LAB 1 Introduction to XBee

UPDATED Thursday, February 24, 211

!ou "ay #ant to consider re$ie#in% the &o''o#in% 'in(s be&ore doin% this Lab)
X-CTU Tutorial: http://ftp1.digi.com/support/documentation/90001003_.pdf
!etting up the connections: http://lad"ada.net/ma#e/$%ee/con&gure.html
'erforming (ange Test: ftp://ftp1.digi.com/support/documentation/900010)*_a.pdf
+ore accessories on X,--: http://....digi.com/products/accessories/
+anual:
http://....sonoma.edu/users/f/farahman/sonoma/courses/cet/03/la%/.ireless_class/X,
ee-+anual.pdf
,asic la% idea: http://creati1eelectron.net/%log/2009/09/$%ee-ma#ing-"our-&rst-
application-2/
(e1ie. the -1al ,oard schematic: http://ftp1.digi.com/support/images/X,3,-(-de1
420schematic.pdf
5ou can complete the la% using "our o.n laptop. 3n this case "ou need the follo.ing
soft.are:
X-CTU - 6o.nload here. 7ere is a tutorial:
http://ftp1.digi.com/support/utilities/00002)3*_c.e$e
Chanal"8er : http://....metagee#.net/support/do.nloads/9
utm_campaign:!oft.are;utm_medium:Chanal"8er.3.3;utm_source:3nstaller
CoolTerm <or an" serial port terminal application=: http://do.nload.cnet.com/3001-
23>3_0-1091/>>2.html9spi:)31*3>>2a0dc/%*a%fc091c)d0>*0c*e
6ri1er for !erial-to-U!, con1erter
7ard.are (e?uirements
5ou can purchase the modules from: http://....spar#fun.com/search/results9
term:$%ee;.hat:products
@otes:
5ou can do the la% in a group .ith one/t.o other students. 5ou need to select "our o.n
la% partner. A@B5 one undergraduate student per group is allo.edC
'lease ma#e sure "ou sign the signup sheet.
-ach T-+ must su%mit a separate reportC
5ou must su%mit TDA copies of "our la% report. 3nclude all participants
5ou must sign up the time sheet if "ou plan to use the la% setup.
'lease onl" ans.er the num%ered ?uestions <.1E 2E etc.=
'lease %e 1er" gentle .ith the (F de1ices and la% setup. 7andle de1ices carefull"C ,e
1er" careful as "ou remo1e connectors and de1ices.
'lease do not remo1e an"thing from the la%.
I& so"eho# you cannot *ead XBEE re%isters, a'#ays "a(e sure the battery is
%ood+
1
A'#ays chec( the baud rate i& the co""unication 'in( is not #or(in%,
2
3@T(A6UCT3A@
3
-3n1o#e X-CTU program. +a#e
sure "ou go to 'C !ettings ta%
and select the proper interface.
,-Go to +odem Con&guration and clic#
on *estore. 5ou should get something
li#e the &gure sho.n here.
1- A%tain a screen snapshot for ,AT7
the recei1er and transmitter
modules. 5ou .ill not recei1e an"
grade if "ou are missing these
snapshots.
C-6etermine .hat Firm.are 1ersion is
loaded in the chip <read this:
http://ftp1.digi.com/support/&rm.are/3nst
ructions420for420&rm.are
420upgrades.pdf= and ma#e sure "ou
#no. ho. to update the Firm.are.
Dhat are the serial num%ers <7/B=
of the transmitter and the recei1er
modules9 This is on the %ac# of
X,ee chip. 'lease handle the
modules .ith careC 3 alread"
entered these 1alues.
A%tain the latest Firm.are 1ersion
and load it in the chip. Clic# on
-rite &rst and then clic# on *ead
to ma#e sure the correct 1ersion is
in place.
Dhat 1ersion of &rm.are has %een
loaded in the de1ice9
+a#e sure "ou do the same for
%oth (X and TX modules.
