1324

GLOSSARY.
the Rectilinear or Perpendicular period. In the later portion may be noticed the flatten
ing of the arches, the four-centred arch being that most frequently used. The ogee arch
(j^'^. 1427) was also much used at the same period. The above representations
{fgs.
1424 to 1427) of a bay of a nave or choir, exhibit the additions of a Perpendicular
clerestory on a lower portion of earlier character
;
and the extinction of the triforium
as a gallery, it being trans lornied into a wall decorated with panels. The priory church
at Bath has not a triforium, but a lofty clerestory, like
fff.
1426; -while the choir it
Bristol has neither triforium nor clerestory.
Neutjie MouLDixG. (Lat. Nebula.) An ornament in Norman architecture, whose edge
forms an undulating or wavy line, and introduced in corbel tibles and archivolts. Fi(^. 1382.
Neck of a Capital. The space, in the Doric order, between the astragal on the shaft
and the annulet of the capital. Some of the Grecian Ionic capitals are with necks
below them, as in the examples of Minerva Polias and Erechtheus, at Athens. But the
Ionic order has rarely a neck to the capital.
Needle. A horizontal piece of timber serving as a temporary support to some super-
incumbent weight, as a pier of brickwork, and resting upon posts or shores, while the
lower part of a wall, pier, or building is being underpinned or repaired.
Nervubes. a name given by French architects to the ribs bounding the sides of a
groined compartment of a vaulted roof, as distinguished from the ribs which diagonally
cross the compartment.
Net Measure. Tliat in which no allowance is made for finishing, and in tlie work of
artificers, when no allowance is made for the waste of materials.
Neutral Axis. That plane in a beam in which theoretically the tensile and compressive
forces terminate, and in which the stress is therefore nothing.
Newel. The upright cylinder or pillar, round which, in a winding staircase, the steps
turn, and are supported from the bottom to the top. In stairs, geometrical for instance,
where the steps are pinned into the wall, and tliere is no central pillar, the staircase is
said to have an ftpm newel.
Niche. (Fr. probably from Neotro-ja, a nest.) A cavity or hollow place in the thickness
of a wall for the reception of a statue, vase, &c.
Nidged Ashlar. A species of ashlar used in Aberdeen. It is brought to the square by
means of a cavil or hammer with a sharp point, which reduces the roughness of the
stone to a degree of smoothness according to tiie time employed. When stone is so
hard as to resist the chisel and mallet, the method described is the only way in which
it can be dressed.
Nog. The same as a Wood Bkick.
NooGiNG. A species of brickwork carried up in panels between quarters or studs, and in
which manner partitions called
"
l^rick-nog partitions" are made.
Nogging-piece. a horizontiil board laid in brick-nogging, and nailed to the quarters for
strengthening the brickwork. Tliey are disposed at equal altitudes in the brickwork.
NoNAGON. (Gr.) A geometrical figure having nine sides and nine angles.
Normal Line. In geometry, one which stands at right angles to another line.
Norman Architecture. This term comprises the architecture of the Normans as seen
in Sicily and adjoining countries; and is applied to the round arch style which was
carried out chiefly in Normandy, and thence taken over into England soon after
Edward the Confessor's time, and more prominently in the reign of William I. It is a
variation of Romanesque architecture. See /(V^s. 1417 and 1418.
NosiN(j OF A Step. The projecting part of the tread-board or cover which stands before
the riser. The nosing is generally rounded, so as to have a semicircular section; and
in the better sort of staircases a fillet and hollow is placed under the nosing.
Notation. In the early periods of the Roman notation, four was written IIIL, this has
been changed into IV. ; ni?ie was written Villi., now IX.
;
forti/ was written XXXX.,
now XL. Five hundred was originally written Ig., now D. ; a thousand CIq., now M,
The number Iq = 500, is increased in value ten times for every
q
annexed. Thus Iqq
=
5,000; l3QQ = 50,000. and so on. The number
CIo= 1,000 is increased in value ^<
times for every and
Q
prefixed or annexed to it. Thus CCIq3 =
10,000, &c. This
notation is not now in use, but will be found in works of the 17th century.
Notation, Architectural. The method adopted of placing signs to figures when mark-
ing dimensions on drawings. Thus, in lieu of writingyee;^, inches, and parts of an inch,
certain dashes are used,
'
for feet,
"
for inches, and
'"
for parts
;
or

for feet, ' for inches,
and
'
for parts. There is no settled method for using these marks.
Notch-board. A board which is grooved or notched for the reception and support of the
ends of steps in a staircase.
Notching. A hollow cut from one of the faces of a piece of timber, generally made
rectangular in section.
Nucleus. (Lat.) In ancient architecture, the internal part of a floor, which consisted of
a strong cement, over which the pavement was laid with mortar.
NuGQER, or Nagar. The Snnscrit name for a city
;
as Ahmednugger, properly Ahmad-
nacar. the city of .\hniad.