EXERCISE 2: Combine the two sentences using the second sentence as a relative clause.

1. I wonder what happened to the child. A cyclist ran over him in the park this
morning.

2. Some of the guests didn't turn up. We'd invited them to the party.

3. The epidemic has spread all over the area. They have been trying to bring it under
control for months.

4. I wrote to the French couple. I met them on holiday.

5. The house is no longer for sale. We were hoping to buy it.

6. The film wasn't suitable for children. I didn't let my son watch it.

7. Have you met the person? They appointed him to head of the department.

8. I don't like the music. Our neighbours play it very loudly all day long.

1. The picture had already been sold. Sally was very interested in it.
2. I want to introduce you to the woman. I'm thinking of doing business with her.
3. The candidate was elected. I voted for her.
4. The theory didn't seem very sound. He based his argument on it.
5. The woman was extremely wealthy. This dress was designed for her.
6. The waitress is always getting in trouble. The manager shouted at her.
7. The illness seems to be very serious. Our boss is suffering from it.
8. The period was marked by conflict between Vikings and Christians. This church
dates from it.
EXERCISE 4: Combine the sentences using "whose".

1. This is the man. I took you to the hospital in his car.

2. You should have apologized to the woman. You stepped on her foot while dancing.

3. A company is likely to suffer in the current economic climate. Its financial backing
isn't secure.

4. He is the author. I most admire his work.

5. These are the birds. Their habitat is threatened by the development of the new
shopping centre.

428 D ELS

EXERCISE 5: Combine the two sentences, using the second sentence as a relative clause
and giving all the possible patterns.

1. This is the hall. The conference will be held in this hall.

2. Is that a photograph of the church? You got married there.

...................................................................................................................................?
3. I can't remember the name of it, but we went to that area. The early Christians dug
underground cities there.

4. This is the very spot. A big explosion occurred on this spot yesterday.

5. I know a small restaurant. You can have a nice dinner there enjoying the
magnificent Bosphorus view.

6. Istanbul is a city. You can meet people from all over Turkey in Istanbul.

EXERCISE 8: Choose the correct answer.

1. Just about everyone.......went on the 3. Japan.......technology has grown

boat trip was seasick. tremendously in recent years, is really a
fascinating country.
A) - B) who A) which C) B) when
C) whom D) which whom D) where
E) whose
E) that
2. The secretary in our office.........outlook 4. The passengers on the coach,.......were
on life Is rather pessimistic, is rarely seen afraid of the driver's reckless driving,
smiling. were relieved when they reached their
destination safe and sound.
A) that B) who
C) whom D) whose A) which C) B) that
E) where whom D) who
E) when
EXERCISE 12: Choose the correct answer.
1. She refused to tell anybody ......... she had 6 ............ you handle this problem Is entirely
resigned. up to you.
A) who B) which A) What B) Who
C) whom D) why C) How D) Which
E) whose E) Whose
2. We Invited them to come In October .......... 7. The thing ......... annoys me most about
was the only month ......... we'd have any her is that she always keeps asking questions
free time. ........ make no sense.
A) where/that B) which/in which A) what/that B) which/they

C) when/- D) that/when C) who/which D) that/that

E) why /with
E) whose/which
8 ............. surprised me most was that she got
3. It Isn't clear ......... he got his Information the job In spite of her lacking the
from. necessary qualifications.
A) how B) when A) That B) What
C) that D) - C) Who D) When
E) where E) Why
4. I don't suppose you know ......... I have to 9. The country ......... I'd like to see most is
see about tills situation, do you? Japan, for I've always found it so
fascinating.
A) who B) where
C) that D) - A) where B) that
E) what C) whose D) what
E) whom
5. She Is donating half of her lottery
winnings to charity, ......... is extremely 10 ........... I like best about Japan is that it has
generous of her. an attractive architectural style.
A) that B) who A) What B) That
C) which D) why C) Which D) Where
E) what E) Whom

1 1 Tokyo is said to be too crowded at 19. The hotel ........ we stayed on the last
any time of the day, still attracts me more evening of our trip served really delicious food.
than any other big city. A) when B) which C) that
A) where B) that C) which D) where E ) -
D) whose E) what 20. In the Middle Ages, a lot of people were
12. My mother's house ........ you can always punished for they would be awarded

find at least three to four guests, looks more for today.

like a local pub. A) which B) what C) that
A) which B) whom C) when D) when E) whom
D) that E) where 21. In medieval times, many people were
13. She Is always ready to help the people punished for things for .............. they would
around her .............. makes her very popular

probably be awarded today.

among them. A) which B) what C) that
A) whom B) who C) which D) when E) whom
D) that E) whose 22. There used to be a drive-in cinema in
14. We haven't decided yet ....... we'll spend ............... is now a"huge shopping centre

A) which B) who C) when

our holiday. D) that E) what
A) which B) where C) what 23. There used to be a drive-in cinema In the
D) that E) whom place .............. there is now a huge shopping
15. They haven't decided yet ....... they'll
spend their holiday with.
A) where B) that C) what
D) how E) whom centre.
16. The words ....... he uttered last night hurt A) which B) where C) when
D) that E) what
24. I should have bought the dress ........ I

tried on first of all as it was the most suitable

for the occasion.
me deeply. A) when B) how C) where
A) that B) what D) what E)-
C) how D) when 25. At the meeting, the committee will decide
E) whom .............. to appoint as safety officer for the

people last night hurt me deeply. club.

