can damage buildings and infrastructure, trigger landslides and tsunamis, and block rivers. They also form geological features like mountains and valleys over time. Precautions include avoiding vulnerable areas during or after quakes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    52 views18 pages

    Compiled by Vikas Rana (EA) NMNH: Social Science Project

    Uploaded by

    Vivek Singh
    Earthquakes occur due to a sudden release of energy accumulated in deformed rocks, causing the ground to tremble or shake. The earth's crust consists of huge tectonic plates that float on mantle rock and either converge or diverge, building pressure at their collision points. When this pressure is released through faults in the crust, vibrations cause earthquakes. Earthquakes can damage buildings and infrastructure, trigger landslides and tsunamis, and block rivers. They also form geological features like mountains and valleys over time. Precautions include avoiding vulnerable areas during or after quakes.

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    COMPILED BY

    Vikas Rana(EA)
    NMNH
    SOCIAL SCIENCE PROJECT
    EARTHQUAKE
    EARTHQUAKES is a
    sudden release of
    energy
    accumulated in
    deformed rocks
    causing the
    ground to tremble
    or shake.
    The continental crust is made up of very light rocks.
    The crust of the earth is very thin and consists of huge interlocking
    blocks of rocks called tectonic plates.
    These plates float on a layer of semi liquid rocks called mantle.These
    semi liquid material helps in the movement or floating of tectonic
    plates.
    These plates either converge or diverge.Huge pressure is built up due
    to the collision of plates.
    Faults are created in the crust due to the release of pressure.
    These movements cause vibration due to which earthquakes occur.
    Earthquakes can cause huge ocean waves called tsunamis.
    The earthquakes waves bring cracks in the
    surface of the earth.
    The earthquakes can block the flow of rivers.
    The earthquake can cause landslides
    They can destroy houses and buildings.
    They can cause widespread fires.
    Constructive Effects
    It helps in formation of block mountains and rift
    valleys due to the occurrence of faults
    Formation of hot springs.
    Formation of bays and gulfs due to submergence
    in the coastal areas.
    Emergence of shore areas provide fertile land for
    agriculture.

    Destructive Effects
    PRECAUTIONS
    Do not stay near window, bookcases,
    cabinets,
    mirrors hanging pots and fans, during
    or immediately after an earthquake.
    Leave your home or school building and
    move to open fields or parks.
    Keep away from high rise buildings.
    Do not sit inside the car.
    STUDENTS:FIND FURTHER
    INFORMATION
    Contact a structural engineer and
    discuss about earthquake resistance
    of the building you live in.
    Distribution of earthquakes in India
    for the past100 years.
    List down the actions that could be
    taken in your school and home to
    reduce vulnerability to earthquake
    damage.Discuss with your teacher.
    FLOODS-are temporary
    inundation of large
    regions as a result of
    an increase in
    reservoir,or of rivers
    flooding their banks
    because of heavy
    rains,high
    winds,cyclones,storm
    surge along
    coast,tsunami,melting
    snow or dam bursts.
    How floods are caused?
    Flood occur when water overflows beyond its normal
    course.
    Floods can also caused due to
    1. Blocking of river channel by land slides.
    2. Strong tides and storms in the sea.
    3. Cyclones and tsunamis over the water bodies.
    4. Change in the course of a water.
    5. Wrong design of a canal,a dam or an embankment.
    6. Less discharging capacity of the channel.
    7. Deforestation.
    Effects of Floods
    Physical damage : structures damaged by washing waters,landslide triggered on account of water
    getting saturated .Boats and fishing equipments may be lost or damaged in coastal areas .
    Causalities and public health : people and livestock deaths caused by drowning ,very few serious
    injuries.Outbreak of epidemics,diarrhea,viral infections and malaria are common.
    Water supplies : contamination of water(wells,ground water,piped water supply)
    .clean drinking water may became scarce.
    Crops and food supplies : sudden food shortage can be caused due to loss of entire harvest and spoiling
    of stored grains when saturated in water.floods may also affect the soil characteristics.the land may
    turn infertile due to erosion of top layer or may turn saline if sea water floods the area
    1. Know about the location and routes to closest safe shelters.
    2. Keep a first aid kit handy.
    3. Keep medicines for snake-bites and diarrhea.
    4. Strong ropes for tying things.
    5. A radio,torch,matches,candles,spare batteries,etc.
    6. Waterproof bags for packing clothes.
    7. Bamboo sticks to ward off snakes.
    8. Remove cattle to higher places.
    Students:find further
    information
    1. The beneficial effects of flooding.
    2. How sand bag stacking are built and what makes
    them more effective.
    3. Understand and learn more on how flood
    forecasting and warnings are done.
    4. Soil conservation practices will help in saving the
    precious top soil in flood prone areas.
    5. Types of flood-control measures.
    DROUGHT
    DROUGHT-is an insidious natural hazard that
    results from a departure of precipitation from
    expected or normal that, when extended over a
    season or longer period of time, is insufficient to
    meet the demands of human, plant and animal
    activities.
    Weak southwest monsoons.
    Late arrival or early withdrawal of
    monsoons.
    Prolonged breaks in the monsoons
    during the rainy season.
    Drought,different from other natural
    disasters,do not cause any structural
    damages.The typical effects include:
    loss of crop, dairy, timber and
    fishery production.
    Increase in energy demand for pumping
    water.
    Reduced energy production.
    Increased unemployment,loss of
    biodiversity,reduced water,air and
    landscape.
    Precautions
    The development of rainwater harvesting
    harvesting structures.
    Promote water shed programmes and drip
    irrigation.
    Increase forest cover through plantations.
    Adopt drought resistant type of crops.
    Producing alternative crops in drought conditions.
    Students:find further information
    Contact your nearest agricultural department and learn about
    watersheds.
    Study various domestic rainwater harvesting methods.
    About various government programs that are operative in
    drought affected areas.
    Interlinking of major rivers in India and find out if it helps in
    drought mitigation.

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