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    Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma

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    Suresh Metta
    Maxillary sinus carcinoma is an uncommon type of cancer, constituting about 3% of head and neck malignancies. The most common type is squamous cell carcinoma, accounting for 80% of cases. Potential causes include viral infections, exposure to wood or metal dust, and iatrogenic factors like post-irradiation. Symptoms vary depending on the area affected but may include swelling of the cheek, nasal obstruction or discharge, loosening teeth, and neurological issues. Diagnosis involves nasal endoscopy, CT or MRI imaging, and biopsy. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination depending on the extent and type of tumor.

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    Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma

    Uploaded by

    Suresh Metta
    216 views4 pages
    Maxillary sinus carcinoma is an uncommon type of cancer, constituting about 3% of head and neck malignancies. The most common type is squamous cell carcinoma, accounting for 80% of cases. Potential causes include viral infections, exposure to wood or metal dust, and iatrogenic factors like post-irradiation. Symptoms vary depending on the area affected but may include swelling of the cheek, nasal obstruction or discharge, loosening teeth, and neurological issues. Diagnosis involves nasal endoscopy, CT or MRI imaging, and biopsy. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination depending on the extent and type of tumor.

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    Maxillary sinus carcinoma is an uncommon type of cancer, constituting about 3% of head and neck malignancies. The most common type is squamous cell carcinoma, accounting for 80% of cases. Potential causes include viral infections, exposure to wood or metal dust, and iatrogenic factors like post-irradiation. Symptoms vary depending on the area affected but may include swelling of the cheek, nasal obstruction or discharge, loosening teeth, and neurological issues. Diagnosis involves nasal endoscopy, CT or MRI imaging, and biopsy. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination depending on the extent and type of tumor.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    216 views4 pages

    Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma

    Uploaded by

    Suresh Metta
    Maxillary sinus carcinoma is an uncommon type of cancer, constituting about 3% of head and neck malignancies. The most common type is squamous cell carcinoma, accounting for 80% of cases. Potential causes include viral infections, exposure to wood or metal dust, and iatrogenic factors like post-irradiation. Symptoms vary depending on the area affected but may include swelling of the cheek, nasal obstruction or discharge, loosening teeth, and neurological issues. Diagnosis involves nasal endoscopy, CT or MRI imaging, and biopsy. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination depending on the extent and type of tumor.

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    Maxillary sinus carcinoma

    Cancers involving maxillary sinus are rather uncommon. Incidence ranges


    between 0.5-1% of all malignancies. It constitutes about 3% of all
    head and neck malignancies.
    Etiological
    factors include:
    1. Viral
    infections EB virus, and Human papilloma virus infections
    2. Exposure
    to wood dust Especially African Mahogany wood dust causes
    adenocarcinoma of maxillary sinus
    3. People
    working in nickel and chrome industries are more prone to develop
    cancer of maxillary sinus
    4. People
    working in leather industries are also known to develop cancer of
    maxillary sinus
    5. Iatrogenic
    causes Post irradiation
    6. Use
    of snuff have also been documented to
    be the causative factor
    Commonest type of malignancy involving the maxillar sinus is squamous cell
    carcinoma about 80%. The second commonest tumor involving the
    maxillar sinus is adenocarcinoma.
    The following are the various types of malignant tumors of maxillary
    sinus:
    1. Squamous
    cell carcinoma
    2. Adenocarcinoma
    3. Transitional
    cell carcinoma
    4. Anaplastic
    carcinoma
    5. Malignant
    melanoma
    6. Adenoid
    cystic carcinoma
    7. Olfactory
    neuroblastoma
    8. Lymphomas
    Clinical features:
    Face Swelling of the cheek. Pain and paresthesia over the cheek.
    Orbital Proptosis, diplopia, loss of vision
    Nasal Nasal deformity, unilateral nasal obstruction, blood tinged nasal
    discharge, epistaxis, hyposima (rare)
    Neurological Multiple cranial nerve paralysis
    Oral Loosening of teeth, ill fitting dentures, swelling involving
    palate, trismus (due to involvement of pterygoid muscles)
    Otological symptoms Ear block due to eustachean tube involvement, referred
    otalgia
    Cervical symptoms Cervical nodal metastasis
    Involvement of anterolateral wall of maxilla present as:
    1. Infraorbial
    nerve paresthesia / anesthesia
    2. Swelling
    over cheek
    Involvement
    of inferior wall of maxilla present as:
    1. Palatal
    swelling
    2. Swelling
    over buccogingival sulcus
    3. Loosening
    of upper dentition
    4. Oroantral
    fistula
    5. Trismus
    is seen in patients with involvement of pterygoid muscles
    Involvement
    of floor of orbit present as:
    1. Restriction
    of ocular movement
    2. Proptosis
    3. Periosteal
    thickening over orbital rim
    Involvement
    of medial wall presents as:
    Mass
    inside nasal cavity
    Investigations:
    1. Nasal
    endoscopy If there is involvement of medial wall of maxilla the
    mass could be seen to present itself inside the nasal cavity. If
    the mass could be seen within the nasal cavity biopsy can be taken
    from the lesion. Under
    endoscopic vision inferior meatal antrostomy can be performed and
    the interior of the maxillary sinus can be examined and biopsy can
    be taken from the lesion.
    2. X
    ray paranasal sinuses water's view shows opacity with expansion
    of the involved maxillary sinus. Erosion of the floor /
    anterolateral wall of the orbit can also be seen if present
    3. CT
    scan paranasal sinuses Shows the extent of lesion, involvement
    of adjacent areas, evidence of bone erosion if present
    4. MRI
    imaging shows better soft tissue delineation. Extension into
    pterygopalatine fossa can be clearly seen
    Biopsy
    from the lesion is virtually diagnostic.
    Management:
    The
    optimal management modality depends on the extent of tumor and the
    histological type.
    Treatment
    modalitites available:
    1. Surgery
    2. Radiotherapy
    3. Chemotherapy
    4. Combined
    management modality
    If
    the tumor is confined to the inferior portion of the maxilla the
    condition is best managed by partial maxillectomy followed by
    irradiation.
    Tumor
    involving the whole of the maxilla can be managed by total
    maxillectomy followed by irradiation.
    Involvement
    of orbit can be managed by combining orbital exenteration along with
    total maxillectomy.
    Tumors
    of maxilla extending to infratemporal fossa can be managed by
    extended maxillectomy using Barbosa technique. Maxillectomy is
    combined with condylectomy and resection of pterygoid plate and
    muscles attached to it.
    Neck
    dissection can be resorted to if neck nodes are involved.
    Irradiation:
    Is
    given by using Telecobalt or linear accelerator. Dosage include 6500
    rads in divided fractions over 5 weeks. It is usually administered 5
    days a week.
    Chemotherapy:
    Cisplatin
    and 5flurouracil can be administered along with radiotherapy. This
    is preferred in advanced cases of malignancy involving the maxillary
    sinus.

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