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Conjunctions

Conjunctions are words that join two parts of a sentence. There are two main types: coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions join grammatically equal parts of a sentence, while subordinating conjunctions join a dependent clause to an independent clause. Some common coordinating conjunctions are and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so. Common subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, that, though, till, until, when, where, whether, while. Conjunctions can be single words, compound words, or correlative pairs of words.

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438 views

Conjunctions

Conjunctions are words that join two parts of a sentence. There are two main types: coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions join grammatically equal parts of a sentence, while subordinating conjunctions join a dependent clause to an independent clause. Some common coordinating conjunctions are and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so. Common subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, that, though, till, until, when, where, whether, while. Conjunctions can be single words, compound words, or correlative pairs of words.

Uploaded by

Samar Hamady
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Conjunctions

A conjunction is a word that "joins". A conjunction joins two parts of a


sentence.
Here are some example conjunctions:
Coordinating Conjunctions Subordinating Conjunctions
and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so although, because, since, unless
We can consider conjunctions from three aspects.
Form:
Conjunctions have three basic forms:
Single Word
for example: and, but, because, although
Compound (often ending with as or that)
for example: provided that, as long as, in order that
Correlative (surrounding an adverb or adjective)
for example: so...that
Function:
Conjunctions have two basic functions or "jobs":
Coordinating conjunctions are used to join two parts of a
sentence that are grammatically equal. The two parts may be single
words or clauses, for example:
- Jack and Jill went up the hill.
- The water was warm, but I didn't go swimming.
Subordinating conjunctions are used to join a subordinate
dependent clause to a main clause, for example:
- I went swimming although it was cold.
Position:
Coordinating conjunctions always come between the words or
clauses that they join.
Subordinating conjunctions usually come at the beginning of the
subordinate clause.
Coordinating Conjunctions:
The short, simple conjunctions are called "coordinating conjunctions":
and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so
A coordinating conjunction joins parts of a sentence (for example words
or independent clauses) that are grammatically equal or similar. A
coordinating conjunction shows that the elements it joins are similar in
importance and structure:

+

Look at these examples - the two elements that the coordinating
conjunction joins are shown in square brackets [ ]:
I like [tea] and [coffee].
[Ram likes tea], but [Anthony likes coffee].
Coordinating conjunctions always come between the words or clauses
that they join.
When a coordinating conjunction joins independent clauses, it is always
correct to place a comma before the conjunction:
I want to work as an interpreter in the future, so I am studying
Russian at university.
However, if the independent clauses are short and well-balanced, a
comma is not really essential:
She is kind so she helps people.
When "and" is used with the last word of a list, a comma is optional:
He drinks beer, whisky, wine, and rum.
He drinks beer, whisky, wine and rum.
The 7 coordinating conjunctions are short, simple words. They have only
two or three letters. There's an easy way to remember them - their initials
spell:
F A N B O Y S
For And Nor But Or Yet So
Subordinating Conjunctions:
The majority of conjunctions are "subordinating conjunctions". Common
subordinating conjunctions are:
after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, that,
though, till, until, when, where, whether, while
A subordinating conjunction joins a subordinate (dependent) clause to a
main (independent) clause:

+

Look at this example:
main or
independent clause
subordinate or
dependent clause
Ram went swimming although it was raining.

subordinating
conjunction


A subordinate or dependent clause "depends" on a main or independent
clause. It cannot exist alone. Imagine that somebody says to you: "Hello!
Although it was raining." What do you understand? Nothing! But a main
or independent clause can exist alone. You will understand very well if
somebody says to you: "Hello! Ram went swimming."
A subordinating conjunction always comes at the beginning of a
subordinate clause. It "introduces" a subordinate clause. However, a
subordinate clause can sometimes come after and sometimes before a
main clause. Thus, two structures are possible:

+


Ram went swimming although it was raining.

+




Although it was raining, Ram went swimming.

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