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Respiratory System

The document summarizes key parts of the lower respiratory tract, including the trachea, lungs, and bronchi. It describes the trachea's structure of cartilage rings and three tissue layers. The lungs are described as having lobes and being surrounded by pleura. The document also outlines the branching structure of the bronchial tree from primary bronchi down to alveoli.

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Dr. Jayesh Patidar
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8K views

Respiratory System

The document summarizes key parts of the lower respiratory tract, including the trachea, lungs, and bronchi. It describes the trachea's structure of cartilage rings and three tissue layers. The lungs are described as having lobes and being surrounded by pleura. The document also outlines the branching structure of the bronchial tree from primary bronchi down to alveoli.

Uploaded by

Dr. Jayesh Patidar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dr.

Jayesh Patidar
www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
Lower respiratory tract
It includes :
A. Trachea,
B. Lungs,
C. Bronchi.
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Respiratory tract
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TRACHEA
Structures associated with the trachea:
Superiorly : the larynx.
Inferiorly :the right & left bronchi.
Anteriorly :Isthmus of Thyroid gland & the arch of the
aorta & the sternum.
Posteriorly :the esophagus separates the trachea from the
vertebral column.
Laterally :the lungs
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STRUCTURE OF THE TRACHEA
It is composed of 3 layers of tissues & held by between 16-20
incomplete rings of hyaline cartilage.
Rings are incomplete posteriorly.
Connective tissues & involuntary muscle join the cartilages &
form the posterior wall which is in contact with the
esophagus.
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Three layers of tissue:
I. The outer layer : consists of fibrous & elastic tissue &
encloses the cartilages.
II. The middle layer :consists of bands of smooth muscles in a
helical manner. There is some areolar tissue.
III. The inner lining :consists of ciliated columnar
epithelium, containing mucus secreting Goblet cells.
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LUNGS
There are 2 lungs, each lying on each side of the midline in
the thoracic cavity.
They have-
o Apex,
o Base,
o Costal surface,
o Medial surface- Hilum at 5
th
, 6
th
, 7
th
thoracic vertebrae.
The area between the lungs: Mediastinum.
Lobes of the right & left Lungs.
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PLEURA & PLEURAL CAVITY:
Pleura consists of a closed sac of serous membrane which
contains a small amount of serous fluid.
Each lung is pushed into this sac so that 2 layers are formed:
a. One adherent to the lungs -visceral
b. Another adherent to the wall of the thoracic cavity-parietal
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Inside the lungs..
Bronchi & bronchioles:
Two primary bronchi are formed when trachea divides at the
level of 5
th
thoracic vertebra.
The right bronchus:
- wider, shorter & more vertical than the left one.
- Approx 2.5 cm
The left bronchus:
- About 5cm long
- Narrower.
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BRONCHIAL TREE
The bronchi divide as follows:
Bronchi bronchioles terminal bronchioles
respiratory bronchioles alveolar ducts
alveoli.
s
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