The Relationship among Damped Oscillation, f-z characteristics and

Conducted EMI of an Induction Cooking
J. Arthitthang*, V. Tarateeraseth* W. Khan-ngern* and S. Nitta**
*ReCCIT and Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL)
Bangkok, Thailand, 10520, E-mail: kwerachet@hotmail.com
**Salesian Polytechnic, 2-35-11 Igusa Suginami, Tokyo, 167-0021, Japan, E-mail: nitta@cc.tuat.ac.jp

Abstract: This paper describes the relationship

among damped oscillation, frequency-impedance
characteristics (f-z characteristics) and conducted
EMI occurring in induction cooking. The R-L-C
equivalent circuit of induction pot is proposed. The
relationship among ring, f-z characteristic and
conducted EMI are verified by experiment. Finally,
the reduction technique for damped oscillation is
proposed using R-C series technique.
Keyword: Induction cooking, EMC and EMI
Fig. 1 The series resonance R-L-C circuit
1. Introduction
Melting, welding, cooking and other applications 2
of induction heating, all of them use the same R § R · 1
S  2 r ¨ 2 ¸  (1)
concept by applying the high frequency current 2 L2
through the winding coil around the metal. The
© 2 L2 ¹ L2C2
induction process between winding coil and metal or
produces the eddy current. The heat at the metal is
generated by the eddy current. However, the S D 2 r D 2 2  Z02 (2)
induction process is also produce high frequency
noise which directly affect to EMI problem.
It is well known that damped oscillation or ringing Where
is directly effect to differential mode noise which
dominant at frequency range less than 2 MHz [2]. R2 1
The ringing current can equivalent by series and D2 and Z0 (3)
parallel resonance circuit which compose of resistor,
2L2 L2C2
capacitor and inductor [1]. These equivalent circuits
are defined by f-z characteristics of induction pot of The damped oscillation will be occurred if:
induction cooking. The transient phenomena of
equivalent circuits are used to predict the ringing and D 2 ¢Z0 (4)
conducted EMI. In this paper, the series R-C circuit
is proposed to reducing the ringing and EMI problem
Therefore, the angular frequency of damped
of induction heating application.
oscillation is shown in equation (5).
2. Generation of Damped Oscillation
Z2 Zringing Z02  D 22 (5)
2.1 Series resonance circuit

Series resonance circuit shows in Fig. 1. The Because In equation (5), D2 is very small therefore
capacitor C2 is charged to voltage E0. When switch
it can be neglected. The frequency of damped
SW is turned on, transient phenomena occurs in the
oscillation becomes:
circuit. Derivations of mathematics in frequency
domain of S parameters are as shown in eqns. (1))- 1
Z2 (6)
(2) L2C2





The ringing current flowing through the circuit is
I0
shown in eqn. (7) S
4S2
I1 I0e
E
i2  0 e D 2t sin(Z 2 t ) (7)
Z 2 L2 I1
23

At the resonance point, the reactance X 2 can be

defined. 1
f2

1 L2 t0 S2
X2 Z2 L2 (8)
f2

Z2C C2
Fig. 3 The ringing current of series resonant R-L-C
Sharpness of resonance is defined as circuit

X2 2.2 Parallel resonance circuit

S2 (9)
R2
If S 2 , f 2 and X 2 parameters can be determined,
damped oscillation waveform can be produced even
if the values of R2 , L2 and C2 are quite complicate
to find.

Fig. 4 The parallel resonance R-L-C circuit

In the same concept with series resonance circuit, the

damped oscillation will be occurring if

D1  Z0 (13)

Where
1
Fig.2 The f-z characteristic of series resonance D1 (14)
R-L-C circuit 2 R1C1

The value of R2 and f 2 can be carried out from The angular frequency of damped oscillation also
becomes
f-z characteristic of series resonance circuit shown in
Fig. 2 and S 2 and X 2 can be calculated as shown in 1
eqns. (10), (11) and (12), respectively. Z1 (15)
L1C1
BW fb  f a (10)
In parallel resonance circuit, S1 is defined as shown
f2
S2 (11) in equation (16).
BW
R1
X2 R2 S2 (12) S1 (16)
X1
The f-z characteristic of parallel resonance of R-L-C
From these three parameters of S 2 , f 2 and X 2 ,
are plotted as shown in Fig. 5
the damped oscillation waveform can be plotted as
shown in Fig. 3.





