RULE BOOK - ATP -

ALTERNATIVE TRANSIENT PROGRAM

CAUE - COMITE ARGENTINO DE USUARIOS DE EMTP - ATP
http://iitree.ing.unlp.edu.ar/estudios/caue/index.htm
Buenos Aires / diciembre 2001
RB-02A-39.PDF
II - A 39 Harmonic Frequency Scan II-A-39 1/11
1
II-A-39 HARMONIC FREQUENCY SCAN
Harmonic Frequency Scan ( HFS) performs a sequence of phasor solutions for Type
14 voltage and/or current sources of various frequencies, amplitudes and angles
specified by the user. HFS is the ATP option for harmonic analysis in electrical
networks.
Data for HFS runs can be divided into 6 classes
1 - Special Request entries and Miscellaneous Constants
2 - $PARAMETER entries
3 - BRANCH data including requests for frequency dependent elements
4 Special output request
5 - Source specifications
6 - Specification of frequency dependence of elements
II-A-39-1 Special Requests
Class 1 data includes as a minimum the two Special Request entries of
BEGIN NEW DATA CASE and HARMONIC FREQUENCY SCAN as shown below
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4
B E G I N N EW D A T A C A S E
HA RMO N I C F R E Q U E N C Y S C A N
The user can enter optional Special Requests such as listed in Section 2A of the Rule
Book. Typical entries may be POWER FREQUENCY or PRINTED NUMBER
WIDTH etc. The user has to verify that such Special Request entries do not conflict
with the process of the HARMONIC FREQUENCY SCAN..
An optional but important Special Request with harmonic frequency scan is the use of
the Pocket Calculator for varying the value of an element (R-L-C) as a function of
frequency (harmonic order). This option is introduced by the Special Request
POCKET CALCULATOR VARIES PARAMETERS (PCVP) in conjunction with the
$PARAMETER request as explained below.
1 2 3 4 5
123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123
C I 6 I 6
POCKET CALCULATOR VARI ES PARAMETERS MAXKNT I OPCVP
In the general purpose use of PCVP (see Rule Book Section I-L) the value of
MAXKNT sets the number of passes the user wants to make with varying.
2
parameters. For such study MAXKNT is an arbitrary number demanded by the user.
For HFS studies MAXKNT should be set to zero in column 48, as MAXKNT is
internally set to the number of different frequency sources specified by the user.
IOPCVP =0 generates a .LIS file with a full output for each pass which may be
required for some general purpose applications with PCVP, but it is wasteful for
HFS. With IOPCVP =1, the .LIS file contains the tabulation of output variables for
each frequency specified and the new parameter values for each frequency as changed
by the KNT dependent formulas in $PARAMETER.
.
In the latest ( July 1999) version of TPBIG the PCVP request can be deleted.
The above Special requests are followed by two MISELLANEOUS DATA These
are the same Miscellaneous Data described in Section 2B of the Rule book, but are
repeated here to indicate that recommended entries for an HFS run.
First Miscellaneous Data record
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
C E 8 . 0 E 8 . 0 E 8 . 0 E 8 . 0 E 8 . 0 E 8 . 0
DELTAT TMAX XOP T COP T
The value of DELTAT and TMAX has no meaning for HFS, but cannot be left blank.
Enter 1.0 for both constants. XOPT and COPT have the same meaning as described in
Section II-8.
Second Miscellaneous Data record
1 2 3 4
123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678
C I 8 I 8 I 8 I 8 I 8 I 8
I OUT I P LOT KS S OUT
5 6
9012345678901234
I 8 I 8
I CAT
Enter 1 for both IOUT and IPLOT to have outputs in the .LIS file for each
frequency specified. KSSOUT =1 will generate a detailed phasor output for each
frequency, resulting in a large volume of output, which for the usual HFS is not
warranted. KSSOUT =0 is the recommended usage. If plotting of results is required
enter ICAT =1, which will be the general case for HFS runs.