A) That B) What C) How A) whose B) whom C) that
D) When E) Where D) where E)-
18. Loreena McKinnett sings beautiful songs, 26. The US Captain Stephen Decatur rescued
many of .............. she has adapted from the American warship Philadelphia from

traditional folk songs and poems. called "the most daring act of the age."
A) what B) whose A) in what B) from whom
C) whom D) which C) where D) that E) how
E) that

442 Q ELS
27. Hie US Captain Stephen Decatur rescued 29. Marriage is a universal Institution.......
the American warship Philadelphia from men and women are joined In a special
Barbary pirates In an act.......a British kind of dependence for the purpose of
admiral called the most daring of the age. founding and maintaining a family.

A) what B) whom A) for B) whose

C) where D) which what C) D) in which
E) how how E) whom

28. As versatile as Shakespeare, Chaucer did 30. She reprimanded her daughter In the
for English narrative.......Shakespeare presence of her classmates.........I
did for drama. thought was rather inconsiderate.

A) B) who A) how B) what

where C) D) what C) who D) whom
which E) that E) which
1. The woman who is sitting at the corner table seems familiar to me.
2. The students who wanted to postpone the exam were eventually able to persuade
their teacher.
3. Only those who have their identity cards with them will be allowed into the
building.
4. "Roots", which was written by Alex Haley, is the history of one black American
family. ••..•» m
5. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon.
6. The fence that surrounds their house is not so high. We can jump over it.
We can jump over it.
7. The children, who were very excited about going on holiday, helped their mother
pack.
8. Mrs. Smith, who is our next door neighbour, is very much interested in what is
going on in our house.
9. We all expected to see pictures on TV that showed the pieces of the comet while it
was crashing into Jupiter, but we couldn't.
but we couldn't.
10. Mr. Jacobs will be the one who is in charge of the office during the absence of the
manager.
11. She, who was once a famous star, is now a hopeless alcoholic.
12. I have a lot of letters that I must write.
13. In some areas children, who don't know the danger, play in sewage waters.
14. His first book, which was published in 1975, didn't get so much praise as he
expected. v ,,
: f
EXERCISE 14: Choose the correct one.
1. Compared to Britain, the prices ......... for 5................by his Inability...............
train tickets In Turkey are Incredibly low. com m erc ial success In the U nited
State s, the m usic ian be ga n touring
A) charging B) charge E urope in the1970s.
C) to charge D) charged
E) having charged A )T o disapp oin t/ha vin g ac hieved
B) Having disappointed/achieving
2. Manhattan Island,...................for 25 C) Disappointed/to achieve
dollars from the Indians In 1626, is now D)To be disappointed/achieved
the centre of New York, and one of the E) Having been disappointed/achieve
3. largest and richest cities In the world.
6. The most significant feature..............
A) buying
B) having bought this author from his contemporaries
C) bought
D) to have bought Is his relatively plain language.
E) was bought
A) distinguished B) distinguishes
The student, not ......... the answer to the C) distinguish D) to be
question, really hoped that the teacher distinguished
wouldn't ask him. E) distinguishing

4. A) knew 7. The referee........to make the final

B) known decision was himself a former
C) knowing champion.
D) being known
E) to know A) has B) having
C) had D) have
T he P eacock R estaurant.......... to m e by E) to be having
M onica, w as the Ideal place for a
rom antic m eal. 8. Not........the "no entry" sign, Sarah
walked straight Into the conference
A ) recom m end ing room and interrupted a confidential
B) having recommended meeting.
C) recommends
D) to recommend A) noticed
E) recommended B) noticing
C) having been noticed
D) to be noticed
E) to notice

448 Q ELS
9. The trophy.........to the w inning team at 15. P enguin s.............like funny little m en in
the aw ard cerem ony, w as taken back so black and white evening clothes, live the In
that It could be engraved w ith the team's icy w aters of the Antarctic O cean.
nam e.
A) to look B) to be looking
A ) presents C) having looked D) looking E)
B) to have presented to have looked
C) presented
D ) to be presenting 16. T he S pice Islands, now ..........a s th e E a st
E) presenting Indie s, w a s the nam ..........In
e the M iddle
Ages to the region from which spices
came.
10. On November1, 1755, Lisbon was struck
by a tre m en dous ea rthquake,........two A ) know ing/to give
thirds of the city. B) kn ow n/give n
C) to know /giving
A) destroyed D ) be ing know n/gave
B) to destroy E) to be know n/having given
C) to have destroyed
D) being destroyed 17. W hat's the nam e of tha t new film ........
E) destroying Bruce W illis?
11. It w as the necessity of war that first led A) to have starred
wom en In Britain to w ork in technical B) starred
areas previously........by men. C) to be starring
D) starring
A) to dominate B) having dominated E) having been starred
C) dominated D) dominating
E) to have dominated 18. Under British law, if someone.............of a
serious crime pleads Innocence, he or she
12. Armadillos.........In both N o rth a nd S ou th Is tried before a jury..............of 12
A m erica, are nocturnal m am m als w ith members of the public.
distinctive arm our-encased bodies.
A ) to - a c c u s e /c o ns is te d
A) findingC) B) found B ) b e in g a c c u s e d /c o n s i s ts
find D) to find C ) a c c u s e d / c o n s is tin g
D ) a c c u s e s /to be c o ns is t e d
E) having found E) a c c u s ing /h a v in g c o ns is te d
13. There are m any different theories
.......th e 19. G re gory, not........of cigarette sm oking,
nature and developm ent of personality alw a ys asks his gue sts to sm oke outside
and the causes of personality changes. on the balcony.
A ) concerning A) to approve
B) concerned B) approved
C) to concern C) approving
D ) being concerned D) to have approved
E) to be concerned E) being approved