3. The relationship among f-z characteristic,
damped oscillation and conducted EMI

3.1 Without R-C series technique

The relationship among f-z characteristic,

damped oscillation and conducted EMI are verified
by the experiment.
Fig. 7 shows the full-bridge inverter circuit of
induction cooking that use in the experiment. Fig. 8
shows the f-z characteristic of inductor pot. The first
parallel resonance appearing at frequency is equal to
3.144 MHz. It exactly equals to the ringing frequency
Fig. 5 The f-z characteristic of parallel resonance in case of without R-C as shown in Fig. 9 (a).
R-L-C circuit

2.3 The principle of R-C series technique applying to

Induction pot
The equivalent circuit of induction pot is R seried
with L that shows in Fig.6 (a). The proposed R-C
series technique is paralleled with the induction pot
as shown in Fig. 6 (b)
Fig. 7 Full-bridge inverter circuit of induction
cooking

(a) (b)

Fig. 6 The equivalent circuit

(a) The equivalent circuit of induction pot
(b) The equivalent circuit of R-C series
technique applying to Induction pot Fig. 8 The f-z characteristic of induction pot

The resonance frequency of equivalent circuit shown 3.2 With R-C series technique
fig. 6 (b) can be calculated as
The R-C series technique is proposed to reduce
the ringing of induction cooking. The experiment in
1 RL2 L
fr C (17) case of insertion the R-C series technique is divided
2S RC2 L in three cases as shown in Table 1.
C
Table 1: The value of R-C series technique
From eqn. (17), the resonance can occur at all Case R (: ) C (F)
frequency if eqn. (19) is met. With _RC1 1k 100*10-12
With _RC2 300 470*10-12
L With _RC3 7.5 600*10-9
RL2 RC2 (18)
C
Figs. 9 (b) – (d) show the ringing frequency in
L case of insertion the R-C series technique parallel
RL RC (19)
C with the induction pot. The f-z characteristic
comparison between without and with R-C series
technique is shown in Fig. 10. The ringing





frequencies of Fig. 9 (b) – (d) are also exactly similar
with f-z characteristic of Fig. 10. The EMI
comparison between without and with R-C series
technique is shown in Fig. 11.

Fig. 10 The f-z characteristics comparison among 4

cases

(a)

Fig. 11 The EMI comparison among 4 cases

The experimental results show the effect of

ringing via conducted EMI. The proposed R-C series
(b) technique parallel to the induction pot can decrease
the ringing and also the conducted EMI.
In case of without R-C series technique it can
generate peak impedance as shown in Fig. 10 and
also affect to EMI increasing as shown in Fig. 11.
The concept of ringing reduction is to reduce the
peak impedance of f-z characteristic, and then can
reduce EMI. It can be confirmed by the relation
between Fig. 10 and 11.

4. Conclusion
The f-z characteristic of induction pot can be
(c) used to predict the ringing frequency at main switch
of induction cooking circuit. In the experimental
results show the proportional relation between
ringing and conducted EMI. The proposed R-C series
technique parallel to induction pot also can decrease
the ringing at main switch which affect to decrease
the conducted EMI. The suitable parameter of
proposed R-C series technique is verified by
mathematic. However, this parameter is quite
difficult to define in the practical.

5. References.
(d)
[1] Nitta, S., Motoh, A., Yamakoshi, N., and
Fig. 9. The damped oscillation at measured point Shimayama, T.,”Generation Mechanism of R.F.
(a) without R-C series technique Noises on Power Lines,” Environmental and Space
(b) R = 1k : , C = 100 pF Electromagnetics, ed., H. Kikuchi, pp.392-409,
(c) R = 300 : , C = 470 pF Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, 1991.
[2] John C. Fluke, “Controlling conducted emissions
(d) R = 7.5 : , C = 0.6 P F
by design”, New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991