Comparison of Pervaporation of Different Alcohols From Water On CMG-OM-010 and 1060-SULZER Membranes

Desalination 149 (2002) 89–94
Comparison of pervaporation of different alcohols from water

on CMG-OM-010 and 1060-SULZER membranes
Jesus Mora Molinaa,b, Gyula Vataia, Erika Bekassy-Molnara*

a
Szent Istvan University, Faculty of Food Science, Department of Food Engineering, Menesi str. 44,
H-1118 Budapest, Hungary, Tel: +36-1-3726232, Fax: +36-1-3726223,
emails: gvatai@omega.kee.hu, bmolnar@omega.kee.hu, jmora@omega.kee.hu
b
Permanent address: Instituto Tecnologico de Costa Rica, Sede Regional de San Carlos,
Escuela de Ciencias y Letras, Apartado: 223-4400, Ciudad Quesada, Costa Rica
Tel: +506-475-5033, Fax: +506-475-5395, email: jmoramolina@costarricense.com
Received 1 February 2002; accepted 15 February 2002
Abstract
Pervaporation of methanol-water, ethanol-water and iso-propanol-water mixtures through organophillic
CMG-OM-010 and 1060-SULZER membranes has been investigated using a laboratory scale (131 cm2)
pervaporation unit. The feed composition was 13–20% of alcohol in water, the recirculation flow rate was kept
constant (200 l/h) and the temperature was varied between 40–70°C. The permeate concentration reached
30–60% of alcohol after 5 hours run. The avarage permeate flux (J), selectivity (β), separation factor (α),
pervaporation separation index (PSI) and activation energy (E) were calculated.
The permeate fluxes on the two pervaporation membranes were similar in the case of the same alcohol, but
different pervaporating different alcohols. The alcohol flux on both membrane increased with an increase in the
temperature. CMG-OM-010 membrane exhibited good separation factor of the three alcohols, over the 1060-
SULZER membrane. The most important observation was that a good separation of iso-propanol-water is
possible with these membranes.
Keywords: Pervaporation of methanol-water; Ethanol-water and iso-propanol-water mixtures; CMG-OM-010;

1060-SULZER membrane
*Corresponding author
Presented at the International Congress on Membranes and Membrane Processes (ICOM), Toulouse, France,
July 7–12, 2002
0011-9164/02/$– See front matter  2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
90 J.M. Molina et al. / Desalination 149 (2002) 89–94
1. Introduction 2. Materials and methods
Pervaporation has long been studied as a The basic target of the experiments is to find
method for separation of organic liquid commercial industrial membrane, which can
mixtures which are difficult to separate, such as separate alcohol from alcohol-water mixture
azeotropic mixtures, or mixtures of components with a great efficiency. The following tasks has
with close boiling points or which are easily been defined at model mixtures: separation of
decomposed by heat. Today much attention is methanol-water, ethanol-water and iso-
paid to the pervaporation process, not only as propanol-water model mixtures on organo-
an experimental method, but it is applied in the phillic membranes, separation on laboratory
practice too, because some newly developed size pervaporation equipment; effect of
membranes have sufficient separtion ability. operation parameters and calculation and
The separation of alcohol and water mixtures comparison of pervaporation characteristics.
by pervaporation is important for obtaining The applied membranes were CMG-OM-010
liquid fuel from biomass sources [1–3]. Many and 1060-SULZER organophillic membranes
authors have reported pervaporation process with 131 cm2 surface. The pervaporation
principales and experimental results with equipment was produced by the Hidrofil
different membranes [4–7]. In this paper an company (Fig. 1). Alcohol-water mixture was
attempt has been made to report pervaporation carried by the feed pump (8) towards the
results using CMG-OM-010 membrane membrane (1) from feed tank (6). Retention
prepared by the Celfa company and compare was circulated back to the feed tank. Permeate
results with the data on 1060-SULZER passing through membrane was condensed by
membrane. the condenser (5). Vacuum on the other side
Fig. 1. Pervaporation apparatus: (1) membrane, (2) feed mixture, (3) permeate vapor, (4) vacuum pump, (5)
condenser, (6) feed tank, (7) cold trap (permeate collector), (8) feed pump, (9) thermostat, (10) sample collector
valve, (11) flow regulator valve, (12) pressure regulator valve (13) pressure meter, (14,15) thermo-meters, (16)
flowmeter.
J.M. Molina et al. / Desalination 149 (2002) 89–94 91
Fig. 2. Permeate flux of methanol-water, ethanol-water Fig. 5. Separation factor of methanol-water, ethanol-
and isopropanol-water mixtures versus temperature on water and isopropanol-water mixtures versus
CMG-OM-010 membrane (ρisopropanol, ethanol temperature o n 1060-SULZER membrane
(ρisopropanol, ethanol and methanol).
and methanol).
Fig. 6. Comparison of the fluxes and the separation

Fig. 3. Permeate flux of methanol-water, ethanol-water factors of iso-propanol on CMG-OM-010 and 1060-
and isopropanol-water mixtures versus temperature on SULZER membranes (ρ separation factor and fluxes
1060-SULZER membrane (ρisopropanol, ethanol on CMG-OM-010 membrane, o separation factor and
and methanol). n fluxes on 1060-SULZER membrane).
was assured by vacuum pump (4) condensate

was collected on cold trap. Temperature of the
mixture was controlled by thermostat (9) and
their incoming and outgoing values were read
by a cable built-in thermometer. Recirculation
flow rate velocity was adjusted by sample
collector valve (11). Permeate size pressure was
regulated by flow regulated valve (12).
Fig. 4. Separation factor of methanol-water, ethanol- The feed solutions were methanol-water,
water and isopropanol-water mixtures versus ethanol-water and iso-propanol model mixtures
temperature o n CMG-OM-010 membrane containing 13–20% of alcohol. The temperature
(ρisopropanol, ethanol and methanol). has been varied during the experiment (40, 50,
60, 70°C) meanwhile the recirculation flow rate Table 1