3
II-A-39-2 $PARAMETER Specification
Class 2 data is required if the PCVP option is used for user defined frequency
dependence of R-L-C elements. Rules for using the PCVP in conjunction with
$PARAMETER is described in detail in Section I-L of the Rule Book. The HFS use is
shown here on a simple example. In HFS applications, the ATP constant KNT which
in the general case is the sequence counter of the sequence number of passes in a
systematic or statistical run, is internally made equal to the harmonic order h =
frequency/power frequency. The frequency dependence of an element has to be
defined by the user as a function of KNT being the same as the function of frequency.
Let BUSHFS be the name of a node to which a frequency dependent impedance RHFS
+j XFHS is connected. With the harmonic order h equal to KNT , let
RHFS = 0.35 * KNT **2 and
XHFS = 1.21 * ( 1+KNT**0.4)
To enter these elements the user will have entered the PCVP request among the Class
1 data as outlined above. Following the Miscellaneous data the following shows the
data entry for $PARAMETER.
1 2 3 4
123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678
$ PARAMETER
RHF S _ _ = 0 . 3 * KNT * * 2 . 0
XHF S _ _ = 1 . 2 1 * ( 1 . 0 +KNT * * 0 . 4 )
BLANK c a r d e nD s $ PARAMETER d e f i n i T i o n s
4
In the BRANCH data the above frequency dependent elements are entered as follows
1 2 3 4
123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678
BUSHF S RHF S _ _ XHF S _ _
Note the use of under scores to form six character names compulsory in transferring
data from the $PARAMETER section to BRANCH data.
The $PARAMETER section uses free format Fortran statements with floating point
numbers. Integers are not allowed. The user should carefully study the Rule Book
section on PCVP application. (Section I-L)
II-A-39-3 Frequency Dependent Elements
Class 3 HFS data is the same as the regular data for time domain runs. As HFS is a
sequence of phasor solutions, nonlinearities cannot be represented. Nonlinear elements
will be treated the same way as they are treated in the phasor solution of a time domain
run.
Frequency Dependent R-L-C Elements
Linear frequency dependence of an R L - C element can be modeled as described
in Section II-A-39-6. User defined non-linear frequency dependence of an R L- C
element has to modeled using the PCVP option. An example is shown in Section II-
A-39-7 - Simulation Samples
The CIGRE Load Model
A frequency dependent distribution system load model was developed for HFS, but it is
usable for FS and time domain simulations. After the originators of the model, it is
called the CIGRE model, and characterized by three constants A, B, and C. The user
enters the load MW, MVAR and kV and the three constants, ATP calculates the load
impedance for the harmonic orders. The C.I.G.R.E. recommended constants are A=
0.073, B=6.7 and C=0.74. The model is valid for harmonic orders of 5 and higher and
may yield incorrect reactive absorption at the fundamental frequency. This is usually
not a problem, but the user should be aware of it and compensate for it if required. The
changing of the recommended constants will change the overall frequency dependence
of the model, and should be carefully analyzed by the user. For details of the model see
C.I.G.R.E. Publication Electra Vol. 71, 1981.
The format for entering a single phase CIGRE load at a bus BUSL:
5
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2
C E 1 6 . 2
< LOAD> C I GRE A , B , C A
C A 6 A 6 E 1 6 . 0
BU S L < LOAD> VOLT
Continued
5 6 7 8
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
E 1 6 . 0 E 1 6 . 2
B C
E 1 6 . 0 E 1 6 . 0
P LOAD QLOAD
The constants A, B, C are defaulted to 0.073, 6.7 and 0.74 respectively, or entered by
the user.