,!3C X,-- !-TU'
6-3n this section "ou are re?uired to create a point-to-point lin# %et.een t.o X,ees.
ssume the '@ has an 36 of 2001 and the operating channel is 1/. Using the !erial
@um%ers of the Transmitter and (ecei1erE properl" setup the TX X,ee and (X X,ee
<please do not remo1e the X,ees from the modules unless "ou ha1e to=.
To ensure that "ou ha1e properl" setup the net.or#E connect the BAA' ,CH
connector <(-6 6,-9 sho.n %elo.= to the (X module. Connect the TX module
directl" to the 'C. 'o.er up the (X module. 'erform the (ange Test. @ote that the
remote module <or (X module= refers to the e1aluation %oard and the TX module
refers to the %ase station connected to the 'C.
The &gure %elo. sho.s the high-le1el hard.are con&guration for this e$periment:
--ns.er the follo.ing ?uestions:
1. Connect the 6,-9 connector <la%eled as Boop ,ac#= to the (X module. Clic# on the
Terminal ta%. +a#e sure the lin# is properl" operating %" sending an !C33 character
and recei1ing it. Clic# on ssem%le 'ac#ets %utton. T"pe "our name in there and
send the data. !ho. a print screen of "our results. 3f "ou remo1e the Boop%ac# .hat
happens9 -$plain .h"9 Dhich pins on the X,ee are looped %ac#9 (efer to the
schematic of the e1aluation %oard. 7o. can "ou replace the red 6,-9 Connector
.ith a single .ire9
2. Change the '@ 36 in the TX module <onl"= to 2000. (un the (ange Test again. Dhat
happens9 -$plain.
3. Change the +5 of the TX module <onl"= to 1000. (un the (ange Test again. Dhat
happens9 Dhat does +5 indicate in X,ee (adio9
0. (ead the Channel <C7= register on the TX module. Change the channel to a diIerent
1alid 1alue <(ead Chapter 3 http://....re1-ed.co.u#/docs/$%e001.pdf=. 'erform
the (ange Test. Chec# the C7 on the (X module and ma#e sure it is diIerent from
C7 on the TX module. -$plain .hat is happening.
/. Dhat is (!!39 Dhat does it represent9 Dhat happens to it if "ou mo1e the (X
module to a diIerent location far from the %ase9
). Create a ta%le and list the distance <in meter= and the (!!3 1alues as the (X module
mo1es a.a" from the TX module. 'lot the distance <meter= 1s. po.er recei1ed at
the %ase station in "-. 5ou should ha1e at least / points in "our plot.
*. 'lot the theoretical po.er loss <in d,= for X,ee as of distance. Compare this .ith
"our results a%o1e
1
.
1
(ead !tallings J Chapter 2
0
>. (eferring to the +odem Con&guration ta%E .hich register deals .ith po.er le1el of
the radio9 Change it and see ho. the transmit po.er changes. -$plain "our
o%ser1ations.
/
U!3@G T CA++@6!
3n the follo.ing steps .e learn ho. to use T commands. T commands are designed for
more direct human interaction. ,elo. is a simple e$ample sho.ing ho. T commands
.or#:
.ote that after KKK "ou should .ait to get AHL 6A@AT press -@T-(C
F- ns.er the follo.ing ?uestion:
1. Dhat is the command to change the %aud rate to 11/2009 .ote that if "ou
change the ,( "ou need to recon&gure the X,eeMs %aud rate in the 'ort
!ettings ta% in order to %e a%le to communicate .ith the X,ee.
2. Using TE change the '@ 36 of the TX to 2000 and read it %ac#. !ho. a snapshot of
"our result.
T-!T3@G D3T7 T7- !'-CTU+ @B5N-( !AFTD(-
H- Connect the Di-!p" 2.0$ to the 'C <it is pro%a%l" alread" connected= and run the
Chanal"8er 0 soft.are. (ead a%out Chanal"8er and .atch a short 1ideo here:
http://gordon.metagee#.net/products/.i-sp"/ . 7ere are some e$amples
2
:
1- Turn oI the X,ee modules. Ta#e a snapshot of all 2.0G %and fre?uencies that are
detected in the la%.