velocity has been kept constant (200 L/h). Activation energy of the permeation on 1060-SULZER
Permeate has been collected every hour during and CMG-OM-010 membranes (kJ/mol)
the 5 hours experiment. Alcohol concentration
Alcohols 1060-SULZER CMG-OM-010
was determined by measuring relative density
(GIBERTINI equipment with a standard error
Methanol 54. 75 52. 62
of ± 0.05%). 30–60% alcohol content was Ethanol 37. 76 39. 92
obtained in the permeate using 13–20% alcohol Iso-propanol 43. 86 40. 72
content in the feed. Permeate flux (J),
membrane selectivity (β) separation factor (α),
pervaporation separation index (PSI) and
activation energy (Ea) were calculated.
Based on experimental data membrane

3. Results and discussion activation energy was calculated. Table 1 shows
the activation energy of pervaporation
Figs. 2 and 3 shows the change in flux of membranes examined for alcohol separation.
CMG-OM-010 and 1060-SULZER The operating temperature influences both
pervaporation membranes versus temperature. the permeability coefficient of a membrane and
Based on experimental results we observed that the driving force of mass transfer in the
the flux increases significantly by increasing the pervaporation processes.
temperature. So the higher temperature in the The data of activation energy obtained in
membrane module will favour the transfer of this paper are similar which reported recently to
the VOC from liquid into gas phase, because with literature results [12] and it can see that in
the volatility strongly depends on the the CMG-010 membrane the activity energy of
temperature, which corresponds to literature the ethanol and iso-propanol were lower than
results [8–10]. Flux of the 3 measured alcohols the other membrane. Separation ability of
was obtained in the following order: iso- pervaporation membranes are determined by
propanol-ethanol and methanol, the iso- permeate flux and separation factor index.
propanol flux was slightly higher than that of These are usually change in opposite direction.
methanol and ethanol fluxes because of Pervaporation separation index (PSI)
difference in molecular size and also the ability connect these two important membrane
to interact with the polymer groups [11]. characteristic parameter. It follows from the
Separation factor of this 3 alcohols changed foregoing that a good pervaporation membrane
in function of temperature, as can be seen in has to possess a high PSI value.
Figs. 4 and 5. Separation index of all 3 alcohols The results of pervaporation separation
were increased by increasing temperature on index of the 3 examined alcohol on CMG-OG-
CMG-OM-010 and 1060-SULZER membranes. 010 and 1060-SULZER membranes are showed
The explanation of this phenomenon is as on Table 2. Based on the data we can observe
follows: diffusion and solubility of penetrating that separation factor index of iso-propanol is
components depend on temperature of the highest in the two membranes, but highest
separation behaviour of membrane changes in the CMG-010 membrane.
significantly with temperature.
J.M. Molina et al. / Desalination 149 (2002) 89–94 93
Table 2
Pervaporation separation index on CMG-OM-010 and 1060-SULZER membranes (kg/m2h)
Temperatures (°C) 1060-SULZER CMG-OM-010
Methanol Ethanol Iso-propanol Methanol Ethanol Iso-propanol
40 1. 54 2. 11 3. 87 1. 11 3. 91 6. 13
50 2. 27 3. 26 7. 83 3. 18 6. 15 13. 39
60 4. 12 5. 56 13. 21 5. 41 9. 76 17. 76
70 5. 86 7. 61 21. 47 8. 43 15. 36 29. 92
4. Conclusions References
It was experimentally demonstrated that [1] R. Atra, Application of membrane separation in

dairy and spirit industry, PhD. Thesis in
alcohol permeate flux of pervaporation
Hungarian, Szent Istvan University, Budapest,
membranes increases with an increase in the 2000.
temperature. Fig. 6 shows the comparison of the [2] T. Kashiwagi, K. Okabe and K. Okita, Separation
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on CMG-OM-010 and 1060-SULZER polymerized membranes f r o m silicone
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organic compounds from water. II. Influence of
membranes.
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Sci., 186 (2001) 239–247.
[6] Pervaporation of water-ethanol mixtures with
Acknowledgements polyacrylate-grafted polyethylene acid (PE-g-AA)
This work was supported by the ITCR membranes Physico-chemical analysis of the
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J.M. Molina et al. / Desalination 1xx (2002) xx–xx 7
Etanol-CMG-OM-010
Metanol és Etanol Szeparációs
õjének összehasonlítása a
tényz
hõmérsékletek függvényében két
õmembránnál
különböz
10.
Metanol-CMG-OM-010
00
5.0
0.00
Etanol-1060 SULZER
õ
Metanol-1060 SULZER

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Desalination 149 (2002) 89–94

Comparison of pervaporation of different alcohols from water

Jesus Mora Molinaa,b, Gyula Vataia, Erika Bekassy-Molnara*

Received 1 February 2002; accepted 15 February 2002

Keywords: Pervaporation of methanol-water; Ethanol-water and iso-propanol-water mixtures; CMG-OM-010;

1. Introduction 2. Materials and methods

Fig. 6. Comparison of the fluxes and the separation

was assured by vacuum pump (4) condensate

60, 70°C) meanwhile the recirculation flow rate Table 1

Based on experimental data membrane

Temperatures (°C) 1060-SULZER CMG-OM-010

Methanol Ethanol Iso-propanol Methanol Ethanol Iso-propanol

It was experimentally demonstrated that [1] R. Atra, Application of membrane separation in

hõmérsékletek függvényében két

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