1. V LOAD is r.m.s. voltage across the load
2. PLOAD is the active power absorbed by the load
3. QLOAD is the reactive power absorbed by the load
VLOAD, PLOAD and QLOAD has to be specified in units consistent with the source
specifications. E.g. if the source voltages are in volts, VLOAD is in volts, PLOAD is
Watts and QLOAD is in VARs
For three phase loads the data input can be simplified as follows Let the three phase
load be connected to nodes BUSLA, BUSLB, BUSLC
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2
C E 1 6 . 2
< LOAD> C I GRE A , B , C A
C A 6 A 6 A 6 A 6 E 1 6 . 2
BU S LA < LOAD 3 BU S LB BU S LC VOLT
Continued
5 6 7 8
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
E 1 6 . 2 E 1 6 . 2
B C
E 1 6 . 0 E 1 6 . 0
P LOAD QLOAD
VOLT, PLOAD AND QLOAD are single phase quantities
6
Induction Motor HFS Model
There is no built-in induction HFS induction motor model at the present time. In most
cases it will be sufficient to use the locked rotor power frequency locked rotor
impedance of the motor. Should a more sophisticated model be required, the PCVP
option may be used to for generating the frequency dependent characteristic of the rotor
An example in Section II-A-39-7 Simulation Samples
Synchronous Machine HFS Model
There is special synchronous machine HFS model. It is generally recommended to
use the negative sequence impedance
II-A-39-4 Output Requests
The old restriction of only node voltage outputs with FREQUENCY SCAN has been
removed. Both node and branch voltage currents can be output the usual way with
column 80 entries of 1, 2, or 3, which is available for both FS and HFS. In the old FS
output node voltages were recorded with their magnitudes, angles, and real and
imaginary components. This has been changed to only magnitudes being monitored as
the default option. For
HFS, the user can request the additional output of the angle of the variable by
inserting a POLAR OUTPUT VARIABLES request after the end of SWITCH data as
follows:
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2
B L A N K E n d I n g S W I T C H e s
P O L A R O U T P U T V A R I A B L E S
C f o l l O w e D b y S O U R C E d a t a
1 4 B U S A e t c .
II-A-39-5 Sources
Only Type 14 sources are available in HFS due to the fact that HFS is a sequence of
phasor solutions. Source frequencies can be given in Hertz Hz or in the harmonic
order h. The two type of source frequency specification cannot be mixed. There has
to be at least one source with the power frequency equal to the default power frequency
or the power frequency as modified at the top of the data file. If sources are specified
in terms of the harmonic order h, there has to be at least one source with h =1. ATP
calculates internally the frequency in Hz corresponding to h.. Sources can be entered
in any order, they are sorted internally. The general format for entering sources is:
7
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
I 2 A 6 I 2 E 1 0 . 6 E 1 0 . 6 E 1 0 . 6
1 4 NAME J AML P L . F REQ . o r H ANGL E
NAME the name of the source bus
J blank for a voltage source and 1 for a current source
AMPLITUDE the peak voltage or current magnitude
FREQ the source frequency in Hz
h the harmonic order in per unit
ANGLE the source voltage or current angle in degrees
Columns 41 to 80 must be blank
II-A-39-6 Elements with Linear Frequency Dependence
An R L - C element with linear frequency dependence can be specified by entering
the value at a specified higher frequency. ATP will make a linear interpolation at any
given frequency ( harmonic order). The records to enter this specification follow the
last source specification as shown in the following format
1 2 3 4
123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678
1BUS A - 1 1 0 0 0 . 0 5 0 . 1 2 0 .
C l a s t s o u r c e
C E1 0 . 1
NEXT FREQUENCY FOR S ERI ES RLC FREQU
C A6 A6 E6 . 2 E6 . 2 E6 . 2
BUS A1 BUS A2 R L C
BUS B1 BUS B2 R R R
C r e p e a t f o r n e w f r e q u e n c y a n d b r a n c h e s
BLANK e n d i n g f r e q u e n c y d e p e n d e n c e
FREQ is the elevated frequency at which the new value of the element is
specified
NAME1 NAME2 is the name of the brunch to which an R L - C element is connected
8
R, L, C are the elements in branch NAME1 to NAME2
There can be several sets of frequency dependence specification of R - L - C elements
9
II-A-39-7 HFS Examples
Example #1
Linear frequency dependence of R L and CIGRE load model
BEGIN NEW DATA CASE
POWER FREQUENCY, 50.0
HARMONIC FREQUENCY SCAN
C DELTAT TMAX XOPT
1 1 50.