2- Turn on X,ee modules and &nd "our X,ee signal using the Nig,ee signal template.
Ta#e a snapshot. 5ou ma" ha1e to .ait for a fe. minutes for a good reading.
2
http://....metagee#.net/products/chanal"8er-0/9
utm_campaign:!oft.are;utm_medium:Chanal"8er.0;utm_source:7elp+enu
)
Example: -> +++ (get into AT mode (Note 1))
<- OK
-> AT (check if xbee modem is responding)
<- OK
-> ATBD (get crrent bad rate as abo!e)
<- 3 ("#$$)
-> ATBD 4 (set bad rate to 1"%$$)
<- OK
-> ATBD (check again)
<- 4
-> ATWR (&rite the bad rate change to flash)
<- OK
.hat .ill %e the command to change
po.er le1el of the TX9
3- Change the channel on "our '@ 36 <on %oth TX and (X=. (un the (ange Test. +a#e
sure e1er"thing is operating properl" and &nd "our Nig,ee signal using the ZigBee
signal template. Ta#e a snapshot.
*
C'TU(3@G 6T F(A+ T7- (-+AT- 6-O3C-
+- +a#e sure "ou can perform the (ange Test %et.een the remote de1ice and the
Coordinator. +odif" the (emote module as follo.
3
:
1. !et the %aud rate to 11/200.
2. Change the 3/A port 0E 2E and 3 to %e 6C
3. !et the !ample (ate to >0 milliseconds.
0. !et the num%er of !ample ,efore Transmission to 1.
/. Connect the TX module to the computer.
). t this pointE the (ed B-6 on the (emote module should %e %lin#ing. lsoE "ou
should see that the B-6 on the TX module should %e <%arel"= %lin#ing. @ote that
there is no need to ha1e the Boop%ac# connector. 3nclude a snapshot indicating
the ne. 1alues.
@- Apen the X-CTU program.
1. +a#e sure "ou can communicate .ith the (X module.
2. Go to Terminal ta%. 5ou should see something li#e the &gure %elo..
3. These are the pac#et frames the Coordinator module is recei1ing.
0. (ead the manual. -$plain clearl"E .here each pac#et startsE ho. man" %"tes are in
each pac#etE .hich part of the pac#et contains the analog data from 3/A ports.
/. Ta#e a snapshot of "our o.n data and mar# one frame on "our &gure. !ho. the part
that contains the data from 3/A ports.
). Dhich %"te indicates the (!!3 le1el9 !ho. it on "our snapshot.
*. 6o "ou see the same patterns %eing repeated or each frame is diIerent9
>. re the pull-up resistors ena%led in "our setup9 7o. do "ou #no.9
3
+a#e sure "ou the +anual:
http://....sonoma.edu/users/f/farahman/sonoma/courses/cet/03/la%/.ireless_class/X,ee-+anual.pdf
>
C'TU(3@G 6T F(A+ T7- (-+AT- 6-O3C- U!3@G B,O3-D
'- !etup the recei1er such that 61 and 62 are ena%led as digital input.
1- Using the e1aluation %oardMs schematic determine .hich s.itches on the remote
module are connected to 61 and 62 ports.
2- Use the pro1ided sample Ba%O3-D program
0
to read the recei1ed data from the
remote module.
3- +odif" the Ba%O3-D Oi such that "ou e$tract the follo.ing 1alues from the recei1ed
pac#et and sho. each part separatel" on the front panel.
a. (!!3 1alue
%. !ource address
c. The digital 1alue recei1ed from port 61 or 62 <"ou should use and B-6 on
the front panel to sho. the digital data=
0- 'lot the (!!3 on a graph on the front panel.
/- 5ou need to include a snapshot of "our program in "our la% report and demonstrate
its full operation to the instructor.
)- Using spectrum anal"8erE &nd the 3d, %and.idth. 'rint a snapshot of the '!6.