14. T he be st person.......us som e Information 20. A ir France's jets,........specially for the

about C yprus Is Ellf because she used to W orld C up w ith designs featuring football
live there. s ta rs , tra n s po r te d th e va rio u s tea m s
a rou nd F ra nc e du rin g the e ve nt.
A) to give B) given
D) have given A) to paint B) painting
C) being given C) to be painted D ) painted
E) to be given E) having painted

ELS a 449
21. Hawks, ........eagles In the same bird 28. The G reat W all of C hina
.........for 2,400
family, come In many different sizes. kilometres along the Mongolian plateau,
was built to prevent invasions from the
A ) having resem bled North.
B ) to rese m ble
C ) resem bled A) extended B) to extend
D ) to h ave re sem bled C) to be extended D) have extended
E) resem bling
E) extending
22.
Until the 20th century, the chief raisin 29. The Spanish Armada was made up of 130
producers were Turkey, Iran and Greece. ships.........altogether 30,493 men, of
By mid-century, however, the United whom 18,973 were soldiers.
States had taken the lead In production,
with Australia .......second. A) carried B) carrying
C) being carried D) to carry
A) B) rank E) to have carried
ranking C) D) be ranked
E) to have ranked 30. T h e train in g p ro g ra m ........by all o f o u r
new em ployees will cover the areas of
2 3 . F o rm er ly.......as S lam , T h ailan d is o n e o f safety, com pany procedu re and filing.
th e m o st p o pu lar to u rist sp o ts in A sia.
A )u n d ertak in g
A) to know B) known B ) u n d erto o k
C) knowing D ) knew C ) h a v in g u n d e rta k e n
E ) h av ing kn ow n D )to u n d e rta k e
E) to b e u n d e rt a k e n
24. The Koh-1-noor diamond, ........to h av e
b een taken fro m th e rajah of M alw a in 31. T h e n am e o f th e d o cto........w r ith y o u r
1 3 04 , m easu res 1 9 1 ca rats an d is o n e o f d au g h ter is D r. B en ne tt.
th e m o st fam o u s d iam o nd s In th e w o rld .
A) dealt B) deals
A) having believed
B) believed C) deal D) dealing
C) believing E) being dealt
D) to believe
E) to have believed 32. The topic ........at the moment concerns all
the members closely, so we expect all of
25. Students ........a foreign language can you to participate In the discussion.
always benefit from visiting the country
whose language they are trying to learn. A ) ha vin g dis c u sse d
B ) disc us sing
A) to study B) studied C ) to d is c u ss
C) studying D) to be studied D ) be ing dis c uss e d
E) being studied E) to b e disc us sing

26. The professor.......to Mrs Wilson over 33. I'm not sure If George is the sort of
there is head of the history department at person .......on with such an important
our university. task.
A) to be talked B) talked A) relying B) to be relied
C) having talked D) to talk C) rely D) having relied
E) talking
E) to be relying
27. Paul.........himself for the delay,
apologized to everyone ........In the project. 34. I need a large bag ........all this stuff in.

A ) blam ed/involving A) putting B) being put

B ) to blam e/to involve C) to put D) put
C ) being blam ed/involve E) having put
D ) blaming/involved
E) blam es/having involved

45O Q ELS
35. Listeni The poem........by the narrator on A) to be reached B) having reached
TV Is by my favourite poet. C) to reach D) being reached
E) to be reaching
A) to read B) reading
C) having read D) to be reading 39. The kitchen In a modem home, unless It
E) being read Is combined with a dining area, is a
relatively small room........with cooking
36. Whenever you need someone........your equipment.
problems with, I'm here to listen to you.
A) to fill
A) to share B) sharing
C) shared B) to be filling
D) being shared C) filled
E) having shared D) having filled
E) being filled
37. In the Cairo Museum, whole rooms are
given over to treasures........from the 40. Jean Jacques Rousseau argued for
tomb of Tutankhamen. freedom in music, and he pointed to
Italian composers as models.........
A) to recover B) recovering
C) having recovered D) recovered
E) have recovered A) having followed
B) following
38. Because of the hostility of the local tribes C) followed
In that area, Erie was the last of the D) to be followed
Great Lakes.......by white men, In 1669. E) to have followed