C IOUT IPLOT ICAT
1 1 1
C 1o km cable
-1SRCA LOADA 1.280 0.152 0.408 10.0
-2SRCB LOADB 0.164 .0987 0.408 10.0
-3SRCC LOADC
C frequency dependent impedance
C R X = 0.3 +j0.6 at 500 Hz
LOADA LODA 0.1 0.3 1
LOADB LODB 0.1 0.3
LOADC LODC 0.1 0.3
C frequency dependent CIGRE type load kV, 4.8 MW, 2.4 MVAR
<LOAD> CIGRE A,B,C 0.073 2.0 0.74
LODA <LOAD3LODB LODC 5780.0 1600000. 80000. 1
C branch to the converter
LOADA CONVA 0.1 1
LOADB CONVB 0.1
LOADC CONVC 0.1
BLANK end of BRANCH data
BLANK end of SWITCH data
POLAR OUTPUT VARIABLES
C amplitude Hz or h angle
C 10 kV 50 Hz voltage source
14SRCA 8150.00 1. 0.
14SRCB 8150.00 1. 240.
14SRCC 8150.00 1. 120.
C assume 3% negative sequence voltage at source
14SRCA 245.00 2. 10.
14SRCB 245.00 2. 130.
14SRCC 245.00 2. 250.
C harmonic sources at converter
14CONVA -1 60.0 1.0 10.0
14CONVB -1 60.0 1.0 250.0
14CONVC -1 60.0 1.0 130.0
C 5th
14CONVA -1 12.0 5.0 10.00
14CONVB -1 12.0 5.0 130.00
14CONVC -1 12.0 5.0 250.00
C 7th
14CONVA -1 8.0 7.0 10.00
14CONVB -1 8.0 7.0 250.00
14CONVC -1 8.0 7.0 130.00
C 11th
14CONVA -1 5.0 11.0 10.00
14CONVB -1 5.0 11.0 130.00
14CONVC -1 5.0 11.0 250.00
BLANK ending SOURCES
NEXT FREQUENCY FOR SERIES RLC 500. { Elevated frequency for interpolation
LOADA LODA 0.3 0.6
LOADB LODB 0.3 0.6
LOADC LODC 0.3 0.6
BLANK card ending F-dependent series R-L-C branches
LOADA LOADB LOADC
BLANK end of OUTPUT data
BLANK end of PLOT data
BEGIN NEW DATA CASE
BLANK
_
10
Example #2
Demonstrates the use of the PCVP
BEGIN NEW DATA CASE
C this data file demonstrates the simple HFS modeling of an induction
C motor with only one rotor circuit. The model is created by the
C POCKET CALCULATOR VARIES PARAMETERS option
POWER FREQUENCY, 50.0
HARMONIC FREQUENCY SCAN
POCKET CALCULATOR VARIES PARAMETERS 0 1
C DELTAT TMAX XOPT
0.001 -1.0 50.
1 1 1
$PARAMETER
C demonstrates the uses of a frequency dependence induction motor
C locked rotor impedance. Only the R component is frequency dependent
C Motor : 3ph, 0.38 kV, 550 kVA, slip = 0.8%, locked rotor reactance = 27%
C rrotor = slip * V(kV)**2 / MVA
C rrmot = 0.008 * (0.38**2 / .5 5) = 0.0021 ohm/ph
C the locked rotor inductance assuming xd' = 27%
C Xlmot = 0.27 * (0.38**2 / .5 5) = 0.00709 ohm/ph
C note the underscores making up the 6 char. names, only for those variables
C which are passed to the network data
C the constant KNT is made equal to h in ATP
C $$ signifies an intermediate variable
XLMOT_= 0.27 * 0.38**2/0.55
SLIP = 0.008 $$
RMOTS = 0.008 * 0.38**2/0.55 $$
C the following expression is MOD(h,3)
HMOD = ( KNT - 3.0 * TRUNC (KNT/3.0)) $$
C test for the sequence number
Z = (-1.0) ** HMOD $$
HS1 = (KNT + Z) $$
C HS is the "harmonic slip"
HS = (HS1 + SLIP)/KNT $$
RMOT__= RMOTS/HS
BLANK card ends $PARAMETER definitions
C Source bus 10.0 kV 95 MVA
51SRCA BSA .30000 3.1000
52SRCB BSB .01100 1.0528
53SRCC BSC
C BSA to BSMA is a measuring switch
C 10.0 kV cable equivalent to plant bus 2.0 km
-1BSMA TR10A 0.38 0.410 0.30 2.0
-2BSMB TR10B 0.38 0.410 0.30 2.0
-3BSMC TR10C
C
C Transformer 1000 kVA
C x = 6.5% x = 10**2/1.00 = 100.0 ohm * 0.065 = 6.50 ohm
C imag = 1.5 A , r = 0.5 ohm/ph
C
TRANSFORMER 3.0 40.0 AX
9999
1TR10A TR10B .800 19.00 10.0
2LS3A GRS .001 .0001 .220
TRANSFORMER AX AY
1TR10B TR10C
2LS3B GRS
TRANSFORMER AX AZ
1TR10C TR10A
2LS3C GRS
GRS 1.0
C line to converter
LS3A CONVA 0.001 0.020
LS3B CONVB 0.001 0.020
LS3C CONVC 0.001 0.020
C ******************************
C Induction motor 500 kW
C ******************************
C induction motor, 500 kW, 380 V, modeled by locked rotor reactance
C ------______------______------______------______
LS3A MOTA RMOT__XLMOT_ 1
LS3B MOTB RMOT__XLMOT_
11
LS3C MOTC RMOT__XLMOT_
MOTA MOTSA .00001 { source separation
MOTB MOTSB .00001
MOTC MOTSC .00001
C
BLANK end of BRANCH data ------------------------------------------------------|
C SWITCHES
C measure current in 10 kV feeder
BSA BSMA -1.0 10.0 1
BSB BSMB -1.0 10.0
BSC BSMC -1.0 10.0
C
BLANK end of SWITCH data ------------------------------------------------------|
POLAR OUTPUT VARIABLES
C power frequency voltage source 10 kV 3 ph
14SRCA 8150.00 1. 0.
14SRCB 8150.00 1. 240.
14SRCC 8150.00 1. 120.
C
C Voltage source for the induction motor
14MOTSA 307.50 1. -85.
14MOTSB 307.50 1. 155.
14MOTSC 307.50 1. 35.
C
C current injection at converter bus CONVA,B,C
C 500 kVA fundamental 933 A r.m.s. 1315 A peak
14CONVA -1 1315.0 1.0 -170.00
14CONVB -1 1315.0 1.0 70.00
14CONVC -1 1315.0 1.0 -50.00
C harmonic sources
14CONVA -1 1.000 3.0 -170.00
14CONVB -1 1.000 3.0 70.00
14CONVC -1 1.000 3.0 -50.00
C
14CONVA -1 1.000 4.0 -170.00
14CONVB -1 1.000 4.0 70.00
14CONVC -1 1.000 4.0 -50.00
C
14CONVA -1 150.00 5.0 -310.00
14CONVB -1 150.00 5.0 -190.00
14CONVC -1 150.00 5.0 -70.00
C
14CONVA -1 108.00 7.0 -110.00
14CONVB -1 108.00 7.0 -230.00
14CONVC -1 108.00 7.0 -350.00
C
14CONVA -1 70.00 11.0 -250.00
14CONVB -1 70.00 11.0 -130.00
14CONVC -1 70.00 11.0 -10.00
C
BLANK card ending all source cards
BLANK ening frequency dependent cards
TC10A TC10B TC10C
LS3A LS3B LS3C
BSA BSB BSC
BLANK ending OUTPUT requests.
BLANK ends plot cards
BLANK
BEGIN NEW DATA CASE
BLANK
_