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Introduction To Algebraic Curves - Solution PDF

This document contains the solutions to four problems from Math 114 Algebraic Geometry homework 1. 1) It proves that the definition of νp(F) (the order of zero of a meromorphic function F at a point p) is well defined by showing it is independent of the local coordinate chosen around p. 2) It verifies that the sum of the orders of all zeros and poles of a meromorphic function F on a Riemann surface C (which is either the Riemann sphere or a complex torus) equals 0. 3) It proves that any meromorphic function f on a Riemann surface C is a holomorphic map into the Riemann sphere S.

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945 views3 pages

Introduction To Algebraic Curves - Solution PDF

This document contains the solutions to four problems from Math 114 Algebraic Geometry homework 1. 1) It proves that the definition of νp(F) (the order of zero of a meromorphic function F at a point p) is well defined by showing it is independent of the local coordinate chosen around p. 2) It verifies that the sum of the orders of all zeros and poles of a meromorphic function F on a Riemann surface C (which is either the Riemann sphere or a complex torus) equals 0. 3) It proves that any meromorphic function f on a Riemann surface C is a holomorphic map into the Riemann sphere S.

Uploaded by

hugonunes89
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Ali Sinan Sert oz Spring 2011

Math 114 Algebraic Geometry Homework 1 Solutions


Textbook: Phillip A. Grifths, Introduction to Algebraic Curves, AMS Publications, 1989.
Q-1) Exercise 3.1 (page 14) Prove that the denition of
p
(F) is well dened.
Solution:
Suppose C is a compact Riemann surface with f K(C), f = 0 and p C. Select a local coordinate
z around p such that z(p) = 0. Then around p
f = z

h(z)
where h(z) is a holomorphic function around p and h(0) = 0 with Z. This is dened to be

p
(f).
Assume w is another local coordinate around p with w(p) = 0.
For a point q in a neighborhood of p where both z and w are dened, we have
f(q) = f z
1
(z(q)) = (z(q))

(h z
1
(z(q))).
Set = (z w
1
). This is a biholomorphic function and
z(q) = (w(q)) = a
1
w(q) + a
2
w(q)
2
+
is the Taylor extension with a
1
= 0. We have no constant term since 0 = z(p) = (w(p)) = (0).
Putting this into the expression for f we have
f(q) = (f z
1
)(z(q))
= (z(q))

(h z
1
(z(q)))
= (a
1
w(q) + a
2
w(q)
2
+ )

(h z
1
(z w
1
w(q)))
= (w(q))

(a
1
+ a
2
w(q) + )

(h w
1
(w(q)))
= (w(q))

(H w
1
(w(q)))
where H(q) = g(q)h(q) with g(q) := (a
1
+a
2
w(q) + )

is holomorphic around p with H(p) = 0.


This shows that
p
(f) = and is independent of the holomorphic coordinate chosen.
Q-2) Exercise 3.2 (page 14) Suppose that C is either the Riemann sphere S or the complex torus C/.
Take f K(C). Verify that

pC

p
(f) = 0.
Solution:
First observe that zeros and poles of a rational function are isolated and when C is compact their total
number is nite. So the sum in question is a nite sum.
Next assume that C = S. Take any point p
0
on S which is neither a zero nor a pole for F. Let be a
small circle around p
0
, oriented positively and containing no pole or zero of f on its interior. Since in
general

f
= #(zeros of f inside ) #(poles of f inside )
this integral is zero. On the other hand S \ {p
0
} is isomorphic to C, and considering the same integral
with reverse orientation we get

f
=

f
= #(poles of f inside ) #(zeros of f inside )
=

pC

p
(f)
since we count the zeros and poles with multiplicity. But now this integral and hence the sum is zero.
Next let C = C/. This time we cannot play the above game since the complement of a point is not
isomorphic to C but there is another game to be played.
Let be the boundary of a fundamental region for C in C oriented positively. On one hand we have

f
= #(zeros of f inside ) #(poles of f inside ).
On the other hand this integral is zero since the opposite sides of are identied but traversed in
opposite directions thus causing a cancelation.
Q-3) Prove Remark 3.9 (page 15): Clearly any meromorphic function f on a Riemann surface C is a
holomorphic mapping into the Riemann sphere S.
Solution:
Using the notation on pages 6 and 7, dene a map
: C S
as follows. For any p C,
(p) =
{

1
1
(f(p)) if f(p) =

1
0
(1/f(p)) if f(p) = 0.
.
To check that this is well dened, it sufces to recall that

1
1
(f(p)) =
1
0
(
0

1
1
)(f(p)) =
1
0
(1/f(p)).
It is now immediate to see that is holomorphic.
Q-4) Show that the Riemann sphere S and the complex projective line P
1
are isomorphic.
Solution:
We use the notation on page 7. Dene a map : S P
1
as follows.
(X, Y, Z) =
{
[
X+iY
1Z
: 1] if Z = 1,
[1 :
XiY
1+Z
] if Z = 1.
Also dene a map : P
1
S as follows.
([s : t]) =
{

1
1
(s/t) if t = 0,

1
0
(t/s) if s = 0.
It is straightforward to check that these maps are well dened, holomorphic and are inverses of each
other.

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