*- Using spectrum anal"8er <Chanal"8er= sho. the diIerence %et.een X,ee pro and
regular in terms of po.er le1el and fre?uencies of operation.
a. Aptional: "ou can use diIerent antennas and measure the po.er recei1ed J
as# for diIerent antennas if "ou plan to do thisL it is 1er" interesting.
%. T(5 T73! 3F 5AU C@ <K/ point e$tra=: !et the net.or# nodes to automatic
mode such that if there is too much interference on the .or#ing channelE the
operating channel automaticall" s.itches to another channel after performing
some t"pe of channel scanning.
X- -XT( C(-63T @6 !A+- '(AP-CT 36-! <must %e done indi1iduall" and appro1ed
&rst- "ou must demonstrate the full functionalit" of "our proQect / 3f "ou plan to these
proQects 3 .ill pro1ide "ou the hard.are=
1- Create a mesh net.or# .ith three X,ees. The data pac#et must %e rela"ed using
the intermediate node. !ho. "our setup for all the de1ices.
2- +easure the po.er consumed %" the transmitter. Change the setup <including
sampling rateE .a#eup timeE dut" c"cleE etc.= such that the po.er consumed %" the
end-de1ice is minimi8ed. 'lot a graph sho.ing the impro1ements "ou achie1ed.
3- Connect FAU( X,eesE t.o of them to diIerent 'Cs. !ho. that routing can %e
changed from 1E2E3 to 1E0E3. 3f @ode 2 fails.
0- Use Nig,ee to pass lo. ?ualit" 1ideo.
0
3f "ou are o%ser1ing an" O3!T pro%lem .hile opening the Ba%O3-D programE "ou ma" .ant to
restart "our computer. De ha1e tested the program on Dindo.s * and X' and there should %e no
pro%lem.
9
(e1ie. Ruestions:
1- Dhat does +5 indicate9 7o. is it diIerent from '@ 369
2- Dhat is the unit of (!!39 Can "ou change (!!3 1alue on a X,ee chip9
3- Dhat does it mean if the 1alue of (!!3 register is set to 009
0- Dhat is the minimum setup re?uired to get t.o X,--s to communicate .ith one
another9
/- -$plain e$actl" ho. .e can use t.o X,ees to measure the temperature and report
it to a computer <"ou #no. include the hard.are schematic and soft.are setup for
each de1ice=.
)- 3n the ?uestion a%o1e .hat are the possi%le things .e can do to reduce the po.er
consumption on the remote de1ice9
*- ssuming the transmitted X,ee po.er is 10 mD centered at 2./003 +78 .ith a 3-
d, %and.idth of 2+78E dra. the '!6 for the signal.
>- Dhat is the point of setting the ,aud (ate in X,ee. 3s it possi%le to get t.o X,ee
chips .ith diIerent %aud rates to communicate .ith one another9
9- Dhat does it mean .hen .e perform a loopback test %et.een t.o X,ee chips9
10-Dhat is the main diIerence %et.een regular Nig,ee and Nig,ee pro9
11-7o. man" Nig,ee channels are a1aila%le in 2./ ,and9
12-Dhich register do "ou set to change the transmit po.er9 Dhat is the ma$imum
transmit po.er in mD9
13-Can "ou change the parit" setting in (F module9 7o.9
10
ppendi$ 1:
ppendi$ 2:
!ample 7-X Autput !tring from the (-+AT- moduel:
*- 00 0- >3 /) *> /1 00 01 32 00 02 02 02 02 02 )1 ,F
Dhat does it mean:
*- - !tart 6elimiter
00 0- - Bength ,"tes
>3 - '3 3denti&er ,"te for 1)%it /6 data
/) *> - !ource ddress ,"tes
/1 - (!!3 Oalue ,"tes
00 - Aption ,"te
01 - !ample Ruantit" ,"te
32 00 - Channel 3ndicator
02 02 - !ample 6ata 60<$= STma$ 1alue : OrefU
02 02 - !ample 6ata 62<"= STma$ 1alue : OrefU
02 )1 - !ample 6ata 60<8= STma$ 1alue : OrefU
,F - Chec# !